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Zhou H, Zhang M, Sun L, Li W, Liu Q. A simple LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of cilostazol and ambroxol in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma and its application to drug-drug pharmacokinetic interaction study following oral delivery in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122766. [PMID: 34247102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a combination of cilostazol and ambroxol has been used in the clinical treatment of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). However, the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction (DDI) of cilostazol and ambroxol has not been reported. In this paper, a rapid, reproducible and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of cilostazol and ambroxol in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat plasma was established and validated for the first time. Domperidone was used as the internal standard (IS) and one-step liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was used to extract analytes and IS from plasma samples with methyl tert-butyl ether as extractant. A rapid chromatographic separation within 4.8 min was carried on an Ultimate ® XB-C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-formic acid (0.1%) aqueous solution (90:2:8, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 500 μL/min. The quantitative detection of the analytes and IS were performed on a positive electrospray ionization mode (ESI), and scanned by multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) with the ion transitions m/z 370.3 → m/z 288.2 for cilostazol, m/z 378.8 → m/z 263.8 for ambroxol and m/z 426.2 → m/z 175.1 for domperidone (IS), respectively. It had good linearity in the range of 5.0-1000 ng/mL for cilostazol and 1.0-200 ng/mL for ambroxol in rat plasma. The methodology was fully validated with selectivity, linearity, lower limits of quantification, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, stability and carry-over effect. The validated data have met the determination requirements of biological samples in FDA guideline. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics and DDI study of cilostazol and ambroxol in male SD rats. The current study found that the interaction between cilostazol and ambroxol may be caused by CYP3A4 and the pharmacological properties of cilostazol, which may be helpful for therapeutic drug monitoring, clinical dose reference and provide a valuable tool for drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wenfang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Cai Y, Xu W, Liu H, Wang F, Duan L, Li H, Li M, Li Y, Han L, Xiao H. Effects of cigarette smoking on older chinese men treated with clopidogrel monotherapy or aspirin monotherapy: a prospective study. Platelets 2019; 31:667-673. [PMID: 31556777 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1667494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the comparative effects of smoking status on outcomes in older Chinese men receiving aspirin or clopidogrel monotherapy. This was a prospective observational study of outcomes in 668 men aged ≥ 60 years undergoing annual health examination in the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from March-April 2017. All patients received regular treatment with aspirin or clopidogrel. Platelet aggregation and phenotyping for rs762551 were measured in all patients. We recorded all major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events; namely, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and unstable angina. In the clopidogrel subgroup, homozygous carriers (AA) of the CYP1A2*1F gene (rs762551, 163C>A) appeared more frequently in smokers than in nonsmokers (45.6% vs 32.7%, p = .035). Adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation using light transmittance aggregometry was lower in smokers compared with nonsmokers (44.97 ± 20.05% vs 51.98 ± 19.38%, respectively; p = .0018). Smokers (n = 103) had a decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, compared with nonsmokers [n = 159; hazard ratio, 0.466; 95% confidence interval: 0.262-0.829, p = .008]. In the aspirin subgroup, AA-induced platelet aggregation showed no significant difference regarding smoking vs nonsmoking status (30.90 ± 32.21 vs 29.78 ± 31.47, respectively; p = .771). However, we saw a significant increase in adverse clinical events in the smoking group (n = 148) compared with the nonsmoking group (n = 258; hazard ratio = 1.907, 95% confidence interval: 1.128-3.225; p = .016). In older Chinese men, active smokers benefitted from clopidogrel therapy compared with aspirin. Long-term cigarette smoking may contribute to increased variations in CYP1A2*1F, but the variations do not fully explain the smoking paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Cai
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Xu
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Man Li
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yuerui Li
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Lina Han
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Hunan Xiao
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
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Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the cerebral arterioles of rats deteriorates during acute hyperglycemia and then is restored by reducing the glucose level. J Anesth 2018; 32:531-538. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fujii T, Obara H, Matsubara K, Fujimura N, Yagi H, Hibi T, Abe Y, Kitago M, Shinoda M, Itano O, Tanabe M, Masugi Y, Sakamoto M, Kitagawa Y. Oral administration of cilostazol improves survival rate after rat liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2017; 213:207-214. [PMID: 28601316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cilostazol is a type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to treat the symptoms of intermittent claudication. Recent studies have shown that cilostazol decreases ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in several organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the effects of cilostazol in a rat model of liver I/R injury. Thirty male Wistar rats with liver I/R injury were divided into a cilostazol or saline (control) group (n = 15 each). Each rat was orally administered cilostazol or saline for 3 d before I/R injury. Liver I/R injury was induced via 1 h of warm ischemia of the median and left lateral liver lobes, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. The rats were then euthanized. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were measured. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the treatment groups. Histologic examination was performed on the liver tissues. We also conducted a survival study to confirm the effect of cilostazol on the mortality rate in rats. For the survival study, a liver I/R injury model with an ischemia time of 1.5 h was used, and the rats were observed for 1 wk. RESULTS Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the cilostazol group than in the saline group. Treatment with cilostazol significantly improved pathological findings associated with liver I/R injury and increased survival rate compared to that in controls. CONCLUSIONS Cilostazol reduced mortality and alleviated the effects of liver I/R injury in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fujii
- Department of Surgery, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Obara
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Matsubara
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujimura
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Itano
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Effects of topical and intravenous JM-1232(-) infusion on cerebrovascular reactivity in rats. J Anesth 2015; 29:798-802. [PMID: 25913256 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-015-2017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel short-acting benzodiazepine receptor agonist, JM-1232(-), has been shown to have a sedative/hypnotic effect and wide safety margin. However, its effect on cerebral vessels is not well known. Therefore, we investigated the cerebrovascular reactivity to topical and intravenous JM-1232(-) and during hypotension or hypercapnia with intravenous administration of JM-1232(-). We used a closed cranial window preparation to measure the changes of cerebral pial arteriolar diameters in isoflurane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. We first measured the direct effect of topical JM-1232(-). We then determined the effect of intravenous JM-1232(-) and then we measured the response to hypercapnia before and after JM-1232(-) infusion. Finally, we measured the reaction to stepwise induction of hypotension before and after JM-1232(-) infusion. Topical infusion of JM-1232(-) dilated pial arterioles. Intravenous infusion of JM-1232(-) changed pial arterioles by 4.5 ± 2.7 %, 5.0 ± 3.9 %, and -2.8 ± 2.6 % (at 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg/min, respectively). Hypercapnia dilated pial arterioles before and after JM-1232(-) infusion. The diameters of pial arterioles did not change during hypotension before or after intravenous JM-1232(-) infusion. These results indicate that topical JM-1232(-) has a dilative effect on pial arterioles and that intravenous administration of JM-1232(-) may not affect cerebrovascular reactivity to hypotension or hypercapnia.
