1
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Jany BR. Quantifying colors at micrometer scale by colorimetric microscopy (C-Microscopy) approach. Micron 2024; 176:103557. [PMID: 37864984 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The color is the primal property of the objects around us and is direct manifestation of light-matter interactions. The color information is used in many different fields of science, technology and industry to investigate material properties or for identification of concentrations of substances. Usually the color information is used as a global parameter in a macro scale. To quantitatively measure color information in micro scale one needs to use dedicated microscope spectrophotometers or specialized micro-reflectance setups. Here, the Colorimetric Microscopy (C-Microscopy) approach based on digital optical microscopy and a free software is presented. The C-Microscopy approach uses color calibrated image and colorimetric calculations to obtain physically meaningful quantities i.e., dominant wavelength and excitation purity maps at micro level scale. This allows for the discovery of the local color details of samples surfaces. Later, to fully characterize the optical properties, the hyperspectral reflectance data at micro scale (reflectance as a function of wavelength for a each point) are colorimetrically recovered. The C-Microscopy approach was successfully applied to various types of samples i.e., two metamorphic rocks unakite and lapis lazuli, which are mixtures of different minerals; and to the surface of gold 99.999 % pellet, which exhibits different types of surface features. The C-Microscopy approach could be used to quantify the local optical properties changes of various materials at microscale in an accessible way. The approach is freely available as a set of python jupyter notebooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedykt R Jany
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30348 Krakow, Poland.
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2
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Bowers CA, Miller CT. Modeling flow of Carreau fluids in porous media. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:065106. [PMID: 38243484 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.065106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Carreau fluids occur routinely in porous medium systems for a range of applications, and the dependence of the viscosity for such fluids on the rate of strain tensor poses challenges to modeling at an averaged macroscale. Traditional approaches for macroscale modeling such flows have relied upon experimental observations of flows for generalized Newtonian fluids (GNFs) and a phenomenological approach referred to herein as the shift factor. A recently developed approach based upon averaging conservation and thermodynamic equations from the microscale for Cross model GNFs is extended to the case of Carreau fluids and shown to predict the flow through both isotropic and anisotropic media accurately without the need for GNF-flow experiments. The model is formulated in terms of rheological properties, a standard Newtonian resistance tensor, and a length-scale tensor, which does require estimation. An approach based upon measures of the morphology and topology of the pore space is developed to approximate this length-scale tensor. Thus, this work provides the missing components needed to predict Carreau GNF macroscale flow with only rheological information for the fluid and analysis of the pore morphology and topology independent of any fluid flow experiments. Accuracy of predictions based upon this approach is quantified, and extension to other GNFs is straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Bowers
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Cass T Miller
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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3
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Yin R, Teng Q, Wu X, Zhang F, Xiong S. Three-dimensional reconstruction of granular porous media based on deep generative models. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:055303. [PMID: 38115524 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.055303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of microstructure in granular porous media, which can be viewed as granular assemblies, is crucial for studying their characteristics and physical properties in various fields concerned with the behavior of such media, including petroleum geology and computational materials science. In spite of the fact that many existing studies have investigated grain reconstruction, most of them treat grains as simplified individuals for discrete reconstruction, which cannot replicate the complex geometrical shapes and natural interactions between grains. In this work, a hybrid generative model based on a deep-learning algorithm is proposed for high-quality three-dimensional (3D) microstructure reconstruction of granular porous media from a single two-dimensional (2D) slice image. The method extracts 2D prior information from the given image and generates the grain set as a whole. Both a self-attention module and effective pattern loss are introduced in a bid to enhance the reconstruction ability of the model. Samples with grains of varied geometrical shapes are utilized for the validation of our method, and experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach can accurately reproduce the complex morphology and spatial distribution of grains without any artificiality. Furthermore, once the model training is complete, rapid end-to-end generation of diverse 3D realizations from a single 2D image can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyan Yin
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qizhi Teng
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuhua Xiong
