1
|
López-Cano AA, Martínez-Aguilar V, Peña-Juárez MG, López-Esparza R, Delgado-Alvarado E, Gutiérrez-Castañeda EJ, Del Angel-Monroy M, Pérez E, Herrera-May AL, Gonzalez-Calderon JA. Chemically Modified Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties with Cinnamon Essential Oil. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2057. [PMID: 38136177 PMCID: PMC10740917 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the potential of different nanoparticles (TiO2, CaCO3, and Al2O3), considering their pure form and modified with cinnamon essential oil (CEO). These materials were characterized using various techniques, including FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, TGA, and SEM. The interaction between CEO and nanoparticles changed depending on the nanoparticle type. Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibited the strongest interaction with CEO, increasing their antioxidant capacity by around 40% and their transfer of antimicrobial properties, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, TiO2 and CaCO3 nanoparticles showed limited interaction with CEO, resulting in lower antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Incorporating pure and CEO-modified nanoparticles into polylactic acid (PLA) films improved their mechanical and thermal properties, which are suitable for applications requiring greater strength. This research highlights the potential of metal oxide nanoparticles to enhance the antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities of polymers. In addition, incorporating cinnamon essential oil can increase the antioxidant and antimicrobial effectiveness of the metal oxide nanoparticles and improve the mechanical and thermal properties of PLA films. Thus, these PLA films exhibit favorable characteristics for active packaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. López-Cano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78290, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Martínez-Aguilar
- Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - Mariana G. Peña-Juárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, Orizaba 94320, Veracruz, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo López-Esparza
- Departamento de Física, 1626, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Delgado-Alvarado
- Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, Mexico;
| | - Emmanuel J. Gutiérrez-Castañeda
- Cátedras CONAHCYT-Instituto de Metalurgia, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - Mayra Del Angel-Monroy
- Especialidad en Plásticos y Materiales Avanzados, CIATEQ A.C., San Luis Potosí 78395, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - Elías Pérez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78000, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - Agustín L. Herrera-May
- Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, Mexico;
- Maestría en Ingeniería Aplicada, Facultad de Ingeniería de la Construcción y el Hábitat, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - J. Amir Gonzalez-Calderon
- Cátedras CONAHCYT—Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78290, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nikoofar K, Sadathosainy M. Phthalic anhydride (PA): a valuable substrate in organic transformations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23870-23946. [PMID: 37588043 PMCID: PMC10426397 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03378c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review has been centralized on applications of phthalic anhydride (PA) as a valuable and significant heterocyclic substrate in two- and multicomponent organic reactions. The article has been subdivided into the following parts: (i) PA introduction by focusing on its characterization, synthesizing procedure, and multiple-aspect applications. In addition, the previous review articles based on PA have also been indicated; (ii) the applications of PA as a substrate have been subdivided into parts with a glance on the reaction components numbers; (iii) the applications of PA in esterification reactions; and (iv) some examples of PA in multistep synthesis. The review covers the corresponding literature up to the end of 2022. According to the abovementioned classifications, PA is a potent substrate to design a wide range of heterocyclic compounds that possess various kinds of properties and applications in chemistry, industry, and pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Nikoofar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University P.O. Box 1993891176 Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 2188041344
| | - Mansoorehsadat Sadathosainy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University P.O. Box 1993891176 Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 2188041344
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sowińska-Baranowska A, Maciejewska M. Potential Utilization of Ground Eggshells as a Biofiller for Natural Rubber Biocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2988. [PMID: 37109824 PMCID: PMC10143961 DOI: 10.3390/ma16082988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was application of ground eggshells in various amounts by weight as a biofiller for natural rubber (NR) biocomposites. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), ionic liquids (ILs), i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmiCl) and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (DmiBr), and silanes, i.e., (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) and bis [3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPTS), were used to increase the activity of ground eggshells in the elastomer matrix and to ameliorate the cure characteristics and properties of NR biocomposites. The influence of ground eggshells, CTAB, ILs, and silanes on the crosslink density, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of NR vulcanizates and their resistance to prolonged thermo-oxidation were explored. The amount of eggshells affected the curing characteristics and crosslink density of the rubber composites and therefore their tensile properties. Vulcanizates filled with eggshells demonstrated higher crosslink density than the unfilled sample by approximately 30%, whereas CTAB and ILs increased the crosslink density by 40-60% compared to the benchmark. Owing to the enhanced crosslink density and uniform dispersion of ground eggshells, vulcanizates containing CTAB and ILs exhibited tensile strength improved by approximately 20% compared to those without these additives. Moreover, the hardness of these vulcanizates was increased by 35-42%. Application of both the biofiller and the tested additives did not significantly affect the thermal stability of cured NR compared to the unfilled benchmark. Most importantly, the eggshell-filled vulcanizates showed improved resistance to thermo-oxidative aging compared to the unfilled NR.
