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Mishra AK, Willoughby J, Estes SL, Kohler KC, Brinkman KS. Impact of morphology and oxygen vacancy content in Ni, Fe co-doped ceria for efficient electrocatalyst based water splitting. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:4672-4682. [PMID: 39263402 PMCID: PMC11385549 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00500g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Designing a highly efficient, low-cost, sustainable electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through water splitting is a current challenge for renewable energy technologies. This work presents a modified sol-gel route to prepare metal-ion(s) doped cerium oxide nanostructures as an efficient electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Nickle (Ni) and iron (Fe) co-doping impacts the morphology in cerium oxide resulting in 5 nm nanoparticles with a mesoporous-like microstructure. The high level 20 mol% (1 : 1 ratio) of Ni + Fe bimetal-ion(s) doped CeO2 shows excellent HER and OER activities compared to the monodoped Fe/Ni and pristine CeO2. The co-doped catalysts required a low overpotential of 104 mV and 380 mV for HER and OER, respectively, in 1 M KOH, at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. The Tafel slopes of 95 mV dec-1 and 65 mV dec-1 were measured for HER and OER with the same representative samples which demonstrated excellent stability even after continuous operation for 20 hours in the alkaline medium. The unique morphology, enhanced oxygen vacancy (Ov) content and the synergistic effects of dopants in CeO2 play essential roles in enhancing the activities of Ni + Fe doped samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya Kumar Mishra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Joshua Willoughby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Shanna L Estes
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University Anderson SC 29625 USA
| | - Keliann Cleary Kohler
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory (AMRL), Clemson University Anderson SC 29625 USA
| | - Kyle S Brinkman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
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2
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Baek JW, Han S, Lee SE, Ahn J, Park C, Nam JS, Kim YH, Shin E, Kim M, Jang JS, Kim J, Park HJ, Kim ID. Cobalt-Doped Ceria Sensitizer Effects on Metal Oxide Nanofibers: Heightened Surface Reactivity for High-Performing Chemiresistive Sensors. ACS NANO 2024; 18. [PMID: 39012788 PMCID: PMC11295259 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Chemiresistive gas sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides typically rely on noble metal catalysts to enhance their sensitivity and selectivity. However, noble metal catalysts have several drawbacks for practical utilization, including their high cost, their propensity for spontaneous agglomeration, and poisoning effects with certain types of gases. As such, in the interest of commercializing the chemiresistive gas sensor technology, we propose an alternative design for a noble-metal-free sensing material through the case study of Co-doped ceria (Co-CeO2) catalysts embedded in a SnO2 matrix. In this investigation, we utilized electrospinning and subsequent calcination to prepare Co-CeO2 catalyst nanoparticles integrated with SnO2 nanofibers (NFs) with uniform particle distribution and particle size regulation down to the sub-2 nm regime. The resulting Co-CeO2@SnO2 NFs exhibited superior gas sensing characteristics toward isoprene (C5H8) gas, a significant biomarker for monitoring the onset of various diseases through breath diagnostics. In particular, we identified that the Co-CeO2 catalysts, owing to the transition metal doping, facilitated the spillover of chemisorbed oxygen species to the SnO2 sensing body. This resulting in the sensor having a 27.4-fold higher response toward 5 ppm of C5H8 (compared to pristine SnO2), exceptionally high selectivity, and a low detection limit of 100 ppb. The sensor also exhibited high stability for prolonged response-recovery cycles, attesting to the strong anchoring of Co-CeO2 catalysts in the SnO2 matrix. Based on our findings, the transition metal-doped metal oxide catalysts, such as Co-CeO2, demonstrate strong potential to completely replace noble metal catalysts, thereby advancing the development of the commercially viable chemiresistive gas sensors free from noble metals, capable of detecting target gases at sub-ppm levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Baek
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Dankook
University, 119 Dandea-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Ahn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungseong Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Nam
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hwa Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Euichul Shin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyun Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Jang
- Electronic
Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihan Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Dankook
University, 119 Dandea-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Abdulwahab K, Khan MM, Jennings JR. Doped Ceria Nanomaterials: Preparation, Properties, and Uses. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30802-30823. [PMID: 37663502 PMCID: PMC10468777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Doping is a powerful strategy for enhancing the performance of ceria (CeO2) nanomaterials in a range of catalytic, photocatalytic, biomedical, and energy applications. The present review summarizes recent developments in the doping of ceria nanomaterials with metal and non-metal dopants for selected applications. The most important metal dopants are grouped into s, p, d, and f block elements, and the relevant synthetic methods, novel properties, and key applications of metal doped ceria are collated and critically discussed. Non-metal dopants are similarly examined and compared with metal dopants using the same performance criteria. The review reveals that non-metal (N, S, P, F, and Cl) doped ceria has mainly been synthesized by calcination and hydrothermal methods, and it has found applications mostly in photocatalysis or as a cathode material for LiS batteries. In contrast, metal doped ceria nanomaterials have been prepared by a wider range of synthetic routes and evaluated for a larger number of applications, including as catalysts or photocatalysts, as antibacterial agents, and in devices such as fuel cells, gas sensors, and colorimetric detectors. Dual/co-doped ceria containing both metals and non-metals are also reviewed, and it is found that co-doping often leads to improved properties compared with single-element doping. The review concludes with a future outlook that identifies unaddressed issues in the synthesis and applications of doped ceria nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijat