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Kurtoglu T, Basoglu H, Ozkisacik EA, Cetin NK, Tataroglu C, Yenisey C, Discigil B. Effects of Cilostazol on Oxidative Stress, Systemic Cytokine Release, and Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model of Transient Aortic Occlusion. Ann Vasc Surg 2014; 28:479-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Preventive effect of varenicline on impairment of endothelial function in cerebral vessels induced by acute smoking in rats. J Anesth 2012; 26:928-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-012-1433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nakamura T, Tsuruta S, Uchiyama S. Cilostazol combined with aspirin prevents early neurological deterioration in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A pilot study. J Neurol Sci 2012; 313:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Aspirin suppresses cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen formation through downregulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor transcription. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 259:346-54. [PMID: 22306536 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid, ASA) is a common drug used for its analgesic and antipyretic effects. Recent studies show that ASA not only blocks cyclooxygenase, but also inhibits NADPH oxidase and resultant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, a pathway that underlies pathogenesis of several ailments, including hypertension and tissue remodeling after injury. In these disease states, angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NADPH oxidase via its type 1 receptor (AT1R) and leads to fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis. In this study, we examined if ASA would inhibit NADPH oxidase activation, upregulation of AT1R transcription, and subsequent collagen generation in mouse cardiac fibroblasts challenged with Ang II. Mouse heart fibroblasts were isolated and treated with Ang II with or without ASA. As expected, Ang II induced AT1R expression, and stimulated cardiac fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis. The AT1R blocker losartan attenuated these effects of Ang II. Similarly to losartan, ASA, and its SA moiety suppressed Ang II-mediated AT1R transcription and fibroblast proliferation as well as expression of collagens and MMPs. ASA also suppressed the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (p22(phox), p47(phox), p67(phox), NOX2 and NOX4) and ROS generation. ASA did not affect total NF-κB p65, but inhibited its phosphorylation and activation. These observations suggest that ASA inhibits Ang II-induced NADPH oxidase expression, NF-κB activation and AT1R transcription in cardiac fibroblasts, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen expression. The critical role of NADPH oxidase activity in stimulation of AT1R transcription became apparent in experiments where ASA also inhibited AT1R transcription in cardiac fibroblasts challenged with H2O2. Since SA had similar effect as ASA on AT1R expression, we suggest that ASA's effect is mediated by its SA moiety.
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Oyama N, Yagita Y, Kawamura M, Sugiyama Y, Terasaki Y, Omura-Matsuoka E, Sasaki T, Kitagawa K. Cilostazol, not aspirin, reduces ischemic brain injury via endothelial protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2011; 42:2571-7. [PMID: 21799161 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.609834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is well-established that hypertension leads to endothelial dysfunction in the cerebral artery. Recently, cilostazol has been used for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Among antiplatelet drugs, phosphodiesterase inhibitors including cilostazol have been shown to have protective effects on endothelial cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of cilostazol and aspirin on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in the cerebral cortex, endothelial function, and infarct size after brain ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Five-week-old male SHR received a 5-week regimen of chow containing 0.1% aspirin, 0.1% cilostazol, 0.3% cilostazol, or the vehicle control. The levels of total and Ser(1177)-phosphorylated eNOS protein in the cerebral cortex were evaluated by Western blot. To assess the contribution of eNOS in maintaining cerebral blood flow, we monitored cerebral blood flow by laser-Doppler flowmetry after L-N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)ornithine infusion. Additionally, we evaluated residual microperfusion using fluorescence-labeled serum protein and infarct size after transient focal brain ischemia. RESULTS In SHR, the blood pressure and heart rate were similar among the groups. Cilostazol-treated SHR had a significantly higher ratio of phospho-eNOS/total eNOS protein than vehicle-treated and aspirin-treated SHR. Treating with cilostazol, but not aspirin, significantly improved cerebral blood flow response to L-N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)ornithine. Cilostazol also increased residual perfusion of the microcirculation and reduced brain damage after ischemia compared to vehicle control and aspirin. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that cilostazol, but not aspirin, can attenuate ischemic brain injury by maintaining endothelial function in the cerebral cortex of SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Oyama
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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