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Fu J, Wang M, Chen B, Wang J, Xiao D, Luo M, Evans B. A data-driven framework for permeability prediction of natural porous rocks via microstructural characterization and pore-scale simulation. ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS 2023:1-32. [PMID: 37362240 PMCID: PMC10198039 DOI: 10.1007/s00366-023-01841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the microstructure-property relationships of porous media is of great practical significance, based on which macroscopic physical properties can be directly derived from measurable microstructural informatics. However, establishing reliable microstructure-property mappings in an explicit manner is difficult, due to the intricacy, stochasticity, and heterogeneity of porous microstructures. In this paper, a data-driven computational framework is presented to investigate the inherent microstructure-permeability linkage for natural porous rocks, where multiple techniques are integrated together, including microscopy imaging, stochastic reconstruction, microstructural characterization, pore-scale simulation, feature selection, and data-driven modeling. A large number of 3D digital rocks with a wide porosity range are acquired from microscopy imaging and stochastic reconstruction techniques. A broad variety of morphological descriptors are used to quantitatively characterize pore microstructures from different perspectives, and they compose the raw feature pool for feature selection. High-fidelity lattice Boltzmann simulations are conducted to resolve fluid flow passing through porous media, from which reliable permeability references are obtained. The optimal feature set that best represents permeability is identified through a performance-oriented feature selection process, upon which a cost-effective surrogate model is rapidly fitted to approximate the microstructure-permeability mapping via data-driven modeling. This surrogate model exhibits great advantages over empirical/analytical formulas in terms of prediction accuracy and generalization capacity, which can predict reliable permeability values spanning four orders of magnitude. Besides, feature selection also greatly enhances the interpretability of the data-driven prediction model, from which new insights into the mechanism of how microstructural characteristics determine intrinsic permeability are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Fu
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK
| | - Min Wang
- Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
| | - Dunhui Xiao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Min Luo
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021 Zhejiang China
| | - Ben Evans
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK
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5
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Cooper AJ, Howard MP, Kadulkar S, Zhao D, Delaney KT, Ganesan V, Truskett TM, Fredrickson GH. Multiscale modeling of solute diffusion in triblock copolymer membranes. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:024905. [PMID: 36641407 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop a multiscale simulation model for diffusion of solutes through porous triblock copolymer membranes. The approach combines two techniques: self-consistent field theory (SCFT) to predict the structure of the self-assembled, solvated membrane and on-lattice kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations to model diffusion of solutes. Solvation is simulated in SCFT by constraining the glassy membrane matrix while relaxing the brush-like membrane pore coating against the solvent. The kMC simulations capture the resulting solute spatial distribution and concentration-dependent local diffusivity in the polymer-coated pores; we parameterize the latter using particle-based simulations. We apply our approach to simulate solute diffusion through nonequilibrium morphologies of a model triblock copolymer, and we correlate diffusivity with structural descriptors of the morphologies. We also compare the model's predictions to alternative approaches based on simple lattice random walks and find our multiscale model to be more robust and systematic to parameterize. Our multiscale modeling approach is general and can be readily extended in the future to other chemistries, morphologies, and models for the local solute diffusivity and interactions with the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Cooper
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Michael P Howard
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Sanket Kadulkar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - David Zhao
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Kris T Delaney
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Glenn H Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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6
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Macrovoid resolved simulations of transport through HPRO relevant membrane geometries. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Characterization of Two-Phase Flow from Pore-Scale Imaging Using Fractal Geometry under Water-Wet and Mixed-Wet Conditions. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15062036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High resolution micro-computed tomography images for multiphase flow provide us an effective tool to understand the mechanism of fluid flow in porous media, which is not only fundamental to the understanding of macroscopic measurements but also for providing benchmark datasets to validate pore-scale modeling. In this study, we start from two datasets of pore scale imaging of two-phase flow obtained experimentally under in situ imaging conditions at different water fractional flows under water-wet and mixed-wet conditions. Then, fractal dimension, lacunarity and succolarity are used to quantify the complexity, clustering and flow capacity of water and oil phases. The results show that with the wettability of rock surface altered from water-wet to mixed-wet, the fractal dimension for the water phase increases while for the oil phase, it decreases obviously at low water saturation. Lacunarity largely depends on the degree of wettability alteration. The more uniform wetting surfaces are distributed, the more homogeneous the fluid configuration is, which indicates smaller values for lacunarity. Moreover, succolarity is shown to well characterize the wettability effect on flow capacity. The succolarity of the oil phase in the water-wet case is larger than that in the mixed-wet case while for the water phase, the succolarity value in the water-wet is small compared with that in the mixed-wet, which show a similar trend with relative permeability curves for water-wet and mixed-wet. Our study provides a perspective into the influence that phase geometry has on relative permeability under controlled wettability and the resulting phase fractal changes under different saturations that occur during multiphase flow, which allows a means to understand phase geometric changes that occur during fluid flow.
