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Sigida EN, Zdorovenko EL, Shashkov AS, Dmitrenok AS, Kondyurina NK, Konnova SA, Fedonenko YP. Structural studies of the O polysaccharides from the lipopolysaccharides of Azospirillum thiophilum BV-S T and Azospirillum griseum L-25-5w-1 T. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109089. [PMID: 38513463 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Diazotrophic bacteria of the genus Azospirillum are known widely, because they are ubiquitous in the rhizosphere and can promote the growth and performance of nonlegume plants. Recently, more Azospirillum species have been isolated from sources other than plants or soil. We report the structures of the O polysaccharides (OPSs) from the lipopolysaccharides of the type strains A. thiophilum BV-ST (1) and A. griseum L-25-5w-1T (2), isolated from aquatic environments. Both structures have a common tetrarhamnan in the repeating-unit, which is decorated with a side xylose in the OPS of A. thiophilum BV-ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Sigida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Evelina L Zdorovenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey S Dmitrenok
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia K Kondyurina
- Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Konnova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Yulia P Fedonenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
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Guliy OI, Zaitsev BD, Smirnov AV, Karavaeva OA, Burygin GL, Borodina IA. Microwave resonator-based sensor system for specific antibody detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124613. [PMID: 37119881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
An antibody-detecting sensor is described that is based on a microwave electrodynamic resonator. A polystyrene film with immobilized bacteria deposited on a lithium niobate plate was placed at one end of the resonator and was used as the sensing element. The second end was electrically shorted. The frequency and depth of the reflection coefficient S11 for three resonances in the range 6.5-8.5 GHz were used as an analytical signal to examine antibody interactions with bacteria and determine the time required for cell immobilization. The sensor distinguished between situations in which bacteria interacted with specific antibodies and those in which no such interaction occurred (control). Although the cell-antibody interaction changed the frequency and depth of the second and third resonance peaks, the parameters of the first resonance peak did not change. The interaction of cells with nonspecific antibodies did not change the parameters of any of the peaks. These results are promising for use in the design of methods to detect specific antibodies, which can supplement the existing methods of antibody analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I Guliy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms - Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia.
| | - Boris D Zaitsev
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
| | - Andrey V Smirnov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Olga A Karavaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms - Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - Gennady L Burygin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms - Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - Irina A Borodina
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
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Sigida EN, Grinev VS, Zdorovenko EL, Dmitrenok AS, Burygin GL, Kondurina NK, Konnova SA, Fedonenko YP. O-Antigens of Azospirillum zeae N7(T), Azospirillum melinis TMCY 0552(T), and Azospirillum palustre B2(T): Structure Elucidation and Analysis of Biosynthesis Genes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sigida EN, Shashkov AS, Zdorovenko EL, Konnova SA, Fedonenko YP. Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide from Azospirillum formosense CC-Nfb-7(T). Carbohydr Res 2020; 494:108060. [PMID: 32569849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide was obtained from the cells of Azospirillum formosense CC-Nfb-7(T), a diazotrophic bacterium isolated from agricultural soil. The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) was released by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and was studied by sugar analysis along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 1H,1H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, 1H,13C HSQC, and HMBC experiments, and Smith degradation. The following structure of partially methylated OPS composed of trisaccharide repeating units was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Sigida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evelina L Zdorovenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Konnova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Yulia P Fedonenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
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Turkovskaya OV, Golubev SN. The Collection of Rhizosphere Microorganisms: its importance for the study of associative plant-bacterium interactions. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:315-324. [PMID: 33659814 PMCID: PMC7716537 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial culture collections are very important components of biological science. They provide researchers with material for studies and preserve biological resources. One such collection is the Collection of Rhizosphere Microorganisms, kept at the Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov (IBPPM). Its activity is primarily directed toward the isolation and preservation of microorganisms from the plant root zone. The international research interest in microorganisms from this ecological niche is not waning, because they are very important for plant growth and development and, consequently, for plant breeding. The group of bacteria with properties of significance for plants has been given the name "plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria" (PGPR). This group includes nitrogen-fixing soil alpha-proteobacteria of the genus Azospirillum, which form the core of the IBPPM collection. First discovered by Brazilian scientists in the 1970s, azospirilla are now a universally recognized model object for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-bacterium interactions. The broad range of useful properties found in these microorganisms, including the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, production of phytohormones, solubilization of phosphates, control of pathogens, and formation of induced systemic resistance in the colonized plants, make these bacteria an all-purpose tool that has been used for several decades in basic and applied research. This article reviews the current state of Azospirillum research, with emphasis on the results obtained at the IBPPM. Scientific expeditions across the Saratov region undertaken by IBPPM microbiologists in the early 1980s formed the basis for the unique collection of members of this bacterial taxon. Currently, the collection has more than 160 Azospirillum strains and is one of the largest collections in Europe. The research conducted at the IBPPM is centered mostly on the Azospirillum structures involved in associative symbiosis with plants, primarily extracellular polysaccharide-containing complexes and lectins. The development of immunochemical methods contributed much to our understanding of the overall organization of the surface of rhizosphere bacteria. The extensive studies of the Azospirillum genome largely deepened our understanding of the role of the aforesaid bacterial structures, motility, and biofilms in the colonization of host plant roots. Of interest are also applied studies focusing on agricultural and environmental technologies and on the "green" synthesis of Au, Ag, and Se nanoparticles. The Collection of Rhizosphere Microorganisms continues to grow, being continually supplemented with newly isolated strains. The data presented in this article show the great importance of specialized microbial culture repositories, such as the IBPPM collection, for the development and maintenance of the microbial research base and for the effective solution of basic and applied tasks in microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Turkovskaya
