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Hu SX, Liu HT, Cao LZ, Chen XT, Guan PF, Zhang P. Distinguishing the Geometric and Electronic Structures of Actinide Carbides An xC 8 (An = Th, U; x = 2, 3) through Exchange Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:829-839. [PMID: 38266177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Global-minimum optimizations combined with relativistic quantum chemistry calculations have been performed to characterize the ground-state stable structures of four titled compounds and to analyze the bonding properties. Th2C8 was identified as being a ThC4-Th(C2)2 structure, U2C8 has been found to favor the U-U(C8) structure, and both Th3C8 and U3C8 adopt the (AnC3)2-(AnC2) structure. Then, the wave function analyses reveal that the interactions between the Th 7s-based orbital and the σg molecular orbital of the C2 unit compensate for the excitation energy of 7s16d1 → 6d2 and lead to the stabilization of two Th(IV)s in the ThC4-Th(C2)2 structure. It also reveals that the U species exhibit magnetic exchange coupling behavior in UxC8, for instance, as seen in the direct interaction of U2C8 and the superexchange pathway of U3C8, which effectively stabilizes their low-spin states. This interpretation indicates that the geometric and electronic structures of AnxC8 species are largely influenced by the local magnetic moment and spin correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Cao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng-Fei Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
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Du J, Jiang G, Chen D. High Coordination Numbers of Actinides (An) in AnC 13+ Rings (An = Th and U). Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 38014678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
An intriguingly high abundance of both ThC13+ and UC13+ cluster cations was observed in a previous mass spectrometry experiment; however, the structural identification of these cations has not yet been completed. In this study, we determined the lowest lying structures of ThC13+ and UC13+ clusters using an unbiased structural search method. The 13-coordinate planar ring configuration was the most stable for both ThC13+ and UC13+ cluster cations. The C-An bonds in ThC13+ and UC13+ show a small degree of covalency, originating from the overlap of the s, d, and f orbitals of the An atoms with C 2p orbitals of both π and σ characteristics. The infrared and electronic absorption spectra of the most favorable planar ring configurations were theoretically simulated to facilitate the identification of the molecular structures in future experiments. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the experimental mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Du
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Deliang Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
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Zhou K, Zhang YY, Chen XT, Hu SX. 12-Membered Ring Carbides with Stabilization of Actinide Atoms. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2119-2128. [PMID: 35041785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Actinide (Th and U) carbides as the potential nuclear fuels in nuclear reactors require basic research in order to understand the thermodynamic stability and performance of these substances. Here we report the structural characterization and bonding analyses of [C12], ThC12, and UC12 clusters via a global-minimum search combined with relativistic quantum chemistry calculations to elucidate the stability and bonding nature of An-C bonds. We predict that these [C12], ThC12, and UC12 compounds have a planar structure with C6h, D12h, and D12h symmetry, respectively. [C12] has a hyperconjugation structure containing alternating single and double bonds. The significant stabilization when forming AnC12 predominantly comes from the electrostatic interaction between An4+ and [C12]4- and also from a certain degree of orbital interaction between the An 5f6d7s valence shell and [C12] π orbitals. The covalent character of the An-C bonds exhibits a direct in-plane σ-type overlap of the C 2p-derived MOs of [C12] and the An 5fϕ AO, thus leading to an unprecedented electronic configuration of d1f1 for U in UC12. Our results present an example of the novel properties that can be expected for actinide compounds and would provide the knowledge required to obtain novel structures of AnC12 in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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Martins LSC, Jorge FE, Franco ML, Ferreira IB. All-electron Gaussian basis sets of double zeta quality for the actinides. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:244113. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4973377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pogány P, Kovács A, Visscher L, Konings RJM. Theoretical study of actinide monocarbides (ThC, UC, PuC, and AmC). J Chem Phys 2016; 145:244310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pogány
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, 1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kovács
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy J. M. Konings
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Interplay of thermochemistry and Structural Chemistry, the journal (volume 26, 2015, issue 5) and the discipline. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Molpeceres G, Rayón VM, Barrientos C, Largo A. Molecular Structure and Bonding in Plutonium Carbides: A Theoretical Study of PuC3. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2232-9. [PMID: 27010701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The most relevant species of plutonium tricarbide were characterized using theoretical methods. The global minimum is predicted to be a fan structure where the plutonium atom is bonded to a quasi-linear C3 unit. A rhombic isomer, shown to be a bicyclic species with transannular C-C bonding, lies about 39 kJ/mol above the fan isomer. A linear PuCCC isomer and a three-membered ring CPuC2 isomer were found to be higher in energy (150 and 195 kJ/mol, respectively, above the predicted global minimum). The possible processes for the formation of these species are discussed, and the IR spectra were predicted to help in possible experimental detection. The nature of the Pu-C interaction has been analyzed in terms of a topological analysis of the electronic density, showing that Pu-C bonding is essentially ionic with a certain degree of covalent character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Molpeceres
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC , Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M Rayón
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid , Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen Barrientos
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid , Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Largo
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid , Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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