Synthesis, spectral, thermal and crystallographic investigations on oxovanadium(IV) and manganese(III) complexes derived from heterocyclic β-diketone and 2-amino ethanol

Synthesis, Characterization, Computational and Biological Activity of Some Schiff Bases and Their Fe, Cu and Zn Complexes

Four new symmetrical Schiff bases derived from 2,2′-diamino-6,6′-dibromo-4,4′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl or 2,2′-diamino-4,4′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl, and 3,5-dichloro- or 5-nitro-salicylaldehyde, were synthesized and reacted with copper-, iron- and zinc-acetate, producing the corresponding complexes. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes were characterized by 1H-, 13C-NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The structures of one Schiff base and the two zinc complexes were resolved by X-ray structure determination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of the latter compounds were carried out to optimize and examine their molecular geometries. The biomedical applications of the Schiff bases and their complexes were investigated as anticancer or antimicrobial agents.

Synthesis, computational, anticancerous and antiproliferative effects of some copper, manganese and zinc complexes with ligands derived from symmetrical 2,2’-diamino-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl-salicylaldehyde

Four new symmetrical Schiff bases derived from 2,2’-diamino-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl-salicylaldehyde have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and different spectroscopic techniques. The reaction of 2,2’-diamino-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl with two equivalents of 5-tert-butyl-, 3,5-dinitro-, 3,5-dibromo- and 3-tert-butyl-salicylaldehyde yielded 2,2’-bis(5-tert-butyl-salicylideneamino)-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl (A1) as well as the 3,5-dinitro- (A2), 3,5-dibromo- (A3) and 3-tert-butyl- (A4) substituted derivatives. The tetradentate ligands were then reacted with copper-, manganese- and zinc-acetate producing the tetra-coordinate metal complexes which were characterized by FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis. Zinc complexes were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory were carried out to fully optimize and examine the molecular geometries of complexes. Subsequently, IR vibrational and UV-Vis absorption spectra were computed and correlated with the observed values and the results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The anticancerous and antiproliferative activity of the A3 ligand and its metal complexes were determined.

Synthesis, characterization, in-vitro antimicrobial properties, molecular docking and DFT studies of 3-{(E)-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)imino]methyl} naphthalen-2-ol and Heteroleptic Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes

Heteroleptic divalent metal complexes [M(L) (bipy)(Y)]•nH2O (where M = Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn; L = Schiff base; bipy = 2,2’-bipyridine; Y = OAc and n = 0, 1) have been synthesized from pyrimidine Schiff base ligand 3-{(E)-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)imino]methyl} naphthalen-2-ol, 2,2’-bipyridine and metal(II) acetate salts. The Schiff base and its complexes were characterized by analytical (CHN elemental analyses, solubility, melting point, conductivity) measurements, spectral (IR, UV-vis, 1H and 13C-NMR and MS) and magnetometry. The elemental analyses, Uv-vis spectra and room temperature magnetic moment data provide evidence of six coordinated octahedral geometry for the complexes. The metal complexes’ low molar conductivity values in dimethylsulphoxide suggested that they were non-ionic in nature. The compounds displayed moderate to good antimicrobial and antifungal activities against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. cereus, P. mirabilis, K. oxytoca, A. niger, A. flevus and R. Stolonifer. The compounds also exhibited good antioxidant potentials with ferrous ion chelation and, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Molecular docking studies showed a good interaction with drug targets used. The structural and electronic properties of complexes were further confirmed by density functional theory calculations.

