1
|
Tian M, Zhang J, Guo L, Cui C. Isolation of a planar 1,2-dilithio-disilene and its conversion to a Si-B hybrid 2π-electron system and a planar tetraboryldisilene. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14635-14640. [PMID: 34881016 PMCID: PMC8580061 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05125c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium reagents have long played important roles in synthetic chemistry. However, unsaturated organosilicon lithium reagents are few in number. Herein, we describe the first isolation of a 1,2-dilithiodisilene: [(boryl)SiLi]2 (2) was prepared in 73% yield by the reduction of (boryl)tribromosilane (1, boryl = (HCArN)2B, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) with lithium in Et2O. The salt elimination reaction of 2 with dihaloboranes RBX2 afforded disilaborirenes [(boryl)Si]2BR (3a–c), whereas the reaction with two equivalents of B-bromocatecholborane ((cat)BBr) yielded the first tetraboryldisilene [(boryl)(cat)BSi]2 (4). X-ray diffraction analysis and density functional theory calculations indicated that the disilene 2 and tetraboryldisilene 4 feature an almost planar geometry and disilaborirenes 3a–c are aromatic with a silicon–boron hybrid 2π-electron delocalized structure. The results indicate that 1,2-dilithiodisilene 2 is a powerful synthetic reagent for the construction of novel silicon multiply bonded species with unique electronic structures and that the boryl substituents have significant electronic effects on the structure of silicon multiple bonding. Dianionic disilyne: reduction of boryltribromosilane yielded the 1,2-dilithio-disilene 2, which is a powerful transfer reagent for the synthesis of a novel 2π aromatic system and the first tetraboryldisilene.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lulu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nukazawa T, Iwamoto T. Reduction of a Bicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasil-1(3)-ene with LiAlH 4 Leading to an Isolable Cyclotrisilenide. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian M, Zhang J, Yang H, Cui C. Isolation of a 1-Magnesium-2,3-disilacyclopropene and a Related Bis(disilenide). J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4131-4135. [PMID: 32066239 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the first synthesis of a 1-magnesium-2,3-disilacyclopropene and a related bis(disilenide). Reduction of (boryl)tribromosilane (1, boryl = (HCArN)2B, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) with magnesium in THF afforded boryl-substituted magnesium complex [(boryl)Si]2Mg(THF)3 (2) in good yield, whereas reduction of (boryl)trichlorosilane (3) with KC8 in THF led to the isolation of bridged alkoxy alkyl bis(disilenide) (THF)K(boryl)Si═Si(boryl)O(CH2)4(boryl)Si═Si(boryl)K(THF) (4) via ring opening of a THF molecule. X-ray diffraction analysis of 2 confirmed the presence of the novel Si2Mg three-membered ring as well as the Si═Si double bond, which existed in a noticeably twisted B-Si-Si-B array. Complex 2 also represents the first reported example of a stable disilyne dianion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan S, Roesky HW. Carbene-Stabilized Exceptional Silicon Halides. Chemistry 2018; 25:1636-1648. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune; Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Functionalized disilenes are valuable auxiliary tools in preparative chemistry. In the following review the various synthetic potential of disilenes as precursors is presented. Upon consumption of the Si=Si unit in disilenes, cyclic, polycyclic and cluster-like arrangements are obtainable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rammo
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 6615, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 6615, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synthesis and Functionalization of a 1,2-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,2-disilacyclohexene That Can Serve as a Unit of cis-1,2-Dialkyldisilene. INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
7
|
Akasaka N, Fujieda K, Garoni E, Kamada K, Matsui H, Nakano M, Iwamoto T. Synthesis and Functionalization of a 1,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)tetrasila-1,3-diene through the Selective Cleavage of Si(sp 2)–Si(sp 3) Bonds under Mild Reaction Conditions. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Akasaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujieda
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eleonora Garoni
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Kenji Kamada
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinchuk D, Mathew J, Kaushansky A, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. Isolation and Characterization, Including by X-ray Crystallography, of Contact and Solvent-Separated Ion Pairs of Silenyl Lithium Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10258-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pinchuk
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Jomon Mathew
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Dmitry Bravo-Zhivotovskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pinchuk D, Mathew J, Kaushansky A, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. Isolation and Characterization, Including by X-ray Crystallography, of Contact and Solvent-Separated Ion Pairs of Silenyl Lithium Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pinchuk
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Jomon Mathew
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Dmitry Bravo-Zhivotovskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsurusaki A, Kyushin S. The Radical Anion of Cyclopentasilane‐Fused Hexasilabenzvalene. Chemistry 2015; 22:134-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Human Resources Cultivation Center Gunma University Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 Japan
- Present address National Institute of Advanced Industrial, Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Soichiro Kyushin
