1
|
Miao Y, Wang D, Chen Y, Zhu X, Tang X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Chen J. General toxicity and genotoxicity of alternariol: a novel 28-day multi-endpoint assessment in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Mycotoxin Res 2022; 38:231-241. [PMID: 35913592 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-022-00466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) is one of the toxins of Alternaria, and it has been widely detected in a variety of foods. It has been reported to be cytotoxic, dermally toxic, genotoxic, and potentially carcinogenic in vitro. However, in vivo toxicity data are lacking. This study used a novel in vivo 28-day multi-endpoint (Pig-a assay + micronucleus test + comet assay) genotoxicity evaluation system to evaluate the general toxicity and genotoxicity of AOH. A total of 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three AOH-treated groups (5.51, 10.03, and 22.05 µg/kg bw), one AOH high-dose recovery group (AOH-HR, 22.05 µg/kg bw), one positive control group (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, 40 mg/kg bw), and two vehicle control groups (corn oil and PBS). Treatments were administered by oral gavage for 28 consecutive days. Histopathological lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, and spleen in all AOH-treated groups. No statistical difference was found in each genotoxicity index within 28 days in the AOH-treated groups compared with those in the corn oil group. On day 42, in the AOH-HR group, the rate of Pig-a mutant phenotype reticulocytes (RETCD59-) significantly increased. On day 56, both RETCD59- and the rate of Pig-a mutant phenotype erythrocytes (RBCCD59-) were significantly reduced. These findings indicated that AOH might cumulatively induce genetic mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqiu Miao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyao Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rue KL, Niu G, Li J, Raptis RG. Crystal Structure Determination and Hirshfeld Analysis of a New Alternariol Packing Polymorph. CRYSTALS 2022; 12. [PMID: 35968538 PMCID: PMC9374539 DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
A new polymorph of the mycotoxin alternariol is reported and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural data, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and 2D fingerprint plots are used to compare differences in the intermolecular interactions of the orthorhombic Pca21 Form I (previously reported) and the monoclinic P21/c Form II (herein reported). The polymorphs have small differences in planarity—7.55° and 2.19° between the terminal rings for Form I and Form II, respectively—that brings about significant differences in the crystal packing and O-H … H interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Rue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts, Science & Education, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Guodong Niu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts, Science & Education, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts, Science & Education, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, College of Arts, Science & Education, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.G.R.)
| | - Raphael G. Raptis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts, Science & Education, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, College of Arts, Science & Education, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.G.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
M Santhosh N, Shvalya V, Modic M, Hojnik N, Zavašnik J, Olenik J, Košiček M, Filipič G, Abdulhalim I, Cvelbar U. Label-Free Mycotoxin Raman Identification by High-Performing Plasmonic Vertical Carbon Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103677. [PMID: 34636140 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are widespread chemical entities in the agriculture and food industries that can induce cancer growth and immune deficiency, posing a serious health threat for humankind. These hazardous compounds are produced naturally by various molds (fungi) that contaminate different food products and can be detected in cereals, nuts, spices, and other food products. However, their detection, especially at minimally harmful concentrations, remains a serious analytical challenge. This research shows that high-performing plasmonic substrates (analytical enhancement factor = 5 × 107 ) based on plasma-grown vertical hollow carbon nanotubes can be applied for immediate detection of the most toxic mycotoxins. Due to excellent sensitivity allowing operation at ppb concentrations, it is possible to collect vibrational fingerprints of aflatoxin B1 , zearalenone, alternariol, and fumonisin B1 , highlighting the key spectral differences between them using principal component analysis. Regarding time-consuming conventional methods, including thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the designed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates provide a clear roadmap to reducing the detection time-scale of mycotoxins down to seconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelakandan M Santhosh
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Vasyl Shvalya
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Martina Modic
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Hojnik
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Janez Zavašnik
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Olenik
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Martin Košiček
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Filipič
