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Xing F, Duan X, Liu M, Chen J, Long C, Chen R, Sun J, Wu S, Chen L, Xiang Z. [Construction and preliminary study on biological characteristics of composite cell sheets of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells derived from peripheral blood]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:109-115. [PMID: 31939245 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201901087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To separate peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSC) and peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (PBEPC) from peripheral blood, and investigate the biological characteristics of composite cell sheets of PBMSC and PBEPC. Methods The peripheral blood of healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits was extracted and PBMSC and PBEPC were separated by density gradient centrifugation. Morphological observation and identification of PBMSC and PBEPC were performed. The 3rd generation of PBMSC and PBEPC were used to construct a composite cell sheet at a ratio of 1∶1, and the 3rd generation of PBMSC was used to construct a single cell sheet as control. The distributions of cells in two kinds of cell sheets were observed by HE staining. In addition, the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the supernatants of cell sheets were observed by ELISA at 1, 5, and 10 days after osteogenic induction. Results The morphology of PBMSC was spindle-shaped or polygonal, and PBMSC had good abilities of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The morphology of PBEPC was paved stone-like, and the tube-forming test of PBEPC was positive. Two kinds of cell sheets were white translucent. The results of HE staining showed that the composite cell sheet had more cell layers and higher cell density than the single cell sheet. The expressions of ALP, OCN, and VEGF in the supernatant of the two groups of cell sheets increased with the time of induction. The expression of OCN in the group of composite cell sheet was significantly higher than that in the group of single cell sheet on the 5th and 10th day, ALP on the 10th day was significantly higher than that in the group of single cell sheet, VEGF expression on the 1st, 5th, and 10th day was significantly higher than that in the group of single cell sheet, all showing significant differences ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups at other time points ( P>0.05). Conclusion PBMSC have stable differentiation ability, and they have good application prospects because of their minimally invasive access. Composite cell membranes constructed by co-culture of two kinds of cells and induction of membrane formation provides a new idea and exploration for tissue defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Cheng Long
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,
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Kusuma GD, Abumaree MH, Pertile MD, Perkins AV, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived From a Reproductive Tissue Niche Under Oxidative Stress Have High Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:285-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Povsic TJ, Sloane R, Pieper CF, Pearson MP, Peterson ED, Cohen HJ, Morey MC. Endothelial Progenitor Cell Levels Predict Future Physical Function: An Exploratory Analysis From the VA Enhanced Fitness Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:362-9. [PMID: 26511012 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levels of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) are depleted with aging and chronic injury and are associated with level of physical functioning; however, little is known about the correlation of CPCs with longer-term measures of physical capabilities. We sought to determine the association of CPCs with future levels of physical function and with changes in physical function over time. METHODS CPCs were measured in 117 participants with impaired glucose tolerance in the Enhanced Fitness clinical trial based on the cell surface markers CD34 and CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Physical function was assessed using usual and rapid gait speed, 6-minute walk distance, chair stand time, and SF-36 physical functioning score and reassessed at 3 and 12 months after clinical intervention. RESULTS Higher baseline levels of CD133(+), CD34(+), CD133(+)CD34(+), and ALDH(br) were each highly predictive of faster gait speed and longer distance walked in 6 minutes at both 3 and 12 months. These associations remained robust after adjustment for age, body mass index, baseline covariates, and inflammation and were independent of interventions to improve physical fitness. Further, higher CPC levels predicted greater improvements in usual and rapid gait speed over 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Baseline CPC levels are associated not only with baseline mobility but also with future physical function, including changes in gait speed. These findings suggest that CPC measurement may be useful as a marker of both current and future physiologic aging and functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Sloane
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Megan P Pearson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center and Center for Health Services Research and Development, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Harvey J Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center and
| | - Miriam C Morey
- Department of Medicine, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center and Center for Health Services Research and Development, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Povsic TJ, Najjar SS, Prather K, Zhou J, Adams SD, Zavodni KL, Kelly F, Melton LG, Hasselblad V, Heitner JF, Raman SV, Barsness GW, Patel MR, Kim RJ, Lakatta EG, Harrington RA, Rao SV. EPC mobilization after erythropoietin treatment in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the REVEAL EPC substudy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2014; 36:375-83. [PMID: 23700090 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-0944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) was hypothesized to mitigate reperfusion injury, in part via mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The REVEAL trial found no reduction in infarct size with a single dose of EPO (60,000 U) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In a substudy, we aimed to determine the feasibility of cryopreserving and centrally analyzing EPC levels to assess the relationship between EPC numbers, EPO administration, and infarct size. As a prespecified substudy, mononuclear cells were locally cryopreserved before as well as 24 and 48-72 h after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. EPC samples were collected in 163 of 222 enrolled patients. At least one sample was obtained from 125 patients, and all three time points were available in 83 patients. There were no significant differences in the absolute EPC numbers over time or between EPO- and placebo-treated patients; however, there was a trend toward a greater increase in EPC levels from 24 to 48-72 h postintervention in patients receiving ≥30,000 U of EPO (P = 0.099 for CD133(+) cells, 0.049 for CD34(+) cells, 0.099 for ALDH(br) cells). EPC numbers at baseline were inversely related to infarct size (P = 0.03 for CD133(+) cells, 0.006 for CD34(+) cells). Local whole cell cryopreservation and central EPC analysis in the context of a multicenter randomized trial is feasible but challenging. High-dose (≥30,000 U) EPO may mobilize EPCs at 48-72 h, and baseline EPC levels may be inversely associated with infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Povsic
