Synthesis and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of new imidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives

The Bucherer-Bergs Multicomponent Synthesis of Hydantoins-Excellence in Simplicity

Hydantoins and their hybrids with other molecules represent a very important group of heterocycles because they exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities in medicinal and agrochemical applications. They also serve as key precursors in the chemical or enzymatic synthesis of significant nonnatural α-amino acids and their conjugates with medical potential. This review provides a comprehensive treatment of the synthesis of hydantoins via the Bucherer-Bergs reaction including the Hoyer modification but limited to free carbonyl compounds or carbonyl compounds protected as acetals (ketals) and cyanohydrins used as starting reaction components. In this respect, the Bucherer-Bergs reaction provides an efficient and simple method in the synthesis of important natural products as well as for the preparation of new organic compounds applicable as potential therapeutics. The scope and limitations, as well as a comparison with some other methods for preparing hydantoins, are also discussed.

Antimicrobial activity of novel 5-benzylidene-3-(3-phenylallylideneamino)imidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives causing clinical pathogens: Synthesis and molecular docking studies

BACKGROUND

This work is development of new hydantoin molecules as treatment of potential antibacterial and antifungal activity against clinical pathogens causing infectious disease. Synthesized compounds were evaluated in molecular docking studies, the most effective compound is used to dock against the targets of 1U1Z, and 1AI9 kinases, to evaluate its binding affinity, hoping to rationalize and obtain potent of antibacterial, antifungal agents.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

The FTIR, ¹H &¹³C NMR, and mass spectra were used to conform new molecules and their evaluation of antimicrobial activity. Gram-negative bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (recultured) and Escherichia coli (ATCC-25922), and gram-positive bacteria of Enterococcus faecalis (recultured) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923) were evaluated for all compounds. The in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated against Cryptococcus neoformans (recultured), Candida albicans (recultured), Aspergillus niger, Microsporum audouinii (recultured) and Aspergillus fumigatus (recultured) for all synthesized compounds.

RESULT

Antibacterial screening, we identified highly active antimicrobial agents for this study for example; gram-negative bacterial screening of 3g was highly (MIC: 0.25 μg/mL) active in contradiction of P. aeruginosa, whereas bacterial screening of 3e and 3h were more active (MIC: 2 μg/mL) in contradiction of K. pneumoniae and also 3g was more (MIC: 2 μg/mL) active in contradiction of E. faecalis than standard ciprofloxacin. Antifungal activity, the 3b was more active (MIC: 0.25 μg/mL) against C. albicance,3g (MIC: 2 μg/mL) and 3h (MIC: 4 μg/mL) were more potential of A. funigatus, and the compound 3c was highly (MIC: 4 μg/mL) active on M. audouinii than clotrimazole. Molecular docking studies also supported the new finding of potent antimicrobial agents, the compound 3g, 3b, and controls Ciprofloxacin, Clotrimazole were checked again proteins 1U1Z and 1AI9 by Autodock Vina program. The compound 3g was highest binding affinity (-8.4 kcal/mol) than ciprofloxacin (-8.2 kcal/mol) in 1U1Z protein and the compound 3b was highest binding affinity (-8.8 kcal/mol) than clotrimazole (-6.8 kcal/mol) in 1AI9 protein respectively.

CONCLUSION

A novel set of imidazolidine-2,4-dione compounds 3a-h have synthesized and characterized successfully. The screening of antimicrobial activity shows that all compounds possess antimicrobial activities. In addition, the objective of the study was succeeded with a few of the promising molecules, which are proving to be a potential treatment of bacterial infection candidates.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Hydantoins: The State of the Art of a Valuable Scaffold

The review highlights the hydantoin syntheses presented from the point of view of the preparation methods. Novel synthetic routes to various hydantoin structures, the advances brought to the classical methods in the aim of producing more sustainable and environmentally friendly procedures for the preparation of these biomolecules, and a critical comparison of the different synthetic approaches developed in the last twelve years are also described. The review is composed of 95 schemes, 8 figures and 528 references for the last 12 years and includes the description of the hydantoin-based marketed drugs and clinical candidates.

Synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-(1,3-disubstitutedimidazolidyn-2-ylidene)-3-ethoxycarbonylmethylurea derivatives

Novel 1-(1,3-disubstituted-imidazolidyn-2-ylidene)-3-ethoxycarbonylmethylurea derivatives (3a-3j) were obtained from appropriate 1-aryl-3-arylsulfonyl-1H-imidazolidine-2-imines (1a-1j) and ethyl isocyanatoacetate (2), which were subjected to condensation. Seven compounds were tested for their antiviral activity against HSV-1 and CVB3 viruses. Among the tested compounds, 3c was found to be active against HSV-1, proving that 4-methoxy substituent as R and 4-methyl substituent as R1 are most beneficial for activity against this virus. Furthermore, 3e and 3g were active against CVB3, which demonstrated that both 4-methyl and 4-chloro substitution is tolerated as R1, whereas 4-chloro and 2-methoxy substituents are best as R. It was also shown that the active compounds are characterized by relatively big surface area, small ovality, and greatest HOMO and LUMO energies in comparison to the rest of the compounds.

Conjugates of degraded and oxidized hydroxyethyl starch and sulfonylureas: synthesis, characterization, and in vivo antidiabetic activity

Orally administered drugs usually face the problem of low water solubility, low permeability, and less retention in bloodstream leading to unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic profile of drugs. Polymer conjugation has attracted increasing interest in the pharmaceutical industry for delivering such low molecular weight (Mw) drugs as well as some complex compounds. In the present work, degraded and oxidized hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a highly biocompatible semisynthetic biopolymer, was used as a drug carrier to overcome the solubility and permeability problems. The HES was coupled with synthesized N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones, a class of sulfonylurea derivatives, by creating an amide linkage between the two species. The coupled products were characterized using GPC, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The experiments established the viability of covalent coupling between the biopolymer and N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones. The coupled products were screened for their in vivo antidiabetic potential on male albino rats. The coupling of sulfonylurea derivatives with HES resulted in a marked increase of the hypoglycemic activity of all the compounds. 2,3-Dihydro-3-(4-nitrobenzensulfonyl)-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole coupled to HES10100 was found most potent with a 67% reduction in blood glucose level of the rats as compared to 41% reduction produced by tolbutamide and 38% by metformin.