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Lauretta DS, Adam CD, Allen AJ, Ballouz RL, Barnouin OS, Becker KJ, Becker T, Bennett CA, Bierhaus EB, Bos BJ, Burns RD, Campins H, Cho Y, Christensen PR, Church ECA, Clark BE, Connolly HC, Daly MG, DellaGiustina DN, Drouet d’Aubigny CY, Emery JP, Enos HL, Freund Kasper S, Garvin JB, Getzandanner K, Golish DR, Hamilton VE, Hergenrother CW, Kaplan HH, Keller LP, Lessac-Chenen EJ, Liounis AJ, Ma H, McCarthy LK, Miller BD, Moreau MC, Morota T, Nelson DS, Nolau JO, Olds R, Pajola M, Pelgrift JY, Polit AT, Ravine MA, Reuter DC, Rizk B, Rozitis B, Ryan AJ, Sahr EM, Sakatani N, Seabrook JA, Selznick SH, Skeen MA, Simon AA, Sugita S, Walsh KJ, Westermann MM, Wolner CWV, Yumoto K. Spacecraft sample collection and subsurface excavation of asteroid (101955) Bennu. Science 2022; 377:285-291. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abm1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbonaceous asteroids, such as (101955) Bennu, preserve material from the early Solar System, including volatile compounds and organic molecules. We report spacecraft imaging and spectral data collected during and after retrieval of a sample from Bennu’s surface. The sampling event mobilized rocks and dust into a debris plume, excavating a 9-m-long elliptical crater. This exposed material that is darker, spectrally redder, and more abundant in fine particulates than the original surface. The bulk density of the displaced subsurface material was 500–700 kg per cubic meter, about half that of the whole asteroid. Particulates that landed on instrument optics spectrally resemble aqueously altered carbonaceous meteorites. The spacecraft stored 250 ± 101 g of material, which will be delivered to Earth in 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - A. J. Allen
- Physics Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - R.-L. Ballouz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - O. S. Barnouin
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - K. J. Becker
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T. Becker
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C. A. Bennett
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - B. J. Bos
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - R. D. Burns
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - H. Campins
- Physics Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Y. Cho
- Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. R. Christensen
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - B. E. Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - H. C. Connolly
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - M. G. Daly
- Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - J. P. Emery
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - H. L. Enos
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - D. R. Golish
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H. Ma
- Lockheed Martin Space, Littleton, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - T. Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - J. O. Nolau
- Physics Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - R. Olds
- Lockheed Martin Space, Littleton, CO, USA
| | - M. Pajola
- INAF (Italian National Institute for Astrophysics) – Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - A. T. Polit
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - B. Rizk
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - B. Rozitis
- School of Physical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - A. J. Ryan
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - N. Sakatani
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. A. Seabrook
- Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. H. Selznick
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - A. A. Simon
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S. Sugita
- Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. J. Walsh
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M. M. Westermann
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C. W. V. Wolner
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K. Yumoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Golish DR, Simon AA, Reuter DC, Ferrone S, Clark BE, Li JY, DellaGiustina DN, Drouet d’Aubigny C, Rizk B, Lauretta DS. Cross-Instrument Comparison of MapCam and OVIRS on OSIRIS-REx. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2022; 218:5. [PMID: 35250103 PMCID: PMC8885487 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two of the instruments onboard the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, the MapCam color imager and the OVIRS visible and infrared spectrometer, observed the surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu in partially overlapping wavelengths. Significant scientific advances have been enabled by using data from these two instruments in tandem, but a robust statistical understanding of their relationship is needed for future analyses to cross-compare their data as accurately and sensitively as possible. Here we present a cross-instrument comparison of data acquired by MapCam and OVIRS, including methods and results for all global and site-specific observation campaigns in which both instruments were active. In our analysis, we consider both the absolute radiometric offset and the relative (normalized) variation between the two instruments; we find that both depend strongly on the photometric and instrumental conditions during the observation. The two instruments have a large absolute offset (>15%) due to their independent radiometric calibrations. However, they are very consistent (relative offset as low as 1%) when each instrument's response is normalized at a single wavelength, particularly at low phase angles where shadows on Bennu's rough surface are minimized. We recommend using the global datasets acquired at 12:30 pm local solar time for cross-comparisons; data acquired at higher phase angles have larger uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Golish
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - A. A. Simon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - D. C. Reuter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - S. Ferrone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - B. E. Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - J.-Y. Li
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ USA
| | | | | | - B. Rizk
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
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