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Li J, Liu MK, Li QS, Li ZS. Theoretical study on the photochemistry of furoylazides: Curtius rearrangement and subsequent reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28317-28324. [PMID: 33300534 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic azides are an efficient source of nitrenes, which serve as vigorous intermediates in many useful organic reactions. In this work, the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and its second-order perturbation (CASPT2) methods were employed to study the photochemistry of 2-furoylazide 1 and 3-furoylazide 5, including the Curtius rearrangement to two furylisocyanates (3 and 7) and subsequent reactions to the final product cyanoacrolein 9. Our calculations show that the photoinduced Curtius rearrangement of the two furoylazides takes place through similar stepwise mechanisms via two bistable furoylnitrenes 2 and 6. However, the decarbonylation and ring-opening process of 7 to 9 prefers a stepwise mechanism involving the 3-furoylnitrene intermediate 8, while 3 to 9 goes in a concerted asynchronous way without the corresponding 2-furoylnitrene intermediate 4. Importantly, we revealed that several conical intersections play key roles in the photochemistry of furoylazides. Our results are not only consistent and also make clear the experimental observations (X. Zeng, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, 140, 10-13), but additionally provide important information on the chemistry of furoylazides and nitrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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2
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Shi S, Yao C, Cen J, Li L, Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. High-Fidelity End-Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Using Stable and Potent Carbamate Linkages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18172-18178. [PMID: 32643249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Commercial PEG-amine is of unreliable quality, and conventional PEG functionalization relies on esterification and etherification steps, suffering from incomplete conversion, harsh reaction conditions, and functional-group incompatibility. To solve these challenges, we propose an efficient strategy for PEG functionalization with carbamate linkages. By fine-tuning terminal amine basicity, stable and high-fidelity PEG-amine with carbamate linkage was obtained, as seen from the clean MALDI-TOF MS pattern. The carbamate strategy was further applied to the synthesis of high-fidelity multi-functionalized PEG with varying reactive groups. Compared to with an ester linkage, amphiphilic PEG-PS block copolymers bearing carbamate junction linkage exhibits preferential self-assembly tendency into vesicles. Moreover, nanoparticles of the latter demonstrate higher drug loading efficiency, encapsulation stability against enzymatic hydrolysis, and improved in vivo retention at the tumor region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Chenzhi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Jie Cen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Lei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
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Shi S, Yao C, Cen J, Li L, Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. High‐Fidelity End‐Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Using Stable and Potent Carbamate Linkages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Chenzhi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Jie Cen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Lei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
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Zabalov MV, Levina MA, Tiger RP. Polyurethanes without Isocyanates and Isocyanates without Phosgene as a New Field of Green Chemistry: Mechanism, Catalysis, and Control of Reactivity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Xie BB, Cui CX, Fang WH, Cui G. Photoinduced Curtius rearrangements of fluorocarbonyl azide, FC(O)N 3: a QM/MM nonadiabatic dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19363-19372. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02651c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Upon either photolysis or pyrolysis, carbonyl azide can eliminate molecular nitrogen along with the formation of isocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Hangzhou 311231
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology
- Xinxiang 453003
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Hangzhou 311231
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
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Peng XL, Ding WL, Li QS, Li ZS. Theoretical insights into photo-induced Curtius rearrangement of chlorodifluoroacetyl azide. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of photo-induced Curtius rearrangement is a two-step reaction with a nitrene intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
| | - Wei-Lu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
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Ilangovan A, Sakthivel P, Sakthivel P. Green and practical transition metal-free one-pot conversion of substituted benzoic acids to anilines using tosyl azide. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00343e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method for conversion of 2-iodo/2-nitro benzoic acids and dihydropyranone-fused benzoic acids into corresponding anilines, using tosyl azide, under transition metal-free conditions was developed. Steric and electronic effects play crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andivelu Ilangovan
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
| | | | - Pandaram Sakthivel
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
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El-Sherief HAH, Hozien ZA, El-Mahdy AFM, Sarhan AAO. Intramolecular cyclization of Mannich reaction for synthesis of pyrimido[2,1-b]-1,3,5-tiadiazines. J Heterocycl Chem 2010; 47:1294-1302. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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