1
|
Hassan F, Backer SN, Almanassra IW, Ali Atieh M, Elbahri M, Shanableh A. Solar-matched S-scheme ZnO/g-C 3N 4 for visible light-driven paracetamol degradation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12220. [PMID: 38806502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of an efficient visible light driven photocatalyst for paracetamol degradation in wastewater, we have fabricated the ZnO/g-C3N4 S-Scheme photocatalysts and explored the optimal percentage to form a composite of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with zinc oxide (ZnO) for enhanced performance. Our study aimed to address the urgent need for a catalyst capable of environmentally friendly degradation of paracetamol, a common pharmaceutical pollutant, using visible light conditions. Here, we tailored the band gap of a photocatalyst to match solar radiation as a transformative advancement in environmental catalysis. Notably, the optimized composite, containing 10 wt.% g-C3N4 with ZnO, demonstrated outstanding paracetamol degradation efficiency of 95% within a mere 60-min exposure to visible light. This marked enhancement represented a 2.24-fold increase in the reaction rate compared to lower wt. percentage composites (3 wt.% g-C3N4) and pristine g-C3N4. The exceptional photocatalytic activity of the optimized composite can be attributed to the band gap narrowing that closely matched the maximum solar radiation spectrum. This, coupled with efficient charge transfer mechanisms through S-scheme heterojunction formation and an abundance of active sites due to increased surface area and reduced particle size, contributed to the remarkable performance. Trapping experiments identified hydroxyl radicals as the primary reactive species responsible for paracetamol photoreduction. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnO/g-C3N4 composite exhibited exceptional photostability and reusability, underscoring its practical applicability. Thus, this research marks a significant stride towards the development of an effective and sustainable visible light photocatalyst for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Hassan
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
| | | | - Ismail W Almanassra
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Muataz Ali Atieh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
- Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Mady Elbahri
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krishnan A, Swarnalal A, Das D, Krishnan M, Saji VS, Shibli SMA. A review on transition metal oxides based photocatalysts for degradation of synthetic organic pollutants. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:389-417. [PMID: 38105064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This review provides insight into the current research trend in transition metal oxides (TMOs)-based photocatalysis in removing the organic colouring matters from water. For easy understanding, the research progress has been presented in four generations according to the catalyst composition and mode of application, viz: single component TMOs (the first-generation), doped TMOs/binary TMOs/doped binary TMOs (the second-generation), inactive/active support-immobilized TMOs (the third-generation), and ternary/quaternary compositions (the fourth-generation). The first two generations represent suspended catalysts, the third generation is supported catalysts, and the fourth generation can be suspended or supported. The review provides an elaborated comparison between suspended and supported catalysts, their general/specific requirements, key factors controlling degradation, and the methodologies for performance evaluation. All the plausible fundamental and advanced dye degradation mechanisms involved in each generation of catalysts were demonstrated. The existing challenges in TMOs-based photocatalysis and how the researchers approach the hitch to resolve it effectively are discussed. Future research trends are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athira Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, 690 525, India.
| | - Anna Swarnalal
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, 690 525, India
| | - Divine Das
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, 690 525, India
| | - Midhina Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, 690 525, India
| | - Viswanathan S Saji
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M A Shibli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 581, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hua W, Kang Y. Synergistic degradation of Orange G in water via water surface plasma assisted with β-Bi2O3/CaFe2O4. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
4
|
Jasmine J, Ponvel KM. Sunlight‐induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye by Magnesium and Silver‐based Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyakumar Jasmine
- Department of Chemistry V.O. Chidambaram College Thoothukudi 628 008. Tamil Nadu India
- Research Scholar Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti Tirunelveli 627 012 Tamil Nadu India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Facile fabrication of Z-scheme TiO2/ZnO@MCM-41 heterojunctions nanostructures for photodegradation and bioactivity performance. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
6
|
Algethami FK, Katouah HA, Al-Omar MA, Almehizia AA, Amr AEGE, Naglah AM, Al-Shakliah NS, Fetoh ME, Youssef HM. Facile Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Studying Their Photocatalytic Activities Against Orange G Dye and Biological Activities Against Some Bacterial and Fungal Strains. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Shen S, Wang D, Jia M, Xiao S, Tang Z, Yang J. Ultrafast and high efficiency photodegradation of dyes under visible light by Au nanocluster-promoted Zn 0.5Cd 0.5S nanorods. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Au nanoclusters decorated on the lateral surface of ultrathin ZCS nanorods could maximize the photocatalytic activity of ZCS by PRET mechanism. This makes it possible to use less photocatalysts to degrade more recalcitrant dyes in a short time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Shuning Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhihong Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Junhe Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Synthesis and Characterization of Efficient ZnO/g-C3N4 Nanocomposites Photocatalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examine the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of ZnO/graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (g-CN) composite material for methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible-light irradiation (VLI). The polymeric g-CN materials were fabricated by the pyrolysis of urea and thiourea. More importantly, ZnO/g-CN nanostructured composites were fabricated by adding the different mounts (60, 65, 70, and 75 wt.