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Human Resources Cultivation Center Gunma University Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Präsang C, Scheschkewitz D. Reactivity in the periphery of functionalised multiple bonds of heavier group 14 elements. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 45:900-21. [PMID: 26503807 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heavier group 14 multiple bonds have intrigued chemists since more than a century. The synthesis of stable compounds with double and triple bonds with silicon, germanium, tin and lead had considerable impact on modern ideas of chemical bonding. These developments were made possible by the use of bulky substituents that provide kinetic and thermodynamic protection. Since about a decade the compatibility of heavier multiple bonds with various functional groups has moved into focus. This review covers multiply bonded group 14 species with at least one additional reactive site. The vinylic functionalities of groups 1 and 17, resulting in nucleophilic and electrophilic disila vinyl groups, respectively, are the most prevalent and well-studied. They have been employed repeatedly for the transfer of heavier multiple bonds to yield low-valent group 14 compounds with novel structural motifs. Vinylic functionalities of groups 2 to 16 and a few σ-bonded transition metal complexes are experimentally known, but their reactivity has been studied to a lesser extent. Donor-coordinated multiple bonds are a relatively new field of research, but the large degree of unsaturation as isomers of alkynes (as well as residual functionality in some cases) offers considerable possibility for further manipulation, e.g. for the incorporation into more extended systems. Heavier allyl halides constitute the major part of heavier multiple bonds with a functional group in allylic position and some examples of successful transformations are given. At present, remote functionalities are basically limited to para-phenylene functionalised disilenes. The reported use of the latter for further derivatisation might encourage investigations in this direction. In summary, the study of peripherally functionalised multiple bonds with heavier group 14 elements is already well beyond its infancy and may be an instrumental factor in awakening the potential of group 14 chemistry for applications in polymers and other materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Präsang
- Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Dudweiler, Am Markt Zeile 1, 66125 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abersfelder K, Zhao H, White AJP, Praesang C, Scheschkewitz D. Synthesis of the First Homoleptic Trisilaallyl Chloride: 3-Chloro-1, 1,2, 3,3-pentakis(2′,4′,6′-triisopropylphenyl)trisil-1-ene. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
13
|
Marutheeswaran S, Pancharatna PD, Balakrishnarajan MM. Preference for a propellane motif in pure silicon nanosheets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11186-90. [PMID: 24817418 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Free standing silicene nanosheets remain elusive presumably due to the instability associated with sp(2) hybridized silicon atoms. Here we show that silicon prefers nanosheets based on the non-classical Si5 unit with a [1.1.1]-propellane motif that has two inverted tetrahedral atoms bridged by three tetrahedral atoms. DFT calculations show that nanosheets constructed exclusively from propellane building blocks are consistently more stable than those with sp(2) silicon atoms or their hybrids. These nanosheets also exhibit a narrow but definite band gap, unlike those reported earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Marutheeswaran
- Chemical Information Sciences lab, Department of chemistry, Pondicherry university, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meltzer A, Majumdar M, White AJP, Huch V, Scheschkewitz D. Potential Protecting Group Strategy for Disila Analogues of Vinyllithiums: Synthesis and Reactivity of a 2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl-Substituted Disilene. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400545w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Meltzer
- Krupp-Chair
for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Krupp-Chair
for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair
for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair
for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Takeuchi K, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. A New Disilene with π-Accepting Groups from the Reaction of Disilyne RSi≡SiR (R = SiiPr[CH(SiMe3)2]) with Isocyanides. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2954-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja212065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Pure and
Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinohe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Pure and
Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Pure and
Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scheschkewitz D. The Versatile Chemistry of Disilenides: Disila Analogues of Vinyl Anions as Synthons in Low-valent Silicon Chemistry. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Jeck J, Bejan I, White AJP, Nied D, Breher F, Scheschkewitz D. Transfer of a disilenyl moiety to aromatic substrates and lateral functional group transformation in aryl disilenes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17306-15. [PMID: 21070037 DOI: 10.1021/ja107547s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 1 equiv of the disilenide Tip2Si═Si(Tip)Li (5; Tip = 2,4,6-(i)Pr3C6H2) with para-substituted phenyl iodides, 4-X-PhI, transfers the Tip2Si═Si(Tip) moiety with elimination of lithium iodide to yield the laterally functionalized disilenes Tip2Si═Si(Tip)(4-X-Ph) [X = H (6a), F (6b), Cl (6c), Br (6d), I (6e)]. The UV-vis absorptions of 6a-d suggest a linear correlation with electronic Hammett parameters. In addition, X-ray structural analyses of 6a-d verified the theoretically predicted linear dependence of the Si═Si bond length and trans-bent angles. The p-bromophenyl-substituted disilene 6d undergoes a metal-halogen exchange reaction to give 6f (X = Li), which was trapped with Me3SiCl to afford 6g (X = SiMe3). In the case of simple phenyl halides PhX without additional functionality, the reaction with 5 proceeded smoothly for X = Br, but phenyl chlorides and fluorides did not react at room temperature even after one week, hinting at an S(N)2-type aromatic substitution mechanism. Reactions of p- and m-diiodobenzene with 5 afford the corresponding phenylene-bridged tetrasiladienes p-7 and m-7. While red p-7 (λ(max) = 508 nm) exhibits efficient conjugation of the two Si═Si bonds with the phenylene linker, the conjugation in yellow m-7 (λ(max) = 449 nm) is much less effective. Electrochemical studies of m-7 and p-7 as well as density functional theory calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of their respective radical anions provided further support for the notion of conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jeck
