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Ferretti F, Damonte G, Cantamessa F, Arrigo R, Athanassiou A, Zych A, Fina A, Monticelli O. On a Biobased Epoxy Vitrimer from a Cardanol Derivative Prepared by a Simple Thiol-Epoxy "Click" Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1242-1250. [PMID: 38222589 PMCID: PMC10785085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of this work lies in the relevant interest in epoxy resins, which, despite their wide use, do not meet the requirements for sustainable materials. Therefore, the proposed approach considers the need to develop environmentally friendly systems, in terms of both the starting material and the synthetic method applied as well as in terms of end-of-life. The above issues were taken into account by (i) using a monomer from renewable sources, (ii) promoting the formation of dynamic covalent bonds, allowing for material reprocessing, and (iii) evaluating the degradability of the material. Indeed, an epoxy derived from cardanol was used, which, for the first time, was applied in the development of a vitrimer system. The exploitation of a diboronic ester dithiol ([2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[4-mercaptan-1,3,2-dioxaborolane], DBEDT) as a cross-linker allowed the cross-linking reaction to be carried out without the use of solvents and catalysts through a thiol-epoxy "click" mechanism. The dynamicity of the network was demonstrated by gel fraction experiments and rheological and DMA measurements. In particular, the formation of a vitrimer was highlighted, characterized by low relaxation times (around 4 s at 70 °C) and an activation energy of ca. 48 kJ/mol. Moreover, the developed material, which is easily biodegradable in seawater, was found to show promising flame reaction behavior. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that, unlike an epoxy resin prepared from the same monomer and using a classical cross-linker, our boron-containing material exhibited no dripping under combustion conditions, a phenomenon that will allow this novel biobased system to be widely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferretti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Damonte
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cantamessa
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Viale Teresa
Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Rossella Arrigo
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Viale Teresa
Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Arkadiusz Zych
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Viale Teresa
Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
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