Olabisi Abdulwahab
- Applied
Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos 101017, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Mansoob Khan
- Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan
Tungku Link, Gadong BE
1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Optoelectronic
Device Research Group, Universiti Brunei
Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei
Darussalam
| | - James Robert Jennings
- Applied
Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Optoelectronic
Device Research Group, Universiti Brunei
Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei
Darussalam
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Huaiwei Zhang, Chen Y, Bao L. Cobalt-Doped Ceria Nanorods for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158422960035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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5
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Mn-doped CeO2-CNT nanohybrid for removal of water soluble organic dyes. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Qadeer N, Jabeen N, Khan LU, Sohail M, Zaheer M, Vaqas M, Kanwal A, Sajid F, Qamar S, Akhter Z. Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of transition metal (Mn/Fe/Cu) co-doped cerium oxide-based nano-additives for potential use in the reduction of exhaust emission from spark ignition engines. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15564-15574. [PMID: 35685173 PMCID: PMC9125985 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work was to synthesize new cerium oxide-based nano-additives to minimise emissions from spark ignition (SI) engines fueled with gasoline blends, such as carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). To investigate the effect of transition metal dopants on their respective catalytic oxidation activity, nano-sized CeO2 catalysts co-doped with Mn, Fe, Cu and Ag ions were successfully produced by a simple hydrothermal technique. The synthesis of nano-catalysts with cubic fluorite geometry was confirmed by XRD data. The addition of transition metal ions to the CeO2 lattice increased the concentration of structural defects like oxygen vacancies and Ce3+ ions, which are advantageous for the catalytic oxidation reaction, as also supported by XAFS and RAMAN analysis. Further, nano-gasoline fuel emission parameters are measured and compared to straight gasoline fuel. The results demonstrated that harmful exhaust pollutants such as CO, HC and NOx were significantly reduced. The high surface area, better redox characteristics and presence of additional oxygen vacancy sites or Ce3+ ions have been linked to the improved catalytic performance of the synthesized catalyst. Illustrating the synthesis of doped and undoped CeO2 nanomaterial and its potential application as a promising catalyst for additives to minimize emissions from spark ignition (SI) engines fueled with gasoline blends.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Qadeer
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Naila Jabeen
- Nano Sciences and Technology Division, National Centre for Physics QAU Campus, Shahdara Valley Road, P.O. Box 2141 Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Latif U Khan
- Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME) P.O. Box 7 Allan 19252 Jordan
| | - Manzar Sohail
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaheer
- SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) Pakistan
| | | | - Afia Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Fatima Sajid
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Samina Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Zareen Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
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7
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Yang H, Jia L, Haraguchi J, Wang Y, Xu B, Zhang Q, Nan Z, Zhang M, Ohno T. Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped CeO 2 nanorods for efficient photocatalytic VOCs degradation. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulfur-co-doped ceria with a regular nanorod morphology was prepared by one-step calcination treatment. N and S dopants can generate new impurity level states and promote the photocatalytic performance of CeO2 for VOCs degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Lu Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jun Haraguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Qitao Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhaodong Nan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Teruhisa Ohno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
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8
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Impact of Doping and Additive Applications on Photocatalyst Textural Properties in Removing Organic Pollutants: A Review. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of ion doping and the incorporation of additives on photocatalysts’ textural properties have been reviewed. Generally, it can be summarised that ion doping and additives have beneficial effects on photocatalytic efficiency and not all have an increase in the surface area. The excessive amount of dopants and additives will produce larger aggregated particles and also cover the mesoporous structures, thereby increasing the pore size (Pd) and pore volume (Pv). An excessive amount of dopants also leads to visible light shielding effects, thus influence photocatalytic performance. Ion doping also shows some increment in the surface areas, but it has been identified that synergistic effects of the surface area, porosity, and dopant amount contribute to the photocatalytic performance. It is therefore important to understand the effect of doping and the application of additives on the textural properties of photocatalysts, thus, their performance. This review will provide an insight into the development of photocatalyst with better performance for wastewater treatment applications.