Collapse
|
4
|
Skórczewska K, Lewandowski K, Szewczykowski P, Wilczewski S, Szulc J, Stopa P, Nowakowska P. Waste Eggshells as a Natural Filler for the Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204372. [PMID: 36297950 PMCID: PMC9609146 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the characteristics of unplasticized PVC composites modified with biofiller obtained from the waste eggshells of hen eggs. The composites obtained by extrusion contained from 10 phr to 40 phr of biofiller. The filler was characterized using the SEM, TG, and sieve analysis methods. The influence of the filler on the processing properties was determined using plastographometric and MFR tests. Fundamental analysis of mechanical properties was also performed, i.e., Charpy impact strength and determination of tensile properties. The mechanical properties were supported with dynamical mechanical thermal analysis, time of thermal stability, and thermogravimetric analysis. Structure analysis was also performed using SEM and X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The processing properties of the tested composites do not give grounds for disqualifying such material from traditional processing PVC mixtures. Notably, the biofiller significantly improves thermal stability. Ground eggshells (ES) work as scavengers for the Cl radicals released in the first stage, which delays the PVC chain’s decay. Additionally, a significant increase in the value of the modulus of elasticity and softening point (VST) of the composites concerning PVC was found. Ground hen eggshells can be used as an effective filler for PVC composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Department of Polymer Technology and Protective Coatings, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Lewandowski
- Department of Polymer Technology and Protective Coatings, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Piotr Szewczykowski
- Department of Manufacturing Techniques, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Sławomir Wilczewski
- Department of Polymer Technology and Protective Coatings, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szulc
- Department of Polymer Technology and Protective Coatings, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Stopa
- Department of Polymer Technology and Protective Coatings, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Nowakowska
- Department of Polymer Technology and Protective Coatings, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kerru N, Gummidi L, Maddila S, Jonnalagadda SB. Ultrasound-Mediated Green Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Benzothiazole[3,2- a]Pyrimidine Derivatives through a Multicomponent Reaction. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1867204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lalitha Gummidi
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Suresh Maddila
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bahadi R, Berredjem M, Redjemia R, Bouacida S, Amamra R, Meziani O, Zerrad C, Laichi Y, Bachari K, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Bouzina A. A green and novel method for the preparation of α-aminophosphonates using eggshell as catalyst. X-ray study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2085274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Bahadi
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar – Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar – Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Rayenne Redjemia
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar – Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Sofiane Bouacida
- Unité de Recherche de Chimie de L’Environnement et Moléculaire Structurale, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-chimiques (CRAPC), Bou-Ismail, Algeria
| | - Roumaissa Amamra
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar – Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Ouafa Meziani
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar – Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Chaima Zerrad
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar – Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Yacine Laichi
- Département des Sciences de La Matiére, Université Larbi Ben M'Hidi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Khaldoun Bachari
- Département des Sciences de La Matiére, Université Larbi Ben M'Hidi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | | | - Abdeslem Bouzina
