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İlhan B, Gürses BO, Güneri P. Addressing Inequalities in Science: The Role of Language Learning Models in Bridging the Gap. Int Dent J 2024; 74:657-660. [PMID: 38599934 PMCID: PMC11287170 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Betül İlhan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Barış Oğuz Gürses
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Güneri
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Naidu T, Cartmill C, Swanepoel S, Whitehead CR. Shapeshifters: Global South scholars and their tensions in border-crossing to Global North journals. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014420. [PMID: 38724078 PMCID: PMC11029397 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global South researchers struggle to publish in Global North journals, including journals dedicated to research on health professions education (HPE). As a consequence, Western perspectives and values dominate the international academic landscape of HPE. This study sought to understand Global South researchers' motivations and experiences of publishing in Global North journals. METHODS This study used a hermeneutic phenomenological perspective. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 11 authors from 6 Global South countries. Interview transcripts were analysed through a process of familiarisation, identifying significant statements, formulating meanings, clustering themes, developing exhaustive descriptions, producing a fundamental structure and seeking verification. RESULTS Participants described being motivated by local institutional expectations, to improve reputation, to meet Global North perceptions of quality and to draw attention to their Global South context. Participants described experiences where their work was deemed irrelevant to Global North audiences, they were unable to interpret rejections and had learnt to play the publishing game by attending to both local and global imperatives. These motivations and experiences revealed several practical, academic and transformational tensions that Global South authors faced. CONCLUSION The tensions and negotiations encountered by Global South authors who publish in HPE journals reflect a 'border consciousness' whereby authors must shift consciousness, or become 'shapeshifters', inhabiting two or more worlds as they cross borders between the Global South and Global North conventions. There is an added burden and risk in performing this shapeshifting, as Global South authors stand astride the borders of two worlds without belonging fully to either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirusha Naidu
- Behavioural Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
- Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Carrie Cartmill
- The Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sunitha Swanepoel
- University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa
| | - Cynthia Ruth Whitehead
- The Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cui J, Qiu C, Wang Z. Publishing in English or Chinese: a qualitative analysis of Chinese researchers' academic language choice. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1249857. [PMID: 37799525 PMCID: PMC10547893 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-native language scholars often struggle to choose between English and their native language in scholarly publishing. This study aims to identify the mechanism by which journal attributes influence language choice by investigating the perspectives of 18 Chinese scholars through semi-structured interviews. Drawing on grounded theory, this study develops a model for how journal attributes influence researchers' language preferences. We find that journal attributes influence researchers' perceived value which, in turn, affects their particular language choice, with contextual factors playing a moderating role. By examining the motivations underlying Chinese scholars' language choice, this study provides a critical understanding of the factors shaping their decision-making processes. These findings have significant implications for Chinese scholars, policymakers, and journal operators, shedding light on the issue of discrimination in academic publishing. Addressing these concerns is crucial for fostering a fair and inclusive academic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changbo Qiu
- School of Business and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wondimagegn D, Whitehead CR, Cartmill C, Rodrigues E, Correia A, Salessi Lins T, Costa MJ. Faster, higher, stronger - together? A bibliometric analysis of author distribution in top medical education journals. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e011656. [PMID: 37321659 PMCID: PMC10367082 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical education and medical education research are growing industries that have become increasingly globalised. Recognition of the colonial foundations of medical education has led to a growing focus on issues of equity, absence and marginalisation. One area of absence that has been underexplored is that of published voices from low-income and middle-income countries. We undertook a bibliometric analysis of five top medical education journals to determine which countries were absent and which countries were represented in prestigious first and last authorship positions. METHODS Web of Science was searched for all articles and reviews published between 2012 and 2021 within Academic Medicine, Medical Education, Advances in Health Sciences Education, Medical Teacher, and BMC Medical Education. Country of origin was identified for first and last author of each publication, and the number of publications originating from each country was counted. RESULTS Our analysis revealed a dominance of first and last authors from five countries: USA, Canada, UK, Netherlands and Australia. Authors from these five countries had first or last authored 70% of publications. Of the 195 countries in the world, 43% (approximately 83) were not represented by a single publication. There was an increase in the percentage of publications from outside of these five countries from 23% in 2012 to 40% in 2021. CONCLUSION The dominance of wealthy nations within spaces that claim to be international is a finding that requires attention. We draw on analogies from modern Olympic sport and our own collaborative research process to show how academic publishing continues to be a colonised space that advantages those from wealthy and English-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Wondimagegn
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Cynthia Ruth Whitehead
- The Wilson Centre, University Health Network and Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carrie Cartmill
- The Wilson Centre, University Health Network and Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eloy Rodrigues
- Documentation and Library Services, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Antónia Correia
- Documentation and Library Services, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tiago Salessi Lins
- Department of Health Promotion, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil
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Zeng J, Ponce AR, Li Y. English linguistic neo-imperialism in the era of globalization: A conceptual viewpoint. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1149471. [PMID: 36968741 PMCID: PMC10032042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1149471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As Phillipson warned, "[l]inguistic imperialism [is] alive and kicking" and has become even more subtle in an era when English has become the global lingua franca. With this, this conceptual paper aims to propose features of linguistic neo-imperialism by describing how English has continuously spread and retained its power in various domains particularly in periphery countries, whether ex-colonies or non-colonies. Broadly, we highlight these features from the aspects of communication, business, academia, and education. The features of English linguistic neo-imperialism are interrelated and interactive in these fields, reinforcing the current dominant position of English. We then proceed with drawing implications for the local languages, particularly in their preservation and use alongside English and other dominant lingua francas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zeng,