Tautomerism and antioxidant activity of some 4-acylpyrazolone-based Schiff bases: a theoretical study

4-Acylpyrazolone Schiff bases display antimicrobial, antiprion, antioxidant, and other biological activities. They are also used as ligands and some of their complexes possess photoluminescence and anticancer properties. These Schiff bases may exist in four tautomeric forms that correspond to H at the C (imine-one(I)), N (imine-one(II)), and O (imine-ol) atoms of the pyrazolone ring or at the azomethine N atom (amine-one). While crystal structures show the amine-one form, the identity of the tautomeric form in solution and the structure–antioxidant activity relationship of these compounds are not clear. We perform quantum mechanical investigations on nine 4-acylpyrazolone-based Schiff bases at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in the gas phase and in chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Results show that the imine-ol, imine-one(I), and imine-one(II) isomers are, in respective, 6.5–8.0, 17–20, and 19–23 kcal mol⁻¹ less stable than the amine-one form and that solvents further stabilize the later form. The energy barrier for imine-ol to amine-one conversion is only 0–1 kcal mol⁻¹, showing that formation of the latter form is both kinetically and thermodynamically favorable. NMR calculations show that H in the amine-one and imine-ol forms appears at δ = 11.9–12.9 and 14.0–15.7 ppm, respectively, revealing that the experimentally reported ¹H NMR spectra of these compounds are due to the amine-one tautomeric form. The structure–antioxidant activity relationship is investigated and structural modifications that increase the antioxidant activity are discussed. Calculations using the PCM show that the vertical ionization potential (IPV) is inversely proportional with the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of these compounds. IPV thus presents a valuable tool for predicting the FRAP.

Computational investigations reveal that 4-acylpyrazolone Schiff bases adopt the amine-one structure and that ionization potentials provide a measure for their antioxidant activity.

Photoluminescent properties of novel design heteroleptic Zn(II) complexes

Three novel heteroleptic Zn(II) complexes containing 8-hydroxy quinoline and various pyrazolone-based derivatives were synthesized and their structures confirmed by ¹ H-nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, UV-vis analysis and element analysis. All three complexes showed good photoluminescence properties in the solid state and in solution in the maximum emission range from 475 to 490 nm with a quantum yield of 0.45 to 0.51. Absorption spectra revealed that the complexes possessed a maximum absorption range of 272-281 nm with a band gap of 2.59-2.68 eV. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of all the complexes were determine by cyclic voltammetry. All complexes displayed high thermal stability. These characteristics were assessed to find suitability for an alternative cheap light emitter for organic light-emitting diodes.

Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of some unsymmetrical Schiff base transition metal complexes

In this study, several unsymmetrical Schiff bases and their cobalt and manganese complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The unsymmetrical Schiff bases were prepared from reaction of o-phenylendiamine derivatives with 1-hydroxy-2-acetonaphthone and then the product was reacted with the following aldehydes: salicyaldehyde, 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and 2-qinolinecarboxaldehyde to produce the desired tetradentate unsymmetrical Schiff base ligands H2SL, H2NL, HPYL and HQN, respectively. Reaction of these ligands with cobalt and manganese salts produced complexes of the general formula [M(SL)], [(NL)], [M(PYL)] and [M(QL)]. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The prepared complexes were examined for their anti-bacterial activity using gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. The following complexes showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus: MnSL1, MnSL2 and MnSL3. The genotoxic activity of four complexes, which are MnNL1, MnSL1, CoNL1 and CoSL1, were examined using 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) assay in cultured human blood lymphocytes. All examined complexes were found to be genotoxic at examined concentrations (0.1-100 µg/mL), but with variable magnitudes (p < 0.05). The levels of 8-OHdG induced by MnNL1 and MnSL1 were significantly higher than that induced by CoNL1 and CoSL1 ones. In general, the order of mutagenicity of the compounds is MnSL1 > MnNL1 > CoSL1 > CoNL1. In conclusion, some of the prepared complexes showed some biological activities that might be of interest for future research.

