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Kassab AE. N-Acylhydrazone Pharmacophore's Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Profile: Recent Advancements during the Past Ten Years. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:333-351. [PMID: 38303528 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128282470240117072322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to its important biological and pharmacological properties, in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, the N-acylhydrazone motif has shown to be extremely adaptable and promising. This scaffold has become a crucial component in the synthesis of numerous bioactive agents. N-Acylhydrazones are also interesting biological and synthetic tools due to their easy and straightforward synthesis. The current review provides a summary of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of N-acylhydrazone derivatives over the past ten years. A brief discussion of structure-activity relationships is also provided which may guide researchers in medicinal chemistry to develop derivatives based on N-acylhydrazone scaffold as potent anti-inflammatory candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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2
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Benny AT, Radhakrishnan EK. Advances in the site-selective C-5, C-3 and C-2 functionalization of chromones via sp 2 C-H activation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3343-3358. [PMID: 35425362 PMCID: PMC8979368 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, site-selective C-H activation at C-5, C-3 and C-2 positions of chromones for the introduction of structural diversity to the chromone scaffold was studied. The keto group of the chromone moiety acts as the directing group for the selective functionalization of chromones at the C-5 position. Furthermore, the C-H functionalization at the electron-rich C-3 position of the chromone can be achieved using electrophilic coupling partners. The C-H functionalization at the C-2 position can be possible using nucleophilic coupling partners. The direct functionalization methods provide a better pathway for the generation of C-5, C-3 and C-2-substituted chromones with good atom economy than that of classical pre-functionalized reaction protocols.
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Benny AT, Arikkatt SD, Vazhappilly CG, Kannadasan S, Thomas R, Leelabaiamma MSN, Radhakrishnan EK, Shanmugam P. Chromone a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: Developments on the Synthesis and Bioactivity. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1030-1063. [PMID: 34819000 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211124141859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromones are the class of secondary metabolites broadly occurred in the plant kingdom in a noticeable quantity. This rigid bicyclic system has been categorized "as privileged scaffolds in compounds" in medicinal chemistry. The wide biological responses made them an important moiety in a drug discovery program. This review provides updates on the various methods of synthesis of chromones and biological applications in medicinal chemistry. Various synthetic strategies for the construction of chromones include readily available phenols, salicylic acid and its derivatives, ynones, chalcones, enaminones, chalcones and 2-hydroxyarylalkylketones as starting materials. Synthesis of chromones by using metal, metal free, nanomaterials and different catalysts are included. Details of diverse biological activities such as anti-cancer agents, antimicrobial agents, anti-viral property, anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B) Inhibitors, anti-Alzheimer's agents, anti-diabetic agent, antihistaminic potential, antiplatelet agents of chromone derivatives are diecussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjitha Theres Benny
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore-632014. India
| | - Sonia D Arikkatt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore-632014. India
| | - Cijo George Vazhappilly
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah. United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Renjan Thomas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Strand Lifesciences, HCG Hospital, Bangalore - 560 0270. India
| | | | | | - Ponnusamy Shanmugam
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600020. India
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4
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New nitric oxide-releasing indomethacin derivatives with 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one scaffold: Design, synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111678. [PMID: 33964802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we present design and synthesis of nineteen new nitric oxide-releasing indomethacin derivatives with 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one scaffold (NO-IND-TZDs) (6a-s), as a new safer and efficient multi-targets strategy for inflammatory diseases. The chemical structure of all synthesized derivatives (intermediaries and finals) was proved by NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis. In order to study the selectivity of NO-IND-TZDs for COX isoenzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) a molecular docking study was performed using AutoDock 4.2.6 software. Based on docking results, COX-2 inhibitors were designed and 6o appears as the most selective derivative which showed an improved selective index compared with indomethacin (IND) and diclofenac (DCF), used as reference drugs. The biological evaluation of 6a-s, using in vitro assays has included the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as well as the nitric oxide (NO) release. Referring to the anti-inflammatory effects, the most active compound was 6i, which was more active than IND and aspirin (ASP) in term of denaturation effect, on bovine serum albumin (BSA), as indirect assay to predict the anti-inflammatory effect. An appreciable anti-inflammatory effect, in reference with IND and ASP, was also showed by 6k, 6c, 6q, 6o, 6j, 6d. The antioxidant assay revealed the compound 6n as the most active, being 100 times more active than IND. The compound 6n showed also the most increase capacity to release NO, which means is safer in terms of gastro-intestinal side effects. The ADME-Tox study revealed also that the NO-IND-TZDs are generally proper for oral administration, having optimal physico-chemical and ADME properties. We can conclude that the compounds 6i and 6n are promising agents and could be included in further investigations to study in more detail their pharmaco-toxicological profile.
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Abstract
This review summarizes the synthesis, reactions, and biological activities of tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline derivatives. These derivatives were synthesized by several methods such as i) from the reaction of 2-chloroquinoline with sodium azide ii) from diazotization 2-hydrazinylquinoline derivatives, and iii) from intramolecular cyclocondensation of 2-azidoarylidenes. Also, the chemical reactions and pharmacological activities of some tetrazoloquinolines such as tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline-4-carbaldehyde, 5-chlorotetrazolo[ 1,5-a]quinoline, 4-(chloromethyl)tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline, tetrazolo[1,5- a]quinoline-4-carboxylic acid, and 5-azidotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizk E. Khidre
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahah A. Ameen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mounir A. I. Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Santos CMM, Silva VLM, Silva AMS. Synthesis of Chromone-Related Pyrazole Compounds. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101665. [PMID: 28981465 PMCID: PMC6151840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromones, six-membered oxygen heterocycles, and pyrazoles, five-membered two-adjacent-nitrogen-containing heterocycles, represent two important classes of biologically active compounds. Certain derivatives of these scaffolds play an important role in medicinal chemistry and have been extensively used as versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. In this context, we will discuss the most relevant advances on the chemistry that involves both chromone and pyrazole rings. The methods reviewed include the synthesis of chromone-pyrazole dyads, synthesis of chromone-pyrazole-fused compounds, and chromones as starting materials in the synthesis of 3(5)-(2-hydroxyaryl)pyrazoles, among others. This review will cover the literature on the chromone and pyrazole dual chemistry and their outcomes in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina M M Santos
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Vera L M Silva
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Ali TE, Ibrahim MA, El-Edfawy SM. Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of some novel chromone annulated phosphorus heterocycles. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1287183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik E. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaya M. El-Edfawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
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Mahajan PS, Nikam MD, Khedkar V, Jha P, Badadhe PV, Gill CH. An Organocatalyzed Efficient One-pot Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of 4,4′-(Arylmethylene)bis-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ols). J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin S. Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| | - Mukesh D. Nikam
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| | - Vijay Khedkar
- Combi-Chem Resource Centre; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
- School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Westville Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Prakash Jha
- School of Chemical Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Sector-30 Gandhinagar 38200 Gujarat India
| | - Pravin V. Badadhe
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| | - Charansingh H. Gill
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
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