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Alkahtani HM, Almehizia AA, Al-Omar MA, Obaidullah AJ, Zen AA, Hassan AS, Aboulthana WM. In Vitro Evaluation and Bioinformatics Analysis of Schiff Bases Bearing Pyrazole Scaffold as Bioactive Agents: Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Alzheimer, and Anti-Arthritic. Molecules 2023; 28:7125. [PMID: 37894604 PMCID: PMC10609138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our research programs for the discovery, production, and development of the pharmacological activities of molecules for various disease treatments, Schiff bases and pyrazole scaffold have a broad spectrum of activities in biological applications. In this context, this manuscript aims to evaluate and study Schiff base-pyrazole molecules as a new class of antioxidant (total antioxidant capacity, iron-reducing power, scavenging activity against DPPH, and ABTS radicals), anti-diabetic (α-amylase% inhibition), anti-Alzheimer's (acetylcholinesterase% inhibition), and anti-arthritic (protein denaturation% and proteinase enzyme% inhibitions) therapeutics. Therefore, the Schiff bases bearing pyrazole scaffold (22a, b and 23a, b) were designed and synthesized for evaluation of their antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer's, and anti-arthritic properties. The results for compound 22b demonstrated significant antioxidant, anti-diabetic (α-amylase% inhibition), and anti-Alzheimer's (ACE%) activities, while compound 23a demonstrated significant anti-arthritic activity. Prediction of in silico bioinformatics analysis (physicochemical properties, bioavailability radar, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry) of the target derivatives (22a, b and 23a, b) was performed. The molecular lipophilicity potential (MLP) of the derivatives 22a, b and 23a, b was measured to determine which parts of the surface are hydrophobic and which are hydrophilic. In addition, the molecular polar surface area (PSA) was measured to determine the polar surface area and the non-polar surface area of the derivatives 22a, b and 23a, b. This study could be useful to help pharmaceutical researchers discover a new series of potent agents that may act as an antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-arthritic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.A.-O.); (A.J.O.)
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.A.-O.); (A.J.O.)
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.A.-O.); (A.J.O.)
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.A.-O.); (A.J.O.)
| | - Amer A. Zen
- Chemistry & Forensics Department, Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham Ng11 8NS, UK;
| | - Ashraf S. Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Wael M. Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
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Kadri S, Direm A, Athmani H, El Bali B, Parlak C, Hebbachi R. Dual inhibition of S. aureus TyrRS and S. aureus gyrase by two 4-amino-4′-acetyldiphenyl sulfide-based Schiff bases: Structural features, DFT study, Hirshfeld surface analysis and molecular docking. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Functionalized Nitroimidazole Scaffold Construction and Their Pharmaceutical Applications: A 1950–2021 Comprehensive Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050561. [PMID: 35631389 PMCID: PMC9144801 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroimidazole represents one of the most essential and unique scaffolds in drug discovery since its discovery in the 1950s. It was K. Maeda in Japan who reported in 1953 the first nitroimidazole as a natural product from Nocardia mesenterica with antibacterial activity, which was later identified as Azomycin 1 (2-nitroimidazole) and remained in focus until now. This natural antibiotic was the starting point for synthesizing numerous analogs and regio-isomers, leading to several life-saving drugs and clinical candidates against a number of diseases, including infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic) and cancers, as well as imaging agents in medicine/diagnosis. In the present decade, the nitroimidazole scaffold has again been given two life-saving drugs (Delamanid and Pretomanid) used to treat MDR (multi-drug resistant) tuberculosis. Keeping in view the highly successful track-record of the nitroimidazole scaffold in providing breakthrough therapeutic drugs, this comprehensive review focuses explicitly on presenting the activity profile and synthetic chemistry of functionalized nitroimidazole (2-, 4- and 5-nitroimidazoles as well as the fused nitroimidazoles) based drugs and leads published from 1950 to 2021. The present review also presents the miscellaneous examples in each class. In addition, the mutagenic profile of nitroimidazole-based drugs and leads and derivatives is also discussed.
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Zhang D, Ren L, Liu A, Li W, Liu Y, Gu Q. One-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1H-pyrazoles catalyzed by H3[PW12O40]/SiO2 under microwave irradiation. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shinde R, Suvarna V. Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: An Updated Review on KAS Inhibitors. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e110122200137. [PMID: 35021976 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220111113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the early twentieth century, with the isolation of penicillin and streptomycin in the 1940s, the modern era of anti-infective drug development has gained momentum. Due to the enormous success of early drug discovery, many infectious diseases were successfully prevented and eradicated. However, this initial hope was wrongheaded, and pathogens evolved as a significant threat to human health. Drug resistance develops as a result of natural selection's relentless pressure, necessitating the identification of new drug targets and the creation of chemotherapeutics that bypass existing drug resistance mechanisms. Fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS) is a crucial metabolic mechanism for bacteria during their growth and development. Several crucial enzymes involved in this biosynthetic pathway have been identified as potential targets for new antibacterial agents. In Escherichia coli (E. coli), this pathway has been extensively investigated. The present review focuses on progress in the development of Kas A, Kas B, and Fab H inhibitors as mono-therapeutic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Shinde
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Mumbai, India
| | - Vasanti Suvarna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Mumbai, India
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Rossi R, Ciofalo M. An Updated Review on the Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Molecular Hybrids and Conjugates Bearing Imidazole Moiety. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215133. [PMID: 33158247 PMCID: PMC7663458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of serious infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, especially the nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens, has been acknowledged by Governments and scientists and is one of the world's major health problems. Various strategies have been and are currently investigated and developed to reduce and/or delay the bacterial resistance. One of these strategies regards the design and development of antimicrobial hybrids and conjugates. This unprecedented critical review, in which our continuing interest in the synthesis and evaluation of the bioactivity of imidazole derivatives is testified, aims to summarise and comment on the results obtained from the end of the 1900s until February 2020 in studies conducted by numerous international research groups on the synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial properties of imidazole-based molecular hybrids and conjugates in which the pharmacophoric constituents of these compounds are directly covalently linked or connected through a linker or spacer. In this review, significant attention was paid to summarise the strategies used to overcome the antibiotic resistance of pathogens whose infections are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. However, it does not include literature data on the synthesis and evaluation of the bioactivity of hybrids and conjugates in which an imidazole moiety is fused with a carbo- or heterocyclic subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi, 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Maurizio Ciofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (M.C.)