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8
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Vickers R, Weigand TM, Miller CT, Coronell O. Molecular Methods for Assessing the Morphology, Topology, and Performance of Polyamide Membranes. J Memb Sci 2022; 644:120110. [PMID: 35082452 PMCID: PMC8786217 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular-scale morphology and topology of polyamide composite membranes determine the performance characteristics of these materials. However, molecular-scale simulations are computationally expensive and morphological and topological characterization of molecular structures are not well developed. Molecular dynamics simulation and analysis methods for the polymerization, hydration, and quantification of polyamide membrane structures were developed and compared to elucidate efficient approaches for producing and analyzing the polyamide structure. Polymerization simulations that omitted the reaction-phase solvent did not change the observed hydration, pore-size distribution, or water permeability, while improving the simulation efficiency. Pre-insertion of water into the aggregate pores (radius ≈ 4 Å) of dry domains enabled shorter hydration simulations and improved simulation scaling, without altering pore structure, properties, or performance. Medial axis and Minkowski functional methods were implemented to identify permeation pathways and quantify the polyamide morphology and topology, respectively. Better agreement between simulations and experimentally observed systems was accomplished by increasing the domain size rather than increasing the number of ensemble realizations of smaller systems. The largest domain hydrated was an order of magnitude larger by volume than the largest domain previously reported. This work identifies methods that can enable more efficient and meaningful fundamental modeling of membrane materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley Vickers
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
| | - Timothy M. Weigand
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
| | - Cass T. Miller
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
| | - Orlando Coronell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
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9
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10
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2D-to-3D image translation of complex nanoporous volumes using generative networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20768. [PMID: 34675247 PMCID: PMC8531351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Image-based characterization offers a powerful approach to studying geological porous media at the nanoscale and images are critical to understanding reactive transport mechanisms in reservoirs relevant to energy and sustainability technologies such as carbon sequestration, subsurface hydrogen storage, and natural gas recovery. Nanoimaging presents a trade off, however, between higher-contrast sample-destructive and lower-contrast sample-preserving imaging modalities. Furthermore, high-contrast imaging modalities often acquire only 2D images, while 3D volumes are needed to characterize fully a source rock sample. In this work, we present deep learning image translation models to predict high-contrast focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) image volumes from transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) images when only 2D paired training data is available. We introduce a regularization method for improving 3D volume generation from 2D-to-2D deep learning image models and apply this approach to translate 3D TXM volumes to FIB-SEM fidelity. We then segment a predicted FIB-SEM volume into a flow simulation domain and calculate the sample apparent permeability using a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) technique. Results show that our image translation approach produces simulation domains suitable for flow visualization and allows for accurate characterization of petrophysical properties from non-destructive imaging data.
