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Kim EYY, Nelson LE, Pereira TLB, Shorey S. Barriers to and Facilitators of Help-Seeking Among Men Who are Victims of Domestic Violence: A Mixed-Studies Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2189-2203. [PMID: 37970823 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231209435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Domestic violence against men poses a significant threat to men's health and well-being and is increasingly being recognized as a public health issue. Unfortunately, men who are victims often struggle to disclose and report their abusive experiences. This review aims to examine and consolidate the evidence regarding the barriers to and facilitators of help-seeking behaviors of men who suffered from women-perpetrated domestic violence. A mixed-studies review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach. Nine electronic databases were searched from each database's inception until January 2023. The 23 included studies were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and their findings were synthesized using the Joanna Briggs Institute convergent qualitative synthesis method. An overarching theme, "Stuck in a loop and finding ways to move on," which encapsulated the predicament of victimized men in abusive relationships, was identified along with three main themes. Overall, a gender-biased perspective of domestic violence, personal fears, and familial factors hindered victimized men from reporting violence and seeking help. A multi-faceted approach-consisting of public education campaigns, sensitizing, and training help professionals, engendering "safe" environments, developing men-specific assessments, and reforming social and legal-justice processes-is needed to effectively address the gender-specific challenges faced by men who are victims of domestic violence and break the cycle of abuse, and improve formal and informal help-seeking in men who are victims of domestic abuse.
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Park S, Woo H, Kim SH. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Bystander's Barriers to Intervene in Gender-Based Violence and the Role of Failed Prior Attempts. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1998-2011. [PMID: 37902582 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231204887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive public health issue that harms victims. Bystanders' interventions are crucial in preventing the risks of GBV; however, numerous barriers impede their willingness and behaviors to intervene. As a part of efforts to thwart these barriers, this study used a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify such barriers and assess their impact on bystanders' engagement to intervene. The researchers explored academic databases and included 38 studies in the analysis; we extracted and coded the identified barriers (e.g., lack of responsibility, rape myth) and allocated them to six domains: failure to notice, failure to perceive risk, failure to take responsibility for engaging, lack of bystander efficacy/competency, failure to take an action, and failure of previous intervention attempts. We calculated the overall and domain-specific effect sizes (ES) and performed moderator analysis. The overall ES of the barriers identified in the review were small but statistically significant. The most potent bystander intervention barrier domain was failed previous intervention attempts; the greatest specific barriers therein were negative emotions and feelings of uncertainty after engaging in bystander behaviors. University/college populations were more vulnerable to barriers to intervention than community members. Moreover, the barriers were more prohibitive in incidents of violence against women and sexual assaults than in intimate partner violence. Bystander-focused programs that address negative emotions and feelings arising from prior intervention experiences are needed to foster continued bystander engagement and assistance in GBV; moreover, tailored program content should also be provided for groups most vulnerable to intervention barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunji Woo
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Levin L, Bhatti C. The role of dental professionals in identifying, reporting, and supporting domestic violence victims. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40 Suppl 2:3-9. [PMID: 37840419 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Domestic violence is a pervasive social issue affecting individuals across all demographics and has severe consequences for both the victims and society. Domestic violence is commonly defined as the exertion of power by one individual over another within a relationship, aiming to establish a sense of fear, control, and authority. The connection between domestic violence and oral health is established, with common oral health issues associated with domestic violence, such as dental trauma, head and neck bruises and injuries as well as facial fractures. Dental professionals play a crucial role in detecting signs of domestic violence by closely examining the head and neck region and the oral cavity during routine examinations. The significance of approaching patients suspected of experiencing domestic violence with sensitivity and empathy is of utmost importance. Recommendations include establishing trust, maintaining confidentiality, using open-ended questions, and providing information about local resources. Legal and ethical considerations are paramount, highlighting the obligations of dental professionals in cases of suspected domestic violence, including mandatory reporting laws and the balance between patient autonomy and safety. Challenges faced by dental professionals in reporting and intervening are discussed as well in this narrative review, emphasizing the importance of collaboration with other healthcare professionals and support services. This review underscores the vital role of dental care providers in recognizing signs of domestic violence, promoting intervention and support, and contributing to the well-being and safety of individuals impacted by domestic violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Levin