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Box 103208, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,
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Povsic TJ, Sloane R, Zhou J, Pieper CF, Pearson MP, Peterson ED, Green JB, Cohen HJ, Morey MC. Lower levels of circulating progenitor cells are associated with low physical function and performance in elderly men with impaired glucose tolerance: a pilot substudy from the VA Enhanced Fitness trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1559-66. [PMID: 23682163 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is marked by a decline in physical function. Although the biological underpinnings for this remain unclear, loss of regenerative capacity has been proposed as one cause of the loss of physical function that occurs over time. The quantity of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) may be one reflection of regenerative capability. We sought to determine whether certain specific CPC subpopulations were associated with physical function. METHODS Baseline CPCs were measured in 129 randomized participants in the Enhanced Fitness clinical trial based on the cell surface markers CD34, CD133, CD146, and CD14 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Physical function was assessed using usual and rapid gait speed, 6-minute walk distance, chair stand time, and balance time. RESULTS Low counts of early angiogenic CPCs identified as CD34(+), CD34(+)CD133(+), and ALDH-bright (ALDH(br)) cells were associated with low usual gait speed (p < .005, p < .001, and p < .007), rapid gait speed (p < .001, p < .003, and p < .001), and 6-minute walking distance (all comparisons p < .001), and longer time required to complete five chair stands (p < .006, p < .002, and p < .004). CPC counts of mature endothelial or monocytic markers were not associated with physical function. CONCLUSIONS The numbers of CD34(+) and ALDH(br) CPCs are significantly lower in patients with impaired physical function. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying causes for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Povsic
- Box 103208, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708.
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Inrig JK, Van Buren P, Kim C, Vongpatanasin W, Povsic TJ, Toto R. Probing the mechanisms of intradialytic hypertension: a pilot study targeting endothelial cell dysfunction. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7:1300-9. [PMID: 22700888 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.10010911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Intradialytic hypertension may be caused by an impaired endothelial cell response to hemodialysis. Carvedilol has been shown to improve endothelial cell function in vivo and to block endothelin-1 release in vitro. This study hypothesized that carvedilol would improve endothelial cell function and reduce the occurrence of intradialytic hypertension. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A prospective 12-week pilot study of carvedilol titrated to 50 mg twice daily was performed among 25 hemodialysis participants with intradialytic hypertension. Each patient served as his or her own control. Paired tests were used to analyze changes in BP and endothelial cell function--assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation, endothelial progenitor cells (aldehyde dehydrogenase bright activity and CD34(+)CD133(+)), asymmetric dimethylarginine, and endothelin-1--from baseline to study end. RESULTS Flow-mediated vasodilation was significantly improved with carvedilol (from 1.03% to 1.40%, P=0.02). There was no significant change in endothelial progenitor cells, endothelin-1, or asymmetric dimethylarginine. Although prehemodialysis systolic BP was unchanged (144-146 mmHg, P=0.5), posthemodialysis systolic BP, 44-hour ambulatory systolic BP, and the frequency of intradialytic hypertension decreased with carvedilol (159-142 mmHg, P<0.001; 155-148 mmHg, P=0.05; and 77% [4.6 of 6] to 28% [1.7 of 6], P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among hemodialysis participants with intradialytic hypertension, targeting endothelial cell dysfunction with carvedilol was associated with modest improvements in endothelial function, improved intradialytic and interdialytic BP, and reduced frequency of intradialytic hypertension. Randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jula K Inrig
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8523, USA.
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Inrig JK, Van Buren P, Kim C, Vongpatanasin W, Povsic TJ, Toto RD. Intradialytic hypertension and its association with endothelial cell dysfunction. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6:2016-24. [PMID: 21757643 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.11351210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Intradialytic hypertension is associated with adverse outcomes, yet the mechanism is uncertain. Patients with intradialytic hypertension exhibit imbalances in endothelial-derived vasoregulators nitric oxide and endothelin-1, indirectly suggesting endothelial cell dysfunction. We hypothesized that intradialytic hypertension is associated in vivo with endothelial cell dysfunction, a novel predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We performed a case-control cohort study including 25 hemodialysis (HD) subjects without (controls) and 25 with intradialytic hypertension (an increase in systolic BP pre- to postdialysis ≥10 mmHg ≥4/6 consecutive HD sessions). The primary outcome was peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) assessed by aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH(br)) and cell surface marker expression (CD34(+)CD133(+)). We also assessed endothelial function by ultrasonographic measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) normalized for shear stress. Parametric and nonparametric t tests were used to compare EPCs, FMD, and BP. RESULTS Baseline characteristics and comorbidities were similar between groups. Compared with controls, 2-week average predialysis systolic BP was lower among subjects with intradialytic hypertension (144.0 versus 155.5 mmHg), but postdialysis systolic BP was significantly higher (159.0 versus 128.1 mmHg). Endothelial cell function was impaired among subjects with intradialytic hypertension as measured by decreased median ALDH(br) cells and decreased CD34(+)CD133(+) cells (ALDH(br), 0.034% versus 0.053%; CD34(+)CD133(+), 0.033% versus 0.059%). FMD was lower among subjects with intradialytic hypertension (1.03% versus 1.67%). CONCLUSIONS Intradialytic hypertension is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction. We propose that endothelial cell dysfunction may partially explain the higher event rates observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jula K Inrig
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8523, USA.
