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Sulejmanov F, Petr K, Gambová J, Platt T, Seitl M. Exposure to workplace bullying: the incremental effect of gelotophobia beyond the big five. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1400940. [PMID: 38725945 PMCID: PMC11079308 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1400940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of Big Five personality traits in exposure to workplace bullying has been a focus of numerous studies. Yet less is known about the incremental validity of narrower personality constructs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incremental effect of gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) in predicting exposure to workplace bullying beyond the Big Five personality domains. The sample comprised 328 employees (77% females) from different regions of the Czech Republic. Correlational analysis showed that negative emotionality and gelotophobia were related to workplace bullying in theoretically expected ways. Results from a multiple regression indicated that gelotophobia had an incremental effect in predicting exposure to workplace bullying over and above the personality domains. Overall, this study provides new insights and extends previous investigations concerning the role of gelotophobia in workplace bullying. We also discuss the limitations of our study and provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sulejmanov
- Department of Psychology, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Kryštof Petr
- Department of Psychology, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jana Gambová
- Department of Psychology, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tracey Platt
- School of Psychology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Seitl
- Department of Psychology, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Maftei A. The indirect effect of compassion on katagelasticism: the mediatiang role of moral disengagement and the moderating effect of intolerance of uncertainty. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:26. [PMID: 36703187 PMCID: PMC9877495 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The junction between moral psychology, humor, and some specific personality variables (i.e., uncertainty intolerance and compassion toward others) has been a neglected field of study. The present research explored the role of moral disengagement and intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between compassion and katagelasticism. The sample was formed by 763 adults aged 18 to 70 (M = 24.62, SD = 8.29, 73.9% women). The findings suggested significant negative associations between compassion and moral disengagement and positive correlations between katagelasticism, moral disengagement, and intolerance of uncertainty. Furthermore, moral disengagement mediated the link between compassion and katagelasticism, while intolerance of uncertainty moderated the link between compassion and moral disengagement. Significant gender differences were also suggested concerning all our study's primary variables, with women scoring higher in the compassion and intolerance of uncertainty and significantly lower than men in the moral disengagement and katagelasticism dimensions. The results are discussed regarding their theoretical and practical implications related to moral disengagement and the underlying personal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maftei
- grid.8168.70000000419371784Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
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Rêgo TS, Pires DES, Melo EM, Aristizabal JP, Pereira A. The association between trait anxiety and the fear of being laughed at in college: A preliminary study with a Brazilian sample. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2757. [PMID: 36177971 PMCID: PMC9660430 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate how gelotophobia correlates with trait anxiety in a sample of Brazilian college students. METHODS We evaluated the association of GELOPH < 15 > scores with both self-reported experiences of bullying victimization and trait anxiety measures assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The study consisted of a sample of 65 adult volunteers (M = 21.48, SD = 2.54 years, 38 females), recruited through social media or flyer distribution, and submitted to online versions of the gelotophobia assessment instrument (GELOPH < 15 >) and the STAI. RESULTS Most participants (N = 56, 86.15%) had an STAI-T score indicative of high trait anxiety. The average GELOPH < 15 > score of the sample was 2.69 (0.65) and 39 of the subjects (60%) were considered gelotophobes. There was a strong positive correlation between the GELOPH < 15 > and STAI-T scores but no correlation between bullying and either the STAI-T and GELOPH < 15 > scores. However, the great majority of subjects with gelotophobia reported been previously bullied. CONCLUSION In our sample, all gelotophobes had trait anxiety, but only a fraction of anxious subjects had gelotophobia. These preliminary findings expand on previous reports underscoring the high prevalence of mental health problems afflicting higher education students in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá S Rêgo
- Laboratory of Neuroprocessing, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Diógenes E S Pires
- Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Eline M Melo
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Juan-Pablo Aristizabal
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuroprocessing, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Vagnoli L, Brauer K, Addarii F, Ruch W, Marangi V. Fear of being laughed at in Italian healthcare workers: Testing associations with humor styles and coping humor. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 35431525 PMCID: PMC8994520 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Humor is a strategy that healthcare workers can use to help patients cope with stress and manage complex situations. However, people differ in how they deal with laughter. Our aim was to investigate gelotophobia (fear of being laughed at) among healthcare professionals and its relationships with humor styles and inclinations to use humor for coping. A sample of 550 Italian healthcare-workers was assigned to three groups: Professional Hospital Clown Group (PHCG, people who trained as professional clown in health-care setting), Humor Training Group (HTG, people who attended health-care relevant training courses related to humor), or Control Group (CG, people who attended healthcare or professional training courses not related to humor), and provided self-reports in the GELOPH < 15 > , the Coping Humor Scale, and the Humor Style Questionnaire. Participants from humor-related interventions, in particular PHCG, were lower in gelotophobia and used humor as a coping strategy. Gelotophobia correlated negatively with coping humor, and affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles. We discuss the findings with regard to the use of humor and laughter in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vagnoli
- Pediatric Psychology Service, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Kay Brauer
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Francesca Addarii
- Pediatric Psychology Service, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Willibald Ruch