| | - Ariel Robert Ponce
- College of Arts and Letters, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yuxin Li
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
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How much does a Ph.D. scholarship program impact an emerging economy research performance? Scientometrics 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-022-04487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Csomós G. A critical review of the proposed academic performance indicators for the assessment of individual researchers in Hungary. COLLNET JOURNAL OF SCIENTOMETRICS AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09737766.2022.2106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- György Csomós
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Debrecen, 2-4 Otemeto u., Debrecen, 4028, Hungary
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On the possibilities of presenting the research performance of an institute over a long period of time: the case of the Institute of Information Science at the University of Graz in Austria. Scientometrics 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-022-04377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate how the research performance of a university institute (department) over a long period of time can be presented and evaluated. Using the example of an information science institute at a German-speaking university, namely the (former) Institute of Information Science at the University of Graz in Austria, we present the research performance of this institute over the entire duration of its existence (33 years) in different ways. In order to be able to contextualize its performance, we compare it with that of some related institutions from all over the world. Due to the high effort involved in collecting data and the lack of data availability, the comparison must be limited to a period of a few years and—with regard to the institutions from non-German-speaking countries—to the Web of Science as data source. In this international comparison, the institute in the focus of the study shows relatively poor results. As can be seen, the choice of the data source has a major influence on the evaluation results. Especially for institutes from non-English-speaking countries with publications in their respective national languages, an exclusive use of international databases, such as Web of Science or Scopus, cannot fully consider the whole research performance. The use of personal publication lists or local research databases seems almost indispensable in these cases. A major novelty of this article is the handling of a very long evaluation period and the discussion of different ways of subdividing it. With regard to the presentation of the results, in the case of a long observation period, not only should annual and overall results be presented, but also multi-year comparisons be performed. In this way, year-by-year fluctuations can be smoothed out, and longer-term developments can be well represented.
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Global visibility of nationally published research output: the case of the post-Soviet region. Scientometrics 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-022-04326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vandewalle E, Guns R, Engels TCE. The Uptake and Impact of a Label for Peer-Reviewed Books. Front Res Metr Anal 2022; 6:746452. [PMID: 35059553 PMCID: PMC8764393 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2021.746452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the uptake of the GPRC label (Guaranteed Peer Reviewed Content label) since its introduction in 2010 until 2019. GPRC is a label for books that have been peer reviewed introduced by the Flemish publishers association. The GPRC label allows locally published scholarly books to be included in the regional database for the Social Sciences and Humanities which is used in the Flemish performance-based research funding system. Ten years after the start of the GPRC label, this is the first systematic analysis of the uptake of the label. We use a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. Our two main data sources are the Flemish regional database for the Social Sciences and Humanities, which currently includes 2,580 GPRC-labeled publications, and three interviews with experts on the GPRC label. Firstly, we study the importance of the label in the Flemish performance-based research funding system. Secondly, we analyse the label in terms of its possible effect on multilingualism and the local or international orientation of publications. Thirdly, we analyse to what extent the label has been used by the different disciplines. Lastly, we discuss the potential implications of the label for the peer review process among book publishers. We find that the GPRC label is of limited importance to the Flemish performance-based research funding system. However, we also conclude that the label has a specific use for locally oriented book publications and in particular for the discipline Law. Furthermore, by requiring publishers to adhere to a formalized peer review procedure, the label affects the peer review practices of local publishers because not all book publishers were using a formal system of peer review before the introduction of the label and even at those publishers who already practiced peer review, the label may have required the publishers to make these procedures more uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Vandewalle
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Research and Development Monitoring (ECOOM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Mak KK, Scheer B, Yeh CH, Ohno S, Nam JK. Associations of Personality Traits with Internet Addiction: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis with a Multilingual Approach. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2021; 24:777-798. [PMID: 34788555 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With a novel multilingual approach, this cross-cultural meta-analysis study investigated the associations between personality traits and Internet addiction. Articles were identified and retrieved by searching through general and language-specific databases, and thereafter reviewed for inclusion based on the selection criteria. Random effects models with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method were used to examine the associations of Internet addiction with seven personality traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Psychoticism, and Lie (OCEAN-PL). Forest plots with summary statistics were produced to inspect the between-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was performed to further determine the contributions of moderators (geographic region, population subgroup, scales for assessing personality traits and Internet addiction, and language of publication) to the observed between-study heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to detect possible small-study effects. A sample of 34,438 participants from 37 studies (24 from Asia) were included for data analysis. The major languages of publications of the selected articles were English and Asian languages. According to the pooled results, Internet addiction was associated positively with Neuroticism and Psychoticism, but negatively with Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Lie. Geographic region and language of publication significantly moderated the associations of Internet addiction with Agreeableness and Neuroticism, and Openness and Extraversion, respectively. No significant small-study effect was present for all OCEAN-PL personality traits, except Neuroticism. In conclusion, the Internet addiction group is relatively more neurotic and psychotic, and less conscientious, extraverted, agreeable, and untruthful than the nonaddiction group. A multilingual approach is useful for improving the search strategies for systematic reviews, cross-cultural meta-analyses in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Kei Mak
- Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ben Scheer
- Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chen-Hui Yeh
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shiroh Ohno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - JeeEun Karin Nam
- Graduate School of Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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