Synthesis and characterization of monomeric Mn (IV) and pseudo-tetrameric Mn (III) complexes: magnetic properties of Mn (III) complex

Two novel monomer Mn (IV) [Mn(3,5-ClL1)2]⋅(CH3OH), (1), [3,5-ClL1H2=N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dichlorosalicylaldimine] (1) and hydrogen-bonded pseudo-tetramer Mn (III) [Mn(5-BrL2)(H2O)2]2⋅[Mn(5-BrL2)(H2O)]2⋅2⋅(ClO4), (2), [5-BrL2H2=N,N'-bis(5-bromosalicylidenato)-1,2-diamino-2-methylpropane)] (2) Schiff base complexes have been synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement study has been performed for complex (2) and the result indicates there is a very weak antiferromagnetic interaction (J=-0.40±0.016cm(-1)) between the two manganese (III) centers.

Antioxidant, tautomerism and antibacterial studies of Fe(III)-1,2,4-triazole based complexes

New Fe(III) complexes have been synthesized by the reactions of ferric nitrate with Schiff base derived from 3-substituted phenyl-4-amino-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole and indoline-2,3-dione. All these complexes are soluble in DMF and DMSO; low molar conductance values indicate that they are non-electrolytes. Elemental analyses suggest that the complexes have 1:1 stoichiometry of the type [FeLn(H2O)(OH)]·xH2O. Structural and spectroscopic properties have been studied on the basis of elemental analyses, infrared spectra, (1)H and (13)H NMR spectra, electronic spectra, magnetic measurements and FAB mass spectra. FT-IR, (1)H and (13)H NMR studies reveal that the ligand (Ln) exists in the tautomeric enol form in both the states with intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Magnetic moment and reflectance spectral studies reveal that an octahedral geometry has been assigned to all the prepared complexes. FRAP values indicate that all the compounds have a ferric reducing antioxidant power. The compounds 2 and 3 showed relatively high antioxidant activity while compound 1 and 4 shows poor antioxidant power. Also good antimicrobial activities of the complexes against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli have been found compared to its free ligands.

SODs, DNA binding and cleavage studies of new Mn(III) complexes with 2-((3-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol

Newly synthesized ligand [2-((3-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol] (Bpmp) react with manganese(II) to form mononuclear complexes [Mn(phen)(Bpmp)(CH3COO)(H2O)]·4H2O (1), (phen=1,10-phenanthroline) and [Mn(Bpmp)2(CH3COO)(H2O)]·5H2O (2). These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H NMR, Mass, UV-vis spectral studies. Molar conductance and thermogravimetric analysis of these complexes were also recorded. The in vitro SOD mimic activity of Mn(III) complexes were carried out and obtained with good result. The DNA-binding properties of the complexes 1 and 2 were investigated by UV-spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The spectral results suggest that the complexes 1 and 2 can bind to Calf thymus DNA by intercalation mode. The cleavage properties of these complexes with super coiled pUC19 have been studied using the gel electrophoresis method, wherein both complexes 1 and 2 displayed chemical nuclease activity in the absence and presence of H2O2 via an oxidative mechanism. All the complexes inhibit the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria to competent level. The MIC was determined by microtiter method.

A new hydrogen-bonded pseudo-dimer Mn(III) Schiff base complex. The synthesis, X-ray structure and spectroscopic studies

A new hydrogen-bonded pseudo-dimer, [Mn(III)L1(CH(3)CH(2)OH)](2)(ClO(4)) (1) (L1 = N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalidenato)-1,2-diaminopropane) has been synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, IR, elemental analysis and crystal structure analysis. The single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the structure affords an elongated octahedral MnN(2)O(4) coordination environment, geometry with the four donor atoms of the tetradentate Schiff base in the equatorial plane and with two ethanol molecule in axial positions with Mn-O = 2.265(2) and 2.266(2) Å.

Synthesis, characterization and antitumor activity of polymeric copper(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazones of 3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-4-carboxaldehyde and 5-oxo-3-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-4-carboxaldehyde

New polymeric copper(II) complexes with two tridentate ONS thiosemicarbazone ligands containing substituted pyrazolone moiety were synthesized and characterized by means of spectroscopic, electrochemical and crystallographic techniques. While both ligands exist as different tautomers in the solid state and DMSO-d(6) solution, Cu(II) ion coordinates the ligands from the same tautomeric form with square-pyramidal geometry around each Cu atom. In the crystal structures, the copper(II) complex cation forms polymeric chains {[Cu(L)Cl](+)}(n) with a bridging chlorine atom. One of the complexes was found to have a significantly higher cytotoxic potential in comparison with cisplatin in inhibition of several cell lines (HL60, REH, C6, L929 and B16). The results obtained on the basis of flow cytometry indicated that apoptosis could be possible mechanism of cell death.

