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Zorn E, Knaack JIH, Burmeister N, Scharnagl N, Rohnke M, Wicha SG, Maison W. Contact-Biocide TiO 2 Surfaces by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Chemically Stable Phosphonate Initiators. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37490748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is a powerful tool for grafting functional polymers from metal surfaces. It depends on the immobilization of suitable initiators on the surface before radical polymerization. Herein, we report a set of bifunctional initiators bearing a phosphonic acid group for surface binding and a bromoisobutyramide moiety for SI-ATRP. We have analyzed the impact of the connecting alkyl spacers on the grafting process of (vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) from titanium as a base material. The thickness of the grafted polymer increased with the spacer length of the initiator. We obtained chemically stable polycationic surfaces with high charge densities of ∼1016 N+/cm2 leading to efficient contact activity of modified titanium coupons against S. aureus. Notably, SI-ATRP grafting was efficient with VBTAC as a styrene-derived ammonium compound. Thus, the reported protocol avoids post-grafting quaternization with toxic alkylating reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilika Zorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Iven H Knaack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Burmeister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nico Scharnagl
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian G Wicha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Doroshenko IA, Aminulla KG, Azev VN, Kulinich TM, Vasilichin VA, Shtil AA, Podrugina TA. Synthesis of modified conformationally fixed tricarbocyanine dyes for conjugation with therapeutic agents. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Podrugina TA, Pavlova AS, Doroshenko IA, Kuz’min VA, Kostyukov AA, Shtil’ AA. Synthesis and photophysical properties of conformationally fixed tricarbocyanines with phosphonate groups. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Freidus LG, Pradeep P, Kumar P, Choonara YE, Pillay V. Alternative fluorophores designed for advanced molecular imaging. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:115-133. [PMID: 29111179 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent molecular imaging has advanced drastically over the past decade. With the development of high-resolution microscopy techniques and the ability to visualize intracellular molecular events, there is a growing need for new fluorophores to accompany these fast-developing techniques. Therefore, there has been substantial development of alternative fluorophores for single-molecule detection and molecular imaging. These rationally designed fluorophores have infinite possibilities and novel fluorophores are constantly being produced for different applications. This review focuses on the recent developments in novel fluorophores designed for molecular imaging and single-molecule detection. Here, single-molecule imaging, smart fluorescent probes, two-photon microscopy, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and super-resolution microscopy are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara G Freidus
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Priyamvada Pradeep
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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