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Ketoja JA, Saurio K, Rautkoski H, Kenttä E, Tanaka A, Koponen AI, Virkajärvi J, Heinonen K, Kostamo K, Järvenpää A, Hyry N, Heikkilä P, Hankonen N, Harlin A. Design of biodegradable cellulose filtration material with high efficiency and breathability. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122133. [PMID: 38670771 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Using respiratory protective equipment is one of the relevant preventive measures for infectious diseases, including COVID-19, and for various occupational respiratory hazards. Because experienced discomfort may result in a decrease in the utilization of respirators, it is important to enhance the material properties to resolve suboptimal usage. We combined several technologies to produce a filtration material that met requirements set by a cross-disciplinary interview study on the usability of protective equipment. Improved breathability, environmental sustainability, and comfort of the material were achieved by electrospinning poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibers on a thin foam-formed fabric from regenerated cellulose fibers. The high filtration efficiency of sub-micron-sized diethylhexyl sebacate (DEHS) aerosol particles resulted from the small mean segment length of 0.35 μm of the nanofiber network. For a particle diameter of 0.6 μm, the filtration efficiency of a single PEO layer varied in the range of 80-97 % depending on the coat weight. The corresponding pressure drop had the level of 20-90 Pa for the airflow velocity of 5.3 cm/s. Using a multilayer structure, a very high filtration efficiency of 99.5 % was obtained with only a slightly higher pressure drop. This opens a route toward designing sustainable personal protective media with improved user experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka A Ketoja
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Saurio
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Hille Rautkoski
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Eija Kenttä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Antti I Koponen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jussi Virkajärvi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kimmo Heinonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Katri Kostamo
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Anastasia Järvenpää
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Niina Hyry
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Pirjo Heikkilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Ali Harlin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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Hjelt T, Ketoja JA, Kiiskinen H, Koponen AI, Pääkkönen E. Foam forming of fiber products: a review. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1869035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Hjelt
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka A. Ketoja
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Harri Kiiskinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Elina Pääkkönen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
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Löwer E, Leißner T, Peuker U. Insight into filter cake structures using micro tomography: The dewatering equilibrium. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dadmohammadi Y, Kantzas A, Yu X, Datta AK. Estimating permeability and porosity of plant tissues: Evolution from raw to the processed states of potato. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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