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Patel M, Bambharoliya T, Shah D, Patel K, Patel M, Shah U, Patel S, Mahavar A, Patel A. Emerging green synthetic routes for thiazole and its derivatives: Current perspectives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300420. [PMID: 38013395 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of the green synthesis of thiazole derivatives, emphasizing sustainable and environmentally friendly methodologies. Thiazole derivatives possess significant value and find diverse applications across various fields. However, conventional synthesis methods often involve hazardous reagents and generate substantial waste, posing environmental concerns. The green synthesis of thiazole derivatives employs renewable starting materials, nontoxic catalysts, and mild reaction conditions to minimize environmental impact. Innovative techniques such as microwave irradiation, ultrasound synthesis, green solvents, a green catalyst-based approach, and mechanochemistry-mediated synthesis are employed, offering advantages in terms of scalability, cost-effectiveness, and purification simplicity. The resulting thiazole derivatives exhibit comparable or enhanced biological activities, showcasing the feasibility and practicality of green synthesis in drug discovery. This review paper underscores the importance of sustainable approaches in functional molecular synthesis and encourages further research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitri Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Tushar Bambharoliya
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Drashti Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Krina Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Umang Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Swayamprakash Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Anjali Mahavar
- Faculty of Computer Application, Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer Application, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Kalita T, Choudhury A, Shakya A, Ghosh SK, Singh UP, Bhat HR. A Review on Synthetic Thiazole Derivatives as an Antimalarial Agent. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e240124226141. [PMID: 38279721 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638276379231223101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole is a widely studied core structure in heterocyclic chemistry and has proven to be a valuable scaffold in medicinal chemistry. The presence of thiazole in both naturally occurring and synthetic pharmacologically active compounds demonstrates the adaptability of these derivatives. METHODS The current study attempted to review and compile the contributions of numerous researchers over the last 20 years to the medicinal importance of these scaffolds, with a primary focus on antimalarial activity. The review is based on an extensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and other renowned journal sites for a thorough literature survey involving various research and review articles. RESULTS A comprehensive review of the antimalarial activity of the thiazole scaffold revealed potential therapeutic targets in Plasmodium species. Furthermore, the correlation of structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies from various articles suggests that the thiazole ring has therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION This article intends to point researchers in the right direction for developing potential thiazole-based compounds as antimalarial agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutumoni Kalita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Hatkhowapara, Azara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ankita Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Udaya Pratap Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
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Mahmoud HK, Sayed AR, Abdel-Aziz MM, Gomha SM. Synthesis of New Thiazole Clubbed Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole Hybrid as Antimycobacterial Agents. Med Chem 2022; 18:1100-1108. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220413095854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
The study aims to synthesize bioactive hybrid pharmacophores (thiazole ring and imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole system) by incorporating them to one biological assessment molecular system.
Background:
Literature survey revealed that various imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles, thiazoles and hydrazones have powerful anti-mycobacterial activity.
Objective:
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of molecular hybridization and the scope for imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-hydrazone-thiazoles to develop as promising anti-mycobacterial agents.
Method:
Several imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole–hydrazine-thiazoles 5a-g, 7a,b, 9a,b, 11a,b, 13, and 15a,b were generated using a molecular hybridization strategy and assessed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 25618) for their in vitro antituberculous activity.
Result:
Derivative 7b (MIC = 0.98 μg/mL) has shown the most promising anti-mycobacterial activity among the series tested. Brief structure-activity relationship studies found that the thiazole of chlorophenyl or pyridine or coumarin had a significant relation with the anti-mycobacterial activity.
Conclusion:
Promising anti-mycobacterial activity of compound 7b compared with reference drug suggests that this compound may contribute as a lead compound in search of new potential anti-mycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda K. Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelwahed R. Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, KFU, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology at Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
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Sahil, Kaur K, Jaitak V. Thiazole and Related Heterocyclic Systems as Anticancer Agents: A Review on Synthetic Strategies, Mechanisms of Action and SAR Studies. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4958-5009. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220318100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is the second leading cause of death throughout the world. Many anticancer drugs are commercially available, but lack of selectivity, target specificity, cytotoxicity and development of resistance lead to serious side effects. There have been several experiments going on to develop compounds with minor or no side effects.
Objective:
This review mainly emphasizes synthetic strategies, SAR studies, and mechanism of action for thiazole, benzothiazole, and imidazothiazole containing compounds as anticancer agents.
Methods:
Recent literature related to thiazole and thiazole-related derivatives endowed with encouraging anticancer potential is reviewed. This review emphasizes contemporary strategies used for the synthesis of thiazole and related derivatives, mechanistic targets, and comprehensive structural activity relationship studies to provide perspective into the rational design of high-efficiency thiazole-based anticancer drug candidates.
Results:
Exhaustive literature survey indicated that thiazole derivatives are associated with properties of inducing
apoptosis and disturbing tubulin assembly. Thiazoles are also associated with the inhibition of NFkB/mTOR/PI3K/AkT and regulation of estrogen-mediated activity. Furthermore, thiazole derivatives have been found to modulate critical targets such as topoisomerase and HDAC.