Antiproliferative activity and QSAR studies of a series of new 4-aminomethylidene derivatives of some pyrazol-5-ones

Twenty five 4-aminomethylidene derivatives obtained from 3-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one and 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one were synthesized and tested for their antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines. The compounds derived from 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one exhibited the most remarkable activity in the treatment of both cell lines. In vitro antiproliferative activities were accompanied by an important apoptotic fraction of both cell lines; also, compounds inhibited key endothelial cell functions implicated in invasion and angiogenesis. QSAR methods were performed in order to analyze the influence of structural features of the compounds investigated on the antiproliferative potential on MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-453 cancer cells. One-parameter heuristic analysis was performed and different whole molecule and fragmental descriptors were considered for rationalization of mechanism of interaction of these compounds with active place of hypothetical target included in tumorigenesis.

Synthesis, spectroscopy and biological investigations of manganese(III) Schiff base complexes derived from heterocyclic β-diketone with various primary amine and 2,2'-bipyridyl

The mixed ligand mononuclear complex [Mn(bipy)(HPMFP)(OAc)]ClO(4) was synthesized by reaction of Mn(OAc)(3)·2H(2)O with HPMFP and 2,2'-bipyridyl. The corresponding Schiff base complexes were prepared by condensation of [Mn(bipy)(HPMFP)(OAc)]ClO(4) with ethylenediamine, ethanolamine and glycine (where HPMFP=1-phenyl-3methyl-4-formyl-2-pyrazolin-5one, bipy=2,2'-bipyridyl). All the compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, conductometry measurements and (1)H and (13)C NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry. Electronic spectral and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate square pyramidal geometry around manganese(III) ion. The thermal stabilities, activation energy E*, entropy change ΔS*, enthalpy change ΔH* and heat capacity of thermal degradation for these complexes were determined by TGA and DSC. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of four coordination compounds and ligand HPMFP were investigated. In vitro activates of Bacillus subtillis (MTCC-619), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-96), Escherichia coli (MTCC-722) and Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC-109) bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans (ATCC-90028) were determined. All the compounds showed good antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activities increased as formation of Schiff base.

Reactivity of tris(acetylacetonato) iron(III) with tridentate [ONO] donor Schiff base as an access to newer mixed-ligand iron(III) complexes

Two new mixed-ligand iron(III) complexes, [Fe(L(n))(acac)(C(2)H(5)OH)] incorporating coordinated ethanol from the reaction solvent were accessed from the reaction of [Fe(acac)(3)] with [ONO] donor dibasic tridentate unsymmetrical Schiff base ligands derived from condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde with 2-aminophenol (H(2)L(1)) or 2-aminobenzoic acid (H(2)L(2)). The thermal study (TGA-DTA) provided evidence for weakly bound ethanol which is readily substituted by neutral N-donor molecule imidazole, benzimidazole or pyridine to produce an array of newer complexes, [Fe(L(n))(acac)X] (n=1, 2; X=Im, Bim, Py). The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-vis, solution electrical conductivity, FAB mass, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements (μ(eff)∼5.8 B.M.) are consistent with spin-free octahedral iron(III) complexes. Cyclic voltammetry of ethanol complexes revealed a quasi-reversible one electron redox response (ΔE(p)>100 mV) for the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple. Low half wave redox potential (E(1/2)) values suggested easy redox susceptibility. The ground state geometries of the ethanol and imidazole complexes have been ascertained to be distorted octahedral by density functional theory using DMol3 program at BLYP/DNP level.