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Macken L, O Connell M. “Same crime, same sentence?” Disparities in laypersons’ sanctioning preferences for male and female offenders, and the link to respondent gender bias. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2156842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Rebbe R, Adhia A, Eastman AL, Chen M, Winn J. The Measurement of Intimate Partner Violence Using International Classification of Diseases Diagnostic Codes: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2165-2180. [PMID: 35506696 PMCID: PMC10711693 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is challenging to measure yet systematic surveillance of IPV is critical to informing public health prevention and response efforts. Administrative medical data provide opportunities for such surveillance, and often use the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The primary purpose of this systematic review was to document which ICD codes have been used in empirical literature to identify IPV, understand the justification used to select specific codes to develop IPV case definitions, and identify the data sources and types of research questions addressed by the existing literature. We searched 11 databases and of the initial 2182 results, 21 empirical studies from 2000 to 2020 met the study inclusion criteria including using ICD codes to measure IPV. The majority of these studies (90.5%) used either national samples of data or population-based administrative data from emergency departments (52.4%) or inpatient hospitalizations (38.1%). We found wide variation of ICD diagnostic codes to measure IPV and categorized the sets of codes used based on the number of codes. The most commonly used ICD-9 codes were E967.3, 995.81, 995.80, 995.85 and the most common ICD-10 codes were T74.1 and Z63.0. Few studies validated the ICD codes used to measure IPV. Most included studies (81.0%) answered epidemiological research questions. The current study provides suggestions for future research, including justifying the selection of ICD codes and providing a range of estimates based on narrow and broad sets of codes. Implications for policy and practice, including enhanced training for healthcare professionals in documenting IPV, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rebbe
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Avanti Adhia
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea Lane Eastman
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - May Chen
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jade Winn
- University of Southern California Libraries, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cohen-Louck K, Levy I, Rozmann N. A Model for Predicting Fear of Terrorism through Fear of Crime, Gender, Locus of Control and Coping Strategies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL ON CRIMINAL POLICY AND RESEARCH 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37361422 PMCID: PMC10150143 DOI: 10.1007/s10610-023-09540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the assumption that aspects of fear of crime (fear of rape and sense of insecurity) predict fear of terrorism. The online survey included 754 Israeli respondents, who answered questions about their demographic characteristics, fear of terrorism, fear of crime indicators (fear of rape and sense of insecurity), locus of control (LOC; internal and external), and coping strategies. The findings indicate that for women, higher belief in chance and fate, and powerful others (external LOC), higher sense of insecurity, and higher fear of rape were related to a higher fear of terrorism. For men, higher belief in chance and fate (external LOC), higher sense of insecurity, and higher fear of rape were related to a higher fear of terrorism. Furthermore, the effect of fear of rape on fear of terrorism was mediated by sense of insecurity. Our findings support the assumption that fear of crime shadows and affects fear of terrorism for men as well as women. Therefore, fear of rape should be addressed as a significant issue for both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inna Levy
- Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Zefat Academic College, 11 Jerusalem Street, 13206 Zefat, Israel
| | - Nir Rozmann
- Department of Criminology, Western Galilee College, Acre, Israel
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Idriss MM. Abused by the Patriarchy: Male Victims, Masculinity, "Honor"-Based Abuse and Forced Marriages. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP11905-NP11932. [PMID: 33631999 PMCID: PMC9251746 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521997928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The causes and effects of what is often referred to as "honor"-based violence/abuse (HBV/A) and forced marriages on men and boys is an under-researched field of patriarchal violence. This lack of research has resulted in an imperfect understanding of how and why men become victims of HBV/A and an absence of an effective theoretical framework in which to analyze their experiences. Through an examination of 29 Case Files obtained through a gender-neutral domestic abuse refuge charity in the East Midlands, the United Kingdom, this original research will explore the ways that men, particularly younger males and those who do not conform to cultural norms of masculinity, are harmed by patriarchal structures. In doing so, this article brings to light new data and adds to the patriarchal framework for understanding HBV/A and why it is committed against men. The results of this study reveal that the ways in which HBV/A and forced marriages were presented in the Case Files present both analogies to and distinctions with the infliction of Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) in similar circumstances. This discovery is important for several reasons: (a) it demonstrates that men and boys are harmed by patriarchy and that patriarchal theories of violence must therefore evolve to better recognize groups of male victims; (b) it provides a typological framework to identify the different types of male victims, the types of abuse and the perpetrators involved, including the involvement of mothers as primary and secondary perpetrators; and (c) that male victims require appropriate intervention and must be taken seriously by state agencies if men are to come forward and disclose abuse.