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11
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Suzuki A, Miyazawa M, Minto JM, Tsuji T, Obayashi I, Hiraoka Y, Ito T. Flow estimation solely from image data through persistent homology analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17948. [PMID: 34504173 PMCID: PMC8429714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topological data analysis is an emerging concept of data analysis for characterizing shapes. A state-of-the-art tool in topological data analysis is persistent homology, which is expected to summarize quantified topological and geometric features. Although persistent homology is useful for revealing the topological and geometric information, it is difficult to interpret the parameters of persistent homology themselves and difficult to directly relate the parameters to physical properties. In this study, we focus on connectivity and apertures of flow channels detected from persistent homology analysis. We propose a method to estimate permeability in fracture networks from parameters of persistent homology. Synthetic 3D fracture network patterns and their direct flow simulations are used for the validation. The results suggest that the persistent homology can estimate fluid flow in fracture network based on the image data. This method can easily derive the flow phenomena based on the information of the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Suzuki
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Miyazawa
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - James M Minto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Takeshi Tsuji
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0385, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0385, Japan
| | - Ippei Obayashi
- Cyber-Physical Engineering Information Research Core (Cypher), Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hiraoka
- Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, ASHBi, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ito
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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12
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She Y, Zhang C, Mahardika MA, Patmonoaji A, Hu Y, Matsushita S, Suekane T. Pore-scale study of in-situ surfactant flooding with strong oil emulsification in sandstone based on X-ray microtomography. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Deep neural networks for improving physical accuracy of 2D and 3D multi-mineral segmentation of rock micro-CT images. Appl Soft Comput 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Armstrong RT, Sun C, Mostaghimi P, Berg S, Rücker M, Luckham P, Georgiadis A, McClure JE. Multiscale Characterization of Wettability in Porous Media. Transp Porous Media 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Abstract
In geologic, biologic, and engineering porous media, bubbles (or droplets, ganglia) emerge in the aftermath of flow, phase change, or chemical reactions, where capillary equilibrium of bubbles significantly impacts the hydraulic, transport, and reactive processes. There has previously been great progress in general understanding of capillarity in porous media, but specific investigation into bubbles is lacking. Here, we propose a conceptual model of a bubble's capillary equilibrium associated with free energy inside a porous medium. We quantify the multistability and hysteretic behaviors of a bubble induced by multiple state variables and study the impacts of pore geometry and wettability. Surprisingly, our model provides a compact explanation of counterintuitive observations that bubble populations within porous media can be thermodynamically stable despite their large specific area by analyzing the relationship between free energy and bubble volume. This work provides a perspective for understanding dispersed fluids in porous media that is relevant to CO2 sequestration, petroleum recovery, and fuel cells, among other applications.
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16
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Effect of Saturation and Image Resolution on Representative Elementary Volume and Topological Quantification: An Experimental Study on Bentheimer Sandstone Using Micro-CT. Transp Porous Media 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Pore Space and Fluid Phase Characterization in Round and Angular Partially Saturated Sands Using Radiation-Based Tomography and Persistent Homology. Transp Porous Media 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Nanothermodynamic Description and Molecular Simulation of a Single-Phase Fluid in a Slit Pore. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010165. [PMID: 33440819 PMCID: PMC7827573 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have described for the first time the thermodynamic state of a highly confined single-phase and single-component fluid in a slit pore using Hill's thermodynamics of small systems. Hill's theory has been named nanothermodynamics. We started by constructing an ensemble of slit pores for controlled temperature, volume, surface area, and chemical potential. We have presented the integral and differential properties according to Hill, and used them to define the disjoining pressure on the new basis. We identified all thermodynamic pressures by their mechanical counterparts in a consistent manner, and have given evidence that the identification holds true using molecular simulations. We computed the entropy and energy densities, and found in agreement with the literature, that the structures at the wall are of an energetic, not entropic nature. We have shown that the subdivision potential is unequal to zero for small wall surface areas. We have showed how Hill's method can be used to find new Maxwell relations of a confined fluid, in addition to a scaling relation, which applies when the walls are far enough apart. By this expansion of nanothermodynamics, we have set the stage for further developments of the thermodynamics of confined fluids, a field that is central in nanotechnology.