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar – Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sonali Anantha IS, Kerru N, Maddila S, Jonnalagadda SB. Recent Progresses in the Multicomponent Synthesis of Dihydropyridines by Applying Sustainable Catalysts Under Green Conditions. Front Chem 2021; 9:800236. [PMID: 34993177 PMCID: PMC8724676 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.800236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of dihydropyridines, valuable molecules with diverse therapeutic properties, using eco-friendly heterogeneous catalysts as a green alternative received significant consideration. By selecting appropriate precursors, these compounds can be readily modified to induce the desired properties in the target product. This review focused on synthesising diverse dihydropyridine derivatives in single-pot reactions using magnetic, silica, and zirconium-based heterogeneous catalytic systems. The monograph describes preparation techniques for various catalyst materials in detail. It covers facile and benign magnetic, silica, zirconium-based, and ionic liquid catalysts, exhibiting significant efficacy and consistently facilitating excellent yields in short reaction times and in a cost-effective way. Most of the designated protocols employ Hantzsch reactions involving substituted aldehydes, active methylene compounds, and ammonium acetate. These reactions presumably follow Knoevenagel condensation followed by Michael addition and intra-molecular cyclisation. The multicomponent one-pot protocols using green catalysts and solvents have admirably increased the product selectivity and yields while minimising the reaction time. These sustainable catalyst materials retain their viability for several cycles reducing the expenditure are eco-friendly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaraju Kerru
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM University, Bengaluru, India
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban, South Africa
| | - Suresh Maddila
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Madhavi C, Ganja H, Kerru N, Maddila S, Jonnalagadda SB. Synthesis of a sustainable heterogeneous catalyst, titanium dioxide‐loaded hydroxyapatite for functionalised chromen‐dihydropyridines under green conditions. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Challa Madhavi
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Sciences GITAM University Visakhapatnam India
| | - Himavathi Ganja
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Sciences GITAM University Visakhapatnam India
| | - Nagaraju Kerru
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science GITAM University, Bengaluru Campus Doddaballapura India
| | - Suresh Maddila
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Sciences GITAM University Visakhapatnam India
- School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu‐Natal, Westville Campus Durban South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ganta RK, Kerru N, Maddila S, Jonnalagadda SB. Advances in Pyranopyrazole Scaffolds' Syntheses Using Sustainable Catalysts-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:3270. [PMID: 34071629 PMCID: PMC8199150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis plays a crucial role in many chemical processes, including advanced organic preparations and the design and synthesis of new organic moieties. Efficient and sustainable catalysts are vital to ecological and fiscal viability. This is why green multicomponent reaction (MCR) approaches have gained prominence. Owing to a broad range of pharmacological applications, pyranopyrazole syntheses (through the one-pot strategy, employing sustainable heterogeneous catalysts) have received immense attention. This review aimed to emphasise recent developments in synthesising nitrogen-based fused heterocyclic ring frameworks, exploring diverse recyclable catalysts. The article focused on the synthetic protocols used between 2010 and 2020 using different single, bi- and tri-metallic materials and nanocomposites as reusable catalysts. This review designated the catalysts' efficacy and activity in product yields, reaction time, and reusability. The MCR green methodologies (in conjunction with recyclable catalyst materials) proved eco-friendly and ideal, with a broad scope that could feasibly lead to advancements in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Ganta
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India; (R.K.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Nagaraju Kerru
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Bengaluru Campus, GITAM University, Karnataka 561203, India;
- School of Chemistry & Physics, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Chiltern Hills, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Suresh Maddila
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India; (R.K.G.); (S.M.)