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ibrahim Abdulhalim
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ilse-Katz Institute for Nano-Scale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Agwupuye JA, Neji PA, Louis H, Odey JO, Unimuke TO, Bisiong EA, Eno EA, Utsu PM, Ntui TN. Investigation on electronic structure, vibrational spectra, NBO analysis, and molecular docking studies of aflatoxins and selected emerging mycotoxins against wild-type androgen receptor. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07544. [PMID: 34345733 PMCID: PMC8319581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The geometry, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), vibrational, NBO analysis, and molecular docking simulations of aflatoxins (B1, B2, M1, M2, G1, G2), zearalenone (ZEA) emodin (EMO), alternariol (AOH), alternariol monoethyl ether (AMME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) mycotoxins have been extensively theoretically studied and discussed based on quantum density functional theory calculations using Gaussian 16 software package. The theoretical computation for the geometry optimization, NBOs, and the molecular docking interaction was conducted using Density Functional Theory with B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), NBO program, and AutoDock Vina tools respectively. Charge delocalization patterns and second-order perturbation energies of the most interacting natural bond orbitals (NBOs) of these mycotoxins have also been computed and predicted. Interestingly, among the mycotoxins investigated, aflatoxin G1 is seen to give the strongest stabilization energy while Zearalenone shows the highest tendency to accept electron(s) and emodin, an emerging mycotoxin gave the best binding pose within the androgen receptor pocket with a mean binding affinity of -7.40 kcal/mol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Agwupuye
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Peter A. Neji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O. Odey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Tomsmith O. Unimuke
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel A. Bisiong
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ededet A. Eno
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Patrick M. Utsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Tabe N. Ntui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hahm E, Kim YH, Pham XH, Jun BH. Highly Reproducible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Alternariol Using Silver-Embedded Silica Nanoparticles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3523. [PMID: 32580325 PMCID: PMC7349361 DOI: 10.3390/s20123523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) is a mycotoxin from fungi that has been found in processed foods due to its high thermal stability. To address the complexity and costs of conventional AOH detection methods, we propose an alternative based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and specially designed nanoparticle substrate. Herein, silver-embedded silica (SiO2@Ag) nanoparticles with a highly reproducible SERS signal were successfully developed for detecting AOH. Silica nanoparticles (~145 nm) were used as a template to deposit silver nanoparticles (~17 nm), thereby generating SiO2@Ag. The SiO2@Ag nanoparticles showed a good linearity between SERS signal intensity and AOH concentrations from 16 to 1000 nM with a limit of detection of 4.83 nM. Additionally, the SERS signal of the SiO2@Ag nanoparticles was highly reproducible, with relative standard deviations of 2.33-5.95% in the AOH concentration range from 10 to 10,000 nM, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed SERS method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (E.H.); (Y.-H.K.); (X.-H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fliszár-Nyúl E, Lemli B, Kunsági-Máté S, Szente L, Poór M. Interactions of Mycotoxin Alternariol with Cyclodextrins and its Removal from Aqueous Solution by Beta-Cyclodextrin Bead Polymer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090428. [PMID: 31480370 PMCID: PMC6769471 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternariol is an Alternaria mycotoxin that appears in fruits, tomatoes, oilseeds, and corresponding products. Chronic exposure to it can induce carcinogenic and xenoestrogenic effects. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are ring-shaped molecules built up by glucose units, which form host–guest type complexes with some mycotoxins. Furthermore, insoluble CD polymers seem suitable for the extraction/removal of mycotoxins from aqueous solutions. In this study, the interactions of alternariol with β- and γ-CDs were tested by employing fluorescence spectroscopic and modeling studies. Moreover, the removal of alternariol from aqueous solutions by insoluble β-CD bead polymer (BBP) was examined. Our major observations/conclusions are the following: (1) CDs strongly increased the fluorescence of alternariol, the strongest enhancement was induced by the native γ-CD at pH 7.4. (2) Alternariol formed the most stable complexes with the native γ-CD (logK = 3.2) and the quaternary ammonium derivatives (logK = 3.4–3.6) at acidic/physiological pH and at pH 10.0, respectively. (3) BBP effectively removed alternariol from aqueous solution. (4) The alternariol-binding ability of β-CD polymers was significantly higher than was expected based on their β-CD content. (5) CD technology seems a promising tool to improve the fluorescence detection of alternariol and/or to develop new mycotoxin binders to decrease alternariol exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|