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Dai Z, Zheng Y. Chinese Newlyweds' Perception and Tolerance Toward Common and Severe Partner Aggression. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1981-1991. [PMID: 34916859 PMCID: PMC8670883 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s337263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to find the judgment demarcation points of Chinese newlyweds toward common and severe partner aggression, exploring the correlation of asymmetrical commitment and partner aggression tolerance, and revealing the gender differences in aggression tolerance. Materials and Methods We conducted two online questionnaire surveys with a total of 629 Chinese newlyweds. Specifically, data for group 1 were collected from 326 Chinese newlyweds for exploratory factor analysis of aggression normality, and data for group 2 from the remaining 303 couples were used for confirmatory factor analysis and inferential statistical analyses. Results Results showed that eight items representing non-physical aggression were regarded as common aggression, seven items indicating physical aggression were regarded as severe aggression, and one item was deleted because of disqualification in the exploratory factor analysis. Moreover, individuals showed greater tolerance toward common aggression compared with severe aggression. In terms of commitment, the 303 couples were divided into two groups: asymmetrically committed relationships (ACR) and non-asymmetrically committed relationships (non-ACRs). Through multilevel modeling, we found that couples in ACRs had a greater tolerance for common aggression. In addition, tolerance showed gender differences: husbands displayed a more tolerant attitude toward partner aggression, whether common or severe types. Conclusion The study found the demarcation points of aggression normality in Chinese newlyweds broadened the application of commitment in research on partner aggression and emphasized the importance of study of dyadic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongpei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Tirone V, Orlowska D, Lofgreen AM, Blais RK, Stevens NR, Klassen B, Held P, Zalta AK. The association between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among survivors of betrayal trauma: a meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1883925. [PMID: 33968319 PMCID: PMC8075088 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1883925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Betrayal traumas have a particularly deleterious effect on mental health. Although social support is a robust predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, it is not clear what factors may impact this relationship among betrayal trauma survivors. Objective: This study sought to describe the association between social support and PTSD symptom severity among survivors of betrayal trauma and examine whether methodological, sample, trauma, and social support characteristics moderated this association. Method: A comprehensive search identified 29 studies that assessed the cross-sectional association between PTSD symptom severity and social support among 6,510 adult betrayal trauma survivors. Results: The average effect size (r = -.25; 95% CI: -.30, -.20) was small to medium, with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 71.86). The association between PTSD and social support was stronger when the trauma was perpetrated by a romantic partner compared to mixed perpetrators, even after accounting for covariates. There was also a significant effect of support type depending on whether the support was provided in the context of trauma disclosure. Specifically, positive reactions to trauma disclosure were not associated with PTSD symptoms whereas general positive social support (not disclosure focused) was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms. Negative reactions to trauma disclosure were associated with more PTSD symptoms. None of the included studies measured general negative social support outside of trauma disclosure. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that social support may be a particularly important buffer against PTSD symptoms when experiencing traumatic betrayal by an intimate partner. Additionally, our results suggest that social support interventions for those experiencing betrayal trauma should focus on reducing negative responses to disclosure and bolstering general satisfaction with social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tirone
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daria Orlowska
- University Libraries, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Ashton M Lofgreen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca K Blais
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Natalie R Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Klassen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Bates EA, Klement KR, Kaye LK, Pennington CR. The Impact of Gendered Stereotypes on Perceptions of Violence: A Commentary. SEX ROLES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-019-01029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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