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - S N Golubev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
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Sigida EN, Fedonenko YP, Shashkov AS, Zdorovenko EL, Konnova SA, Knirel YA. Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Azospirillum doebereinerae type strain GSF71 T. Carbohydr Res 2019; 478:54-57. [PMID: 31054383 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
O-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria Azospirillum doebereinerae GSF71T and studied by sugar analysis along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D 1H,1H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, 1H,13C HSQC, and HMBC experiments. It was established that the polysaccharide is linear and consists of tetrasaccharide repeating units with the following structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Sigida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, 410049, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Yuliya P Fedonenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, 410049, Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evelina L Zdorovenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Konnova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, 410049, Saratov, Russia; Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Structural studies of O-specific polysaccharide(s) and biological activity toward plants of the lipopolysaccharide from Azospirillum brasilense SR8. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:246-253. [PMID: 30590146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted from dry bacterial cells of plant-growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense SR8 (IBPPM 5). The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by sugar analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 1H,1H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, and 1H,13C HSQC and HMBC experiments, computational NMR-based structure analysis, and Smith degradation. The OPS was shown to contain two types of repeating units of the following structure: Both OPS structures are present in A. brasilense 54, from which structure 1 has been reported earlier (Fedonenko et al., 2011), whereas to our knowledge structure 2 has not been hitherto found in bacterial saccharides. Treatment of wheat seedling roots with LPS of A. brasilense SR8 increased the number of root hair deformations as compared to seedlings grown without LPS, but had no effect on adsorption of the bacteria to the root surface. A. brasilense SR8 was able to utilize LPS of several structurally related Azospirillum strains.
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Guliy OI, Zaitsev BD, Borodina IA, Burygin GL, Karavaeva OA, Semyonov AP. Analysis of the microbial cell-Ab binding in buffer solution by the piezoelectric resonator. Anal Biochem 2018; 554:53-60. [PMID: 29870693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of the registration of the interaction of the cells Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b with the specific antibodies directly in the conducting suspensions by using an acoustic sensor was shown. The main element of the sensor is a piezoelectric resonator with a lateral electric field. The analysis is based on a comparison of the resonator's electrical impedance before and after the specific biological interaction between the cells and antibodies. By using this sensor one can detect and identify the bacterial cells directly in the buffer solution with the conductivity between 2.4 and 20 μS/cm. The minimum detectable concentration of the bacterial cells turned out to be ∼103 cells/ml and for a short time (less than 10 min). Also the possibility of the detection of the cells in the presence of the extraneous microflora was shown. The results provide the opportunities for the development of a new class of the methods for the analysis of the microbial cells in real-time directly in the buffer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Guliy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, RAS, 13 Prospect Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Saratov, 410012, Russia.
| | - B D Zaitsev
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, Saratov, 410019, Russia
| | - I A Borodina
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, Saratov, 410019, Russia
| | - G L Burygin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, RAS, 13 Prospect Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - O A Karavaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, RAS, 13 Prospect Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - A P Semyonov
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, Saratov, 410019, Russia
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Sigida EN, Fedonenko YP, Shashkov AS, Konnova SA, Ignatov VV. Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide from Azospirillum fermentarium CC-LY743 T. Carbohydr Res 2018; 465:40-43. [PMID: 29929051 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
O-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum fermentarium CC-LY743T (IBPPM 578) and was studied by sugar analysis along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 1H,1H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, and 1H,13C HSQC and HMBC experiments. The polysaccharide was found to be linear and to consist of alterating α-l-fucose and α-d-mannose residues in tetrasaccharide repeating units of the following structure: →2)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 3)-α-L-Fucp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 3)-α-L-Fucp-(1→.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Sigida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia.
| | - Yuliya P Fedonenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Konnova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; N. G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Ignatov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia
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Abronina PI, Zinin AI, Romashin DA, Tereshina VV, Chizhov AO, Kononov LO. Application of a Janus aglycon with dual function in benzyl-free synthesis of spacer-armed oligosaccharide fragments of polysaccharides from rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense sp7. Carbohydr Res 2018; 464:28-43. [PMID: 29803733 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both protective and pre-spacer features of 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl (CEP) aglycon, which belong to the class of Janus aglycons, were engaged in a benzyl-free synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of polysaccharides from rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense sp7. Introduction of α-1,4-linked L-fucose residue was performed using 3,4-di-O-benzoyl-2-O-triisopropylsilyl-α-L-fucopyranosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate in excellent stereoselectivity and high yields. The obtained deprotected di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides contain 4-(2-azidoethoxy)phenyl (AEP) spacer aglycon, which allows straightforward preparation of neoglycoconjugates that will be used for the study of the role of lipopolysaccharide of rhizobacterium A. brasilense sp7 in plant-microbe symbiosis. The intermediate protected oligosaccharide building blocks with cleavable CEP/AEP aglycons have a strong potential for further application in the synthesis of more complex oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina I Abronina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis A Romashin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria V Tereshina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Abronina PI, Burygin GL, Kononov LO. Syntheses of O-antigen polysaccharide fragments of nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria of the genus Azospirillum. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Yevstigneyeva SS, Sigida EN, Fedonenko YP, Konnova SA, Ignatov VV. Structural properties of capsular and O-specific polysaccharides of Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 under varying cultivation conditions. Microbiology (Reading) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261716060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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