Novel Fe (III) heterochelates: synthesis, structural features and fluorescence studies

Fluorescence properties of five 4-acyl pyrazolone based hydrazides (H(2)SB(n)) and their Fe (III) heterochelates of the type [Fe(SB(n))(L)(H(2)O)].mH(2)O [H(2)SB(n)=nicotinic acid [1-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-di hydro-1H-pyrazol-4yl)-acylidene]-hydrazide; where acyl=-CH(3), m=4 (H(2)SB(1)); -C(6)H(5), m=2 (H(2)SB(2)); -CH(2)-CH(3), m=3 (H(2)SB(3)); -CH(2)-CH(2)-CH(3), m=1.5 (H(2)SB(4)); -CH(2)-C(6)H(5), m=1.5 (H(2)SB(5)) and HL=1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid] were studied at room temperature. The fluorescence spectra of heterochelates show red shift, which may be due to the chelation by the ligands to the metal ion. It enhances ligand ability to accept electrons and decreases the electron transition energy. The kinetic parameters such as order of reaction (n), energy of activation (E(a)), entropy (S*), pre-exponential factor (A), enthalpy (H*) and Gibbs free energy (G*) have been reported.

Synthesis, spectral, crystallography and thermal investigations of novel Schiff base complexes of manganese (III) derived from heterocyclic beta-diketone with aromatic and aliphatic diamine

The Schiff base tetradentate ligands N,N-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-1-p-tolyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylmethylene)-ethane-1,2-diamine (H(2)L(1)), N,N-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-1-p-sulfonyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylmethylene)-ethane-1,2-diamine (H(2)L(2)), N,N-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-1-p-tolyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylmethylene)-benzene-1,2-diamine (H(2)L(3)) and N,N-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-1-p-sulfonyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylmethylene)-benzene-1,2-diamine (H(2)L(4)) were prepared from the reaction between 5-oxo-3-methyl-1-p-tolyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde or 4-(4-formyl-5-oxo-3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-benzenesulfonic acid and o-phenylenediamine or ethylenediamine. And these are characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR and GC-MS. The corresponding Schiff base complexes of Mn(III) were prepared by condensation of [Mn(3)(mu(3)-O)(OAc)(6)(H(2)O)(3)].3H(2)O with ligands H(2)L(1), H(2)L(2), H(2)L(3) and H(2)L(4). All these complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, X-ray crystallography, conductometry measurement, FT-IR, electronic spectra and mass (FAB) spectrometry. Thermal behaviour of the complexes has been studied by TGA, DTA and DSC. Electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate octahedral stereochemistry of manganese (III) complexes, while non-electrolytic behaviour complexes indicate the absence of counter ion.

Ligating behaviour of Schiff base ligands derived from heterocyclic beta-diketone and ethanol or propanol amine with oxovanadium (IV) metal ion

Synthesis and evaluation of six new oxovanadium (IV) complexes, formed by the interaction of vanadyl sulphate pentahydrate and the Schiff base, viz.; (HL(1))-(HL(3)) and (HL(4))-(HL(6)) such as 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1(2-chloro)phenyl-1H-pyrazolone-4-carbaldehyde (I), 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1(3-chloro)phenyl-1H-pyrazolone-4-carbaldehyde (II) and 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1(3-sulphoamido)phenyl-1H-pyrazolone-4-carbaldehyde (III) with ethanol amine and propanol amine, respectively, in aqueous ethanol medium. The ligands and their Schiff base ligands have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR and (1)H NMR. The resulting complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, (1)H NMR, mass, electronic, electron spin resonance spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurement, molar conductance and thermal studies. The IR spectral data suggest that the ligand behaves as a dibasic bidentate with ON donor sequence towards metal ion. The molar conductivity data show them to be non-electrolytes. From the electronic, magnetic and ESR spectral data suggest that all the oxovanadium (IV) complexes have distorted octahedral geometry.