%) of g-CN into ZnO via the simple hydrothermal process. Among fabricated composites, the 75% ZnO/g-CN nanocomposites displayed a superior PCA for MB degradation, which were ~three-fold an enhancement over the pure ZnO nanoparticles. The fabricated materials have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. More importantly, the photodegradation of MB could get 98% in ZnO/g-CN could be credited to efficient separation of photo-induced charge carriers between ZnO and g-CN. Also, the recycling efficiency of the as-prepared composites was studied for multiple cycles, which shows that the photocatalysts are stable and suitable to carry out photocatalytic degradation in the logistic mode. Additionally, the probable photocatalytic mechanism has also discussed. The synthetic procedure of ZnO/g-CN based materials can be used in numerous fields such as environmental and in energy storage applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shafawi AN, Mahmud RA, Ahmed Ali K, Putri LK, Md Rosli NI, Mohamed AR. Bi2O3 particles decorated on porous g-C3N4 sheets: Enhanced photocatalytic activity through a direct Z-scheme mechanism for degradation of Reactive Black 5 under UV–vis light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Theerthagiri J, Salla S, Senthil RA, Nithyadharseni P, Madankumar A, Arunachalam P, Maiyalagan T, Kim HS. A review on ZnO nanostructured materials: energy, environmental and biological applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:392001. [PMID: 31158832 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an adaptable material that has distinctive properties, such as high-sensitivity, large specific area, non-toxicity, good compatibility and a high isoelectric point, which favours it to be considered with a few exceptions. It is the most desirable group of nanostructure as far as both structure and properties. The unique and tuneable properties of nanostructured ZnO shows excellent stability in chemically as well as thermally stable n-type semiconducting material with wide applications such as in luminescent material, supercapacitors, battery, solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, biomedical and biological applications in the form of bulk crystal, thin film and pellets. The nanosized materials exhibit higher dissolution rates as well as higher solubility when compared to the bulk materials. This review significantly focused on the current improvement in ZnO-based nanomaterials/composites/doped materials for the application in the field of energy storage and conversion devices and biological applications. Special deliberation has been paid on supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, biomedical and biological applications. Finally, the benefits of ZnO-based materials for the utilizations in the field of energy and biological sciences are moreover consistently analysed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Theerthagiri
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai 600119, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Challenges in Determining the Location of Dopants, to Study the Influence of Metal Doping on the Photocatalytic Activities of ZnO Nanopowders. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030481. [PMID: 30934596 PMCID: PMC6474108 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Impurity doping is one of the common approaches to enhance the photoactivity of semiconductor nanomaterials by increasing photon-capture efficiency in the visible light range. However, many studies on the doping effects have produced inconclusive and conflicting results. There are some misleading assumptions and errors that are frequently made in the data interpretation, which can lead to inconsistent results about the doping effects on photocatalysis. One of them is the determination of the location of dopants. Even using advanced analytical techniques, it is still challenging to distinguish between bulk modification and surface modification. The paper provides a case study of transition-metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles, whereby demonstrating common pitfalls in the interpretation of the results of widely-used analytical methods in detail, and discussing the importance of using a combination of many characterization techniques to correctly determine the location of added impurities, for elucidating the influence of metal doping on the photocatalytic activities of semiconductor nanoparticles.
Collapse
|
12
|
Meimani R, Aghajani Z, Najafi GR. Ni–Mg co-doped ZnO nanoparticles as a novel catalyst for hydroxylation of benzene to phenol. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
13
|
Nguyen VN, Tran DT, Nguyen MT, Le TTT, Ha MN, Nguyen MV, Pham TD. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using ZnO/graphene oxide nanocomposites. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Kumar KA, Amanchi SR, Sreedhar B, Ghosal P, Subrahmanyam C. Phenol and Cr(vi) degradation with Mn ion doped ZnO under visible light photocatalysis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08172c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mn ion doped ZnO with different percentages of Mn content (Zn0.9Mn0.1O (1), Zn0.8Mn0.2O (2), Zn0.7Mn0.3O (3), and Zn0.6Mn0.4O (4)) was synthesized via a solution combustion method, with urea used as the fuel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. Sreedhar
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)
- Hyderabad
- India-500007
| | - P. Ghosal
- Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory
- DRDO
- Hyderabad
- India-500058
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Antibacterial and photocatalytic properties of Cu2O/ZnO composite film synthesized by electrodeposition. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Wang FR, Luo CX, Zhang XY, Liu JK, Yang XH. Mass-production route and application of ZnO nanocrystals modified with various elements (Li, Al, N, and P). RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|