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Alison MR, Guppy NJ, Lim SML, Nicholson LJ. Finding cancer stem cells: are aldehyde dehydrogenases fit for purpose? J Pathol 2011; 222:335-44. [PMID: 20848663 DOI: 10.1002/path.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite many years of intensive effort, there is surprisingly little consensus on the most suitable markers with which to locate and isolate stem cells from adult tissues. By comparison, the study of cancer stem cells is still in its infancy; so, unsurprisingly, there is great uncertainty as to the identity of these cells. Stem cell markers can be broadly categorized into molecular determinants of self-renewal, clonogenicity, multipotentiality, adherence to the niche, and longevity. This review assesses the utility of recognizing cancer stem cells by virtue of high expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), probably significant determinants of cell survival through their ability to detoxify many potentially cytotoxic molecules, and contributing to drug resistance. Antibodies are available against the ALDH enzyme family, but the vast majority of studies have used cell sorting techniques to enrich for cells expressing these enzymes. Live cells expressing high ALDH activity are usually identified by the ALDEFLUOR kit and sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). For many human tumours, but notably breast cancer, cell selection based upon ALDH activity appears to be a useful marker for enriching for cells with tumour-initiating activity (presumed cancer stem cells) in immunodeficient mice, and indeed the frequency of so-called ALDH(bri) cells in many tumours can be an independent prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm R Alison
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and London School of Medicine, London, UK.
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Melloni C, Rao SV, Povsic TJ, Melton L, Kim RJ, Kilaru R, Patel MR, Talan M, Ferrucci L, Longo DL, Lakatta EG, Najjar SS, Harrington RA. Design and rationale of the Reduction of Infarct Expansion and Ventricular Remodeling with Erythropoietin after Large Myocardial Infarction (REVEAL) trial. Am Heart J 2010; 160:795-803.e2. [PMID: 21095264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of death despite advances in pharmacologic and percutaneous therapies. Animal models of ischemia/reperfusion have demonstrated that single-dose erythropoietin may reduce infarct size, decrease apoptosis, and increase neovascularization, possibly through mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells. STUDY DESIGN REVEAL is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating the effects of epoetin α on infarct size and left ventricular remodeling in patients with large MIs. The trial comprises a dose-escalation safety phase and a single-dose efficacy phase using the highest acceptable epoetin α dose up to 60,000 IU. Up to 250 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention will be randomized to intravenous epoetin α or placebo within 4 hours of successful reperfusion. The primary study end point is infarct size expressed as a percentage of left ventricular mass, as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 2 to 6 days post study medication administration. Secondary end points will assess changes in endothelial progenitor cell numbers and changes in indices of ventricular remodeling. CONCLUSION The REVEAL trial will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the highest tolerated single dose of epoetin α in patients who have undergone successful rescue or primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
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The effect of aspirin on endothelial progenitor cell biology: preliminary investigation of novel properties. Thromb Res 2010; 126:e175-9. [PMID: 20659762 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Atherosclerosis develops in an environment of endothelial injury and inflammation. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are required for vascular repair and restoration of normal endothelial function. We tested the hypothesis that the nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor aspirin (ASA) exerts an effect on circulating EPCs. METHODS As part of a larger study evaluating the effect of aspirin dose in primary and secondary prevention, subjects (n=32) were assigned randomly to either 81 mg or 325 mg aspirin daily for two months, and circulating mononuclear cells were enumerated at the beginning of the study and after 2 months using fluorescent antibodies against CD34 and CD133 as well as based on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Brachial artery endothelial function via flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD) and light transmittance platelet aggregometry in response to physiologic agonists was also determined. RESULTS Subjects taking aspirin at the time of study entry had a lower numbers of CD133+/34+ cells compared to those not previously exposed (0.01% vs. 0.05% of MNCs, P<0.03). After 2 months, subjects randomized to 81 vs. 325 mg of ASA had no significant differences in the median numbers of EPCs, although mean numbers trended lower in the high dose group. Patients on chronic ASA therapy continued to have lower numbers of EPCs. Similar effects were observed in CD34 and CD 133 single-positive cells, as well as ALDH(br) cells. BAFMD did not differ nor change significantly over time between aspirin dose groups. All patients had decreased ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid and ADP stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary studies suggest that aspirin exerts a time-dependent effect on circulating EPCs. Short-term exposure to differing doses of ASA had indeterminate effects on EPCs levels, suggesting that time of ASA exposure may play a more important role than dose. Determining the responsible mechanism(s) and the overall clinical relevance of these findings will require further investigation.
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