- School of Chemistry & Physics, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Chiltern Hills, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Chiltern Hills, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes, N-acetylation of arylamines, and one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes using carbon-supported palladium catalytic system in water. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Kerru N, Maddila S, Jonnalagadda SB. A Facile and Catalyst-Free Microwave-Promoted Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of Functionalised 1,4-Dihydropyridines With Superb Selectivity and Yields. Front Chem 2021; 9:638832. [PMID: 33869142 PMCID: PMC8044462 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.638832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a highly efficient green protocol for developing a novel library of 1,2,4-triazole-tagged 1,4-dihydropyridine analogs through the one-pot process from the four-component fusion of the 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine with different chosen aldehydes, diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and active methylene compounds in a water medium under microwave irradiation and catalyst-free conditions. Excellent yields (94-97%) of the target products were achieved with high selectivity with a short reaction time (<12 min) at room temperature. The structures of the synthesized pyrimidine analogs were established by NMR and HRMS spectroscopic analysis. Simple workup, impressive yields, no column chromatography, green solvent, rapid reaction, and excellent functional group tolerance are the benefits of this protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) University, Bengaluru, India
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Suresh Maddila
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Sciences, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kerru N, Gummidi L, Maddila S, Jonnalagadda SB. A Review of Recent Advances in the Green Synthesis of Azole- and Pyran-based Fused Heterocycles Using MCRs and Sustainable Catalysts. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201020204620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur-containing fused heterocycles are of great importance
because of their exciting and diverse biological activities. The construction of the carbonnitrogen
and carbon-oxygen through a multicomponent reaction approach by using ecofriendly
reusable heterogeneous catalysts are of significant importance as it opens avenues for
the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen in organic molecules. Thus, green methodologies
have gained particular significance in this field; today, green chemistry is considered a tool
for introducing sustainable concepts at the fundamental level. This review emphasizes and
discusses the current progress on the applications of eco-friendly, recyclable heterogeneous
catalysts for the synthesis of different heterocyclic fused systems and their green protocols.
We paid particular attention to the specific integration of carbon-nitrogen, and carbon-oxygen
bond-forming fused heterocycles by a one-pot approach by evaluating the literature between 2012 and the middle of
2020. The efficiency of the catalyst is assessed in terms of reaction time, yield and possible reusability. The MCR and
heterogeneous catalyst strategies have demonstrated broader scope, economical and viability for the green and sustainable
processes in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Lalitha Gummidi
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban-4000,, South Africa
| | - Suresh Maddila
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban-4000,, South Africa
| | - Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban-4000,, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baláž M, Boldyreva EV, Rybin D, Pavlović S, Rodríguez-Padrón D, Mudrinić T, Luque R. State-of-the-Art of Eggshell Waste in Materials Science: Recent Advances in Catalysis, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Mechanochemistry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:612567. [PMID: 33585413 PMCID: PMC7873488 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.612567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggshell waste is among the most abundant waste materials coming from food processing technologies. Despite the unique properties that both its components (eggshell, ES, and eggshell membrane, ESM) possess, it is very often discarded without further use. This review article aims to summarize the recent reports utilizing eggshell waste for very diverse purposes, stressing the need to use a mechanochemical approach to broaden its applications. The most studied field with regards to the potential use of eggshell waste is catalysis. Upon proper treatment, it can be used for turning waste oils into biodiesel and moreover, the catalytic effect of eggshell-based material in organic synthesis is also very beneficial. In inorganic chemistry, the eggshell membrane is very often used as a templating agent for nanoparticles production. Such composites are suitable for application in photocatalysis. These bionanocomposites are also capable of heavy metal ions reduction and can be also used for the ozonation process. The eggshell and its membrane are applicable in electrochemistry as well. Due to the high protein content and the presence of functional groups on the surface, ESM can be easily converted to a high-performance electrode material. Finally, both ES and ESM are suitable for medical applications, as the former can be used as an inexpensive Ca2+ source for the development of medications, particles for drug delivery, organic matrix/mineral nanocomposites as potential tissue scaffolds, food supplements and the latter for the treatment of joint diseases, in reparative medicine and vascular graft producing. For the majority of the above-mentioned applications, the pretreatment of the eggshell waste is necessary. Among other options, the mechanochemical pretreatment has found an inevitable place. Since the publication of the last review paper devoted to the mechanochemical treatment of eggshell waste, a few new works have appeared, which are reviewed here to underline the sustainable character of the proposed methodology. The mechanochemical treatment of eggshell is capable of producing the nanoscale material which can be further used for bioceramics synthesis, dehalogenation processes, wastewater treatment, preparation of hydrophobic filters, lithium-ion batteries, dental materials, and in the building industry as cement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Baláž
- Department of Mechanochemistry, Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Rybin
- Udmurt Federal Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia
- Mezomax Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Pavlović
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tihana Mudrinić
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|