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Veedu SN, Jose S, Narendranath SB, Prathapachandra Kurup MR, Periyat P. Visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye over bismuth-doped cerium oxide mesoporous nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4147-4155. [PMID: 32935210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of Bi3+-doped ceria nanoparticles (0 to 20 wt% of Bi3+) were synthesized by sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method at a lower temperature of 150 °C. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be effective photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation. The synthesized photocatalysts were well characterized by crystallographic, microscopic and spectroscopic methods. XRD patterns showed that the developed photocatalysts have cubic fluorite structure, and the absence of any impurity peaks in the XRD patterns of doped samples emphasizes the effective doping in host lattice. All samples exhibited mesoporous nature as evident from the adsorption and desorption pore size measurement. The shift of band gap energy from UV to visible region (2.90-2.77 eV) of the undoped and doped ceria results in the photo degradation of methylene blue dye in the visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajith N Veedu
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Kerala, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Sheethu Jose
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Kerala, Kerala, 671316, India
| | | | | | - Pradeepan Periyat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673 635, India.
- Department of Environmental Science, Kannur University, Kannur, 670 567, India.
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Huang X, Gu W, Ma Y, Liu D, Ding N, Zhou L, Lei J, Wang L, Zhang J. Recent advances of doped graphite carbon nitride for photocatalytic reduction of CO2: a review. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Jayababu N, Poloju M, Shruthi J, Reddy MVR. Ultrasensitive resistivity-based ethanol sensor based on the use of CeO 2-Fe 2O 3 core-shell microclusters. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:712. [PMID: 31650364 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a method for synthesis of CeO2-Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs). These are shown to display enhanced ethanol sensing properties. Synthesis was done via a two-step process, starting with co-precipitation and followed by applying a sol-gel method. High resolution electron microscopy results revealed the core-shell nature of the particles. Surface morphological studies of the CSNPs showed a microcluster-like structure which is assumed to be responsible for the enhanced sensing response. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed valence states of Fe(III) and Ce(IV). The material was used in a resisitive sensor for ethanol vapor at room temperature (RT), at a typically applied voltage of 5 V. The response of the sensor is higher than that of pristine CeO2 or Fe2O3 sensors towards 100 ppm of ethanol at RT. The lower detection limit is 1 ppm (with a signal change of 23). The response and recovery times are as short as 3 and 7 s, respectively. The sensing mechanism is discussed in detail with respect to n-n heterojunctions formed between n-CeO2 and n-Fe2O3, high catalytic activity of the Fe2O3, and microcluster-like structures of the particles. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of gas sensing mechanism of CeO2-Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles (c) along with their morphological images (a&b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagabandi Jayababu
- Thin Films and Nano Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India.
| | - Madhukar Poloju
- Thin Films and Nano Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Julakanti Shruthi
- Thin Films and Nano Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Musugu Venkata Ramana Reddy
- Thin Films and Nano Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
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Ma R, Zhang S, Wen T, Gu P, Li L, Zhao G, Niu F, Huang Q, Tang Z, Wang X. A critical review on visible-light-response CeO2-based photocatalysts with enhanced photooxidation of organic pollutants. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Effect of ion (Ag+, N3−) doping on the photocatalytic activity of the Ruddlesden–Popper-type layered perovskite K2Nd2Ti3O10. CR CHIM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Venkataswamy P, Sunku M, Gundeboina R, Velchuri R, Vithal M. Fabrication of Novel Ag/AgBr/Cs2Nb4O11 Ternary Composite for Visible-Light Driven Photocatalysis. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Significantly Enhanced Aqueous Cr(VI) Removal Performance of Bi/ZnO Nanocomposites via Synergistic Effect of Adsorption and SPR-Promoted Visible Light Photoreduction. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) and Zinc Oxide photocatalysts (BiNPs/ZnO) with different Bi loadings were successfully prepared via a facile chemical method. Their morphology and structure were thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectra (PL), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that a modification of hexagonal wurtzite-phase ZnO nanoparticles with Bi is achievable with an intimate interfacial interaction within its composites. The performance of the photocatalytic Cr(VI) removal under visible light irradiation indicated that BiNPs/ZnO exhibited a superior removal performance to bare ZnO, Bi, and the counterpart sample prepared using a physical mixing method. The excellent performance of the BiNPs/ZnO photocatalysts could be ascribed to the synergistic effect between the considerable physical Cr (VI) adsorption and enhanced absorption intensity in the visible light region, due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as well as the effective transfer and separation of the photogenerated charge carriers at the interface.
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