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Hassan AS, Askar AA, Naglah AM, Almehizia AA, Ragab A. Discovery of New Schiff Bases Tethered Pyrazole Moiety: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study as Dual Targeting DHFR/DNA Gyrase Inhibitors with Immunomodulatory Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112593. [PMID: 32498469 PMCID: PMC7321065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of Bis-pyrazole Schiff bases (6a–d and 7a–d) and mono-pyrazole Schiff bases (8a–d and 9a–d) were designed and synthesized through the reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles 1a–d with aldehydes 2–5 using mild reaction condition with a good yield percentage. The chemical structure of newly formed Schiff bases tethered pyrazole core was confirmed based on spectral and experimental data. All the newly formed pyrazole Schiff bases were evaluated against eight pathogens (Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungi). The result exhibited that, most of them have good and broad activities. Among those, only six Schiff bases (6b, 7b, 7c, 8a, 8d, and 9b) displayed MIC values (0.97–62.5 µg/mL) compared to Tetracycline (15.62–62.5 µg/mL) and Amphotericin B (15.62–31.25 µg/mL), MBC values (1.94–87.5 µg/mL) and selectivity to tumor cell than normal cells. Immunomodulatory activities showed that the promising Schiff bases increase the immunomodulator effect of defense cell and the Schiff base 8a is the highest one by (Intra. killing activity = 136.5 ± 0.3%) having a pyrazole moiety as well as amide function (O=C-NH2) and piperidinyl core. Furthermore, the most potent one exhibited broad activity depending on both MIC and MBC values. Moreover, to study the mechanism of these pyrazole Schiff bases, two active Schiff bases 8a and 9b from six derivatives were introduced to study the enzyme assay as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) on E. coli organism and DNA gyrase with two different organisms, S. aureus and B. subtilis, to determine the inhibitory activities with lower values in the case of DNA gyrase (8a and 9b) or nearly as DHFR compound 9b, while pyrazole 8a showed excellent inhibitory against all enzyme assay. The molecular docking study against dihydrofolate reductase and DNA gyrase were performed to study the binding between active site in the pocket with the two Schiff bases (8a and 9b) that exhibited good binding affinity with different bond types as H-bonding, aren-aren, and arene-cation interaction as well as study the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the two active Schiff bases 8a and 9b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S. Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.H.); (A.A.A.); (A.R.); Tel.: +20-100-664-5444 (A.S.H.); +20-101-081-5102 (A.A.A.); +20-100-934-1359 (A.R.)
| | - Ahmed A. Askar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.H.); (A.A.A.); (A.R.); Tel.: +20-100-664-5444 (A.S.H.); +20-101-081-5102 (A.A.A.); +20-100-934-1359 (A.R.)
| | - Ahmed M. Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.N.); (A.A.A.)
- Peptide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.N.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.H.); (A.A.A.); (A.R.); Tel.: +20-100-664-5444 (A.S.H.); +20-101-081-5102 (A.A.A.); +20-100-934-1359 (A.R.)
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Zhang J, Ba Y, Wang S, Yang H, Hou X, Xu Z. Nitroimidazole-containing compounds and their antibacterial and antitubercular activities. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:376-388. [PMID: 31260891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infections especially tuberculosis caused by various bacteria including mycobacteria result in millions of lives every year, but the control of bacterial infections is challenged by the limitation of effective pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant pathogens. Nitroimidazoles belong to a group of nitroheterocyclic compounds that have broad-spectrum activity against a series of organisms such as mycobacteria, anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and some of them have already been used in clinics or under clinical trials for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this review, we made an overview of the recent advances in nitroimidazole-containing compounds with antibacterial and antitubercular activity in the recent 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yanyan Ba
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Su Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuehui Hou
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhi Xu
- Huanghuai University, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhumadian, PR China.
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Khidre RE, Radini IAM. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Heterocycles Utilizing 3‐(1,4‐Dioxo‐3,4‐dihydrophthalazin‐2(1
H
)‐yl)‐3‐oxopropanenitrile as Precursors. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rizk E. Khidre
- Chemical Industries DivisionNational Research Centre Giza Dokki 12622 Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceJazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia
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Novel Pyrazole-Hydrazone Derivatives Containing an Isoxazole Moiety: Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071798. [PMID: 30037021 PMCID: PMC6100116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel pyrazole-hydrazone derivatives containing an isoxazole moiety were synthesized. Antiviral bioassays indicated that some of the title compounds exhibited better in vivo antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). In particular, compounds 6a, 6c and 6q exhibited the best curative activity, protection activity, and inactivation activity against TMV, respectively, which were superior to those of Ningnanmycin. This study demonstrated that this series of novel pyrazole-hydrazone derivatives containing an isoxazole amide moiety could effectively control TMV.
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