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Localizing Gelotophobia, Gelotophilia, and Katagelasticism in Domains and Facets of Maladaptive Personality Traits: A Multi-Study Report Using Self and Informant Ratings. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Examining the role of gelotophobia for willingness to communicate and second language achievement using self- and teacher ratings. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Martinelli A, Kreifelts B, Wildgruber D, Bernhard A, Ackermann K, Freitag CM, Schwenck C. Aggression differentially modulates neural correlates of social intention attribution to benevolent, tickling and taunting laughter: An fMRI study in children and adolescents. Soc Neurosci 2021; 16:303-316. [PMID: 33759708 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2021.1908420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human laughter is a powerful means of communicating social intention, ranging from welcoming and friendly to hostile and ridiculing. To be communicated accurately, the recipient must correctly identify the laugher's underlying social intention. Regular misattribution of the social intention of others has been associated with maladaptive psychosocial development, in particular with aggressive behavior. We investigated the relationship between self-reported aggressive behavior and the neural correlates of social intention attributions to different audiovisual laughter types in 50 healthy children and adolescents (29 female, 10-18 years, M 15.5, SD 2.2) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Trial-by-trial associations of neural response and behavioral attributions were distinctly modulated by aggression for benevolent versus taunting and tickling laughter. With increasing aggression, hostile misattributions of benevolent laughter were associated with decreased dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior insular cortex activation. In contrast, hostile attributions of taunting and tickling laughter were associated with increased superior frontal, superior temporal, medial prefrontal, supplementary motor, and anterior and mid-cingulate cortex activation. We argue that aggression may be associated with down-regulated emotional saliency of benevolent laughter, whereas up-regulated neural responses to taunting laughter may underlie a heightened sensitivity to hostility or acceptance of taunting behavior in more aggressive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinelli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - B Kreifelts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Wildgruber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Bernhard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - K Ackermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - C M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - C Schwenck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.,Department of Special Needs Educational and Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Brauer K, Sendatzki R, Proyer RT. Testing the associations between dispositions toward ridicule and being laughed at and romantic jealousy in couples: An APIM analysis. J Pers 2021; 89:883-898. [PMID: 33550593 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE How people deal with ridicule and being laughed at plays a role in romantic life. We extend the research on the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia), joy in being laughed at (gelotophilia), and joy in laughing at others (katagelasticism) by testing their associations with romantic jealousy and its consequences for relationship satisfaction (RS). METHOD Our study is based on Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analyses of self and partner ratings of the laughter-related dispositions using data from 228 opposite-sex couples. APIM mediation analyses estimated indirect effects of jealousy on the associations between the dispositions and RS. RESULTS As expected, gelotophobia-related positively to jealousy in actors, whereas gelotophilia and katagelasticism showed differential relationships. The analysis of partner effects showed that the actual expressions in the dispositions are unrelated to jealousy but perceived expressions account robustly for experiences of jealousy beyond self-ratings. Finally, jealousy had indirect effects on the associations between the dispositions and RS. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of dealing with ridicule and laughter in romantic life. We embed the findings into the literature, discuss practical implications, and derive future directions to expand the knowledge on gelotophobia, gelotophilia, and katagelasticism in romantic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Brauer
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rebekka Sendatzki
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René T Proyer
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Brauer K, Proyer RT. Judging dispositions toward ridicule and being laughed at from short self-descriptions at zero-acquaintance: Testing self-other agreement, consensus, and accuracy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brauer K, Proyer RT. Is it me or the circumstances? Examining the relationships between individual differences in causal attributions and dispositions toward ridicule and being laughed at. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Brauer K, Proyer RT, Ruch W. Extending the Study of Gelotophobia, Gelotophilia, and Katagelasticism in Romantic Life Toward Romantic Attachment. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Gelotophobia (fear of being laughed at), gelotophilia (joy in being laughed at), and katagelasticism (joy in laughing at others) describe individual differences in how people deal with ridicule and being laughed at. We study their association with romantic attachment styles and romantic outcomes in adults. Study 1 ( N = 247) shows that gelotophobia goes along with higher expressions in attachment anxiety and avoidance. This study also provides support for the notion that gelotophobes demonstrate a lower likelihood of entering romantic relationships (odds ratio = 0.62/0.64 for past/current relationship status). Gelotophilia goes along with lower avoidance and katagelasticism exists independently from romantic attachment. Study 2 replicates the findings in 154 heterosexual romantic couples using Actor–Partner Interdependence Model analyses. However, katagelasticism was related to greater attachment anxiety in this sample of couples. A mini-meta analysis using data from both studies ( N = 555) clarified this association and showed that the joy in laughing at others yields a small positive association with attachment anxiety. Further, attachment styles mediate associations between the dispositions and relationship satisfaction in the couples. Overall, the dispositions are distinctively related with romantic attachment styles and our findings contribute to the understanding of the role of dealing with ridicule and laughter in romantic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Brauer
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René T. Proyer
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Willibald Ruch
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Canestrari C, Carrieri A, Del Moral G, Fermani A, Muzi M. Do coping strategies and the degree of satisfaction with one’s social life and parental attachment modulate gelotophobia, gelotophilia and katagelasticism? A study on young Italian adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Brauer K, Proyer RT. To love and laugh: Testing actor-, partner-, and similarity effects of dispositions towards ridicule and being laughed at on relationship satisfaction. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Assessing dispositions towards ridicule and being laughed at: Development and initial validation of the Turkish PhoPhiKat-45. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kamble SV, Proyer RT, Ruch W. Gelotophobia in India: The Assessment of the Fear of being Laughed at with the Kannada Version of the GELOPH<15>. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-014-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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