Conclusion:
Thiazole derivatives seem to be quite competent and act through various mechanisms. Some of the thiazole derivatives, such as compounds 29, 40, 62, and 74a with IC50 values of 0.05 μM, 0.00042 μM, 0.18 μM, and 0.67 μM, respectively not only have anticancer activity but they also have lower toxicity and better absorption. Therefore, some other similar compounds could be investigated to aid in the development of anticancer pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb.), India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb.), India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda (Pb.), India
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Kadam SN, Ambhore AN, Kamble RD, Wakhradkar MG, Gavhane PD, Gaikwad MV, Gunturu KC, Dawane BS. Metal-free efficient thiolation of C(sp 2) functionalization via in situ-generated NHTS for the synthesis of novel sulfenylated 2-aminothiazole and imidazothiazole. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct metal-free approach for the synthesis of novel sulfenylated 2-aminothiazole and imidazothiazole derivatives at room temperature is reported via an in situ-generated electrophilic thiolating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay N. Ambhore
- Padmabhushan Dr Vasantraodada Patil Mahavidyalay
- Tasgaon Sangli
- India
| | | | - Mahesh G. Wakhradkar
- School of Chemical sciences
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
- Nanded
- India
| | - Priya D. Gavhane
- School of Chemical sciences
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
- Nanded
- India
| | - Milind V. Gaikwad
- School of Chemical sciences
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
- Nanded
- India
| | | | - Bhaskar S. Dawane
- School of Chemical sciences
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
- Nanded
- India
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Saliyeva LN, Diachenko IV, Vas’kevich RI, Slyvka NY, Vovk MV. Imidazothiazoles and their Hydrogenated Analogs: Methods of Synthesis and Biomedical Potential. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Rashdan HRM, Abdelmonsef AH, Shehadi IA, Gomha SM, Soliman AMM, Mahmoud HK. Synthesis, Molecular Docking Screening and Anti-Proliferative Potency Evaluation of Some New Imidazo[2,1- b]Thiazole Linked Thiadiazole Conjugates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214997. [PMID: 33126630 PMCID: PMC7663531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffolds were reported to possess various pharmaceutical activities. RESULTS The novel compound named methyl-2-(1-(3-methyl-6-(p-tolyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioate 3 acted as a predecessor molecule for the synthesis of new thiadiazole derivatives incorporating imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole moiety. The reaction of 3 with the appropriate hydrazonoyl halide derivatives 4a-j and 7-9 had produced the respective 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives 6a-j and 10-12. The chemical composition of all the newly synthesized derivatives were confirmed by their microanalytical and spectral data (FT-IR, mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). All the produced novel compounds were screened for their anti-proliferative efficacy on hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2). In addition, a computational molecular docking study was carried out to determine the ability of the synthesized thiadiazole molecules to interact with active site of the target Glypican-3 protein (GPC-3). Moreover, the physiochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were derived to determine the viability of the compounds as drug candidates for hepatic cancer. CONCLUSION All the tested compounds had exhibited good anti-proliferative efficacy against hepatic cancer cell lines. In addition, the molecular docking results showed strong binding interactions of the synthesized compounds with the target GPC-3 protein with lower energy scores. Thus, such novel compounds may act as promising candidates as drugs against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda R. M. Rashdan
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Ihsan A. Shehadi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Almadinah Almonawara, Almadinah Almonawara 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Huda K. Mahmoud
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.)
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Bhavsar ZA, Acharya PT, Jethava DJ, Patel DB, Vasava MS, Rajani DP, Pithawala E, Patel HD. Microwave assisted synthesis, biological activities, and in silico investigation of some benzimidazole derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeel A. Bhavsar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
| | - Prachi T. Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
| | - Divya J. Jethava
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
| | - Dhaval B. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
| | - Mahesh S. Vasava
- Institute of Research and Development Gujarat Forensic Science University Sector‐9 Gandhinagar India
| | - Dhanji P. Rajani
- Microcare Laboratory and Tuberculosis Research Center Surat India
| | - Edwin Pithawala
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Khyati Institute of Science Ahmedabad India
| | - Hitesh D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences Gujarat University Ahmedabad India
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Afsina Abdulla CM, Neetha M, Aneeja T, Anilkumar G. Synthesis and Applications of Imidazothiazoles: An Overview. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Afsina Abdulla
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS) Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
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Bhavsar ZA, Acharya PT, Jethava DJ, Patel HD. Recent advances in development of anthelmintic agents: Synthesis and biological screening. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1695276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeel A. Bhavsar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Prachi T. Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Divya J. Jethava
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Hitesh D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Mahmoud HK, Gomha SM, Farghaly TA, Awad HM. Synthesis of Thiazole Linked Imidazo[2,1-b]Thiazoles as Anticancer Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1689514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huda K. Mahmoud
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Islamic University in Almadinah Almonawara, Almadinah Almonawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoraya A. Farghaly
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Applied Science, Chemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanem M. Awad
- Department of Tanning Material and Leather Technology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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The Chemistry of Sulfur-Containing [5,5]-Fused Ring Systems With a Bridgehead Nitrogen. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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