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Iwamoto T, Kobayashi M, Uchiyama K, Sasaki S, Nagendran S, Isobe H, Kira M. Anthryl-substituted trialkyldisilene showing distinct intramolecular charge-transfer transition. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:3156-7. [PMID: 19226121 DOI: 10.1021/ja8093313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1-Naphthyl-, 9-phenanthryl-, and 9-anthryl-substituted trialkyldisilenes 1-3 were synthesized as the first stable disilenes with single polycyclic aromatic substituents, allowing elucidation of the unprecedented intramolecular charge transfer interaction between disilene pi and aromatic pi systems. Anthryl-substituted disilene 3 having a low-lying pi*(aryl) LUMO showed a distinct ICT absorption band due to the charge transfer from a disilene pi donor to an aromatic pi acceptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeaki Iwamoto
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fischer RC, Power PP. π-Bonding and the Lone Pair Effect in Multiple Bonds Involving Heavier Main Group Elements: Developments in the New Millennium. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3877-923. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100133q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 894] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland C. Fischer
- Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, A-8010, Graz, Austria, and University of California, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Philip P. Power
- Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, A-8010, Graz, Austria, and University of California, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yamaguchi T, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. Addition of methyllithium to disilyne RSiSiR (R = SiiPr[CH(SiMe3)2]), giving a disilenyllithium, and its unexpected isomerization to a disilacyclopropylsilyllithium. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Schäfer A, Weidenbruch M, Müller T, Pravinkumar K, Becker JY. Electrochemical properties of a disilene, a tetrasila-1,3-butadiene, and their germanium analogues. Chemistry 2009; 15:8424-8428. [PMID: 19575430 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The redox properties of aryl-substituted disilene (1), tetrasila-1,3-butadiene (2), digermene (3), and tetragerma-1,3-butadiene (4) (in which the aryl group is 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) have been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in two different solvents. In o-dichlorobenzene, disilene 1 exhibited reversible redox couples in both oxidation and reduction processes, whereas tetrasilabutadiene 2 showed a reversible behavior only in its oxidation and an irreversible wave in its reduction. Tetragermabutadiene 4 afforded a reversible couple in its reduction and an irreversible wave in its oxidation, whereas digermene 3 showed only an irreversible oxidation wave but no reduction one. In comparison, all observed oxidation and reduction waves in THF were irreversible. In both solvents, the same trend of decreasing ease of oxidation has been observed: 2>4>3>1. The calculated vertical ionization energies (E(i)) for the 2,6-dimethylphenyl-substituted model compounds 9-12 afforded a trend of ease of oxidation that decreases in the series tetrasilabutadiene 10>tetragermabutadiene 12>disilene 9>digermene 11. This predicted trend parallels the measured oxidation potentials in the sense that the heavy butadienes are easier to oxidize than the heavy alkenes. The trend in the reduction direction has been found to be different in the two solvents studied. The computed electron affinities (E(ea)) for compounds 9-12 indicated that the ease of reduction decreased in the sequence tetragermabutadiene 12>tetrasilabutadiene 10>digermene 11>disilene 9. However, no straightforward relation between the computed electron affinities and the experimentally measured reduction potentials has been found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Schäfer
- Institute for Pure and Applied Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26211 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tanaka H, Inoue S, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. An (η3-Disilaallyl)lithium Derivative: Interconversion of π-Allyl-Type Bonding and η1 Coordination to a Silyllithium Fragment. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900861z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinohe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abersfelder K, Nguyen TL, Scheschkewitz D. Stannyl-substituted Disilenes and a Disilastannirane. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
Lim YM, Lee ME, Lee J, Do Y. Reactivity of Bromodilithiosilane to Naphthalene and Anthracene. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800596t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Mook Lim
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo 220-710, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Science BK21, Center for Molecular Design and Synthesis, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Myong Euy Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo 220-710, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Science BK21, Center for Molecular Design and Synthesis, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo 220-710, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Science BK21, Center for Molecular Design and Synthesis, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Youngkyu Do
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo 220-710, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Science BK21, Center for Molecular Design and Synthesis, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xi HW, Karni M, Apeloig Y. Silabutadienes. Internal Rotations and π-Conjugation. A Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:13066-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jp803837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Xi
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Miriam Karni
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Inoue S, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. An Isolable Boryl-substituted Disilene from the Reaction of an sp2-type Silyl Anion with Haloboranes: Synthesis and Characterization. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
28
|
Inoue S, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. Conversion of a Disilenide into a Silene: Silyl-Anion-Substituted Silene by a Sila-Peterson-Type Reaction from an sp2-Type Silyl Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200605140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
29
|
Inoue S, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. Conversion of a Disilenide into a Silene: Silyl-Anion-Substituted Silene by a Sila-Peterson-Type Reaction from an sp2-Type Silyl Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3346-8. [PMID: 17304607 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200605140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|