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19
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Rock Porous Structure Characterization: A Critical Assessment of Various State-of-the-Art Techniques. Transp Porous Media 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-020-01518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Blunt MJ, Akai T, Bijeljic B. Evaluation of methods using topology and integral geometry to assess wettability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:99-108. [PMID: 32413784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The development of high-resolution in situ imaging has allowed contact angles to be measured directly inside porous materials. We evaluate the use of concepts in integral geometry to determine contact angle. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that it is possible to determine an average contact angle from measurements of the Gaussian curvature of the fluid/fluid meniscus using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. THEORY AND SIMULATION We show that it is not possible to unambiguously determine an average contact angle from the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. We instead present an approximate relationship: 2πn(1-cosθ)=4π-∫κG12dS12, where n is the number of closed loops of the three-phase contact line where phases 1 and 2 contact the surface, θ is the average contact angle, while κG12 is the Gaussian curvature of the fluid meniscus which is integrated over its surface S12. We then use the results of pore-scale lattice Boltzmann simulations to assess the accuracy of this approach to determine a representative contact angle for two-phase flow in porous media. FINDINGS We show that in simple cases with a flat solid surface, the approximate expression works well. When applied to simulations on pore space images, the equation provides a robust estimate of contact angle, accurate to within 3°, when averaged over many fluid clusters, although individual values can have significant errors because of the approximations used in the calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Blunt
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK.
| | - Takashi Akai
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Branko Bijeljic
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK
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21
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Osei-Bonsu K, Khorsandi S, Piri M. Quantitative analysis of phase topology evolution during three-phase displacements in porous media. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2495-2509. [PMID: 32514505 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase flow in subsurface formations is the essence of aquifer remediation and petroleum recovery processes, where the phase mobilities are greatly influenced by phase topologies. Yet, flow models rarely utilize quantified phase topologies due to the limited availability of such data. Here, we conducted cutting-edge experiments using a micromodel together with a state-of-the-art automated imaging system to capture images with high temporal and areal resolution to characterize the phase topologies for three-phase displacements. The micromodel setup used in this study is a close replica of flow in natural rocks as the resulting three-phase saturation routes agrees well with results of rocks core floods. The injection sequence was repeated with different fluids to compare the effects of fluid properties on phase topologies. The resulting high fidelity images were used to calculate topological parameters such as Euler characteristic, the contact area between phases, flowing sub-phase, wetted rock surface area and saturations. We show that the trend of topological parameters helps to identify the dominant pore scale mechanisms. Furthermore, the developed workflow assists with verification of the microfluidic devices and mechanistic scaling of the microfluidic results to the desired condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Osei-Bonsu
- Center of Innovation for Flow through Porous Media, Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.
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22
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McClure JE, Ramstad T, Li Z, Armstrong RT, Berg S. Modeling Geometric State for Fluids in Porous Media: Evolution of the Euler Characteristic. Transp Porous Media 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-020-01420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Jiang H, Arns CH. Fast Fourier transform and support-shift techniques for pore-scale microstructure classification using additive morphological measures. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:033302. [PMID: 32290006 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.033302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Minkowski functionals, as the full set of additive morphological measures in three dimensions (3D) consisting of volume, surface area, mean curvature, and total curvature, can be calculated directly by evaluating the local contributions of vertices of a discrete structure. They are sensitive measures of microstructure, and for microstructures generated by a Boolean process, relate to their physical properties. In this work we introduce fast numerical techniques based on the additivity of the Minkowski functionals to derive fields of regional Minkowski measures over large regional support for large 3D data sets as generated, e.g., from x-ray tomography techniques. We demonstrate the application of these 3D feature fields to microstructure classification for a set of heterogeneous microstructures using a multivariate Gaussian mixture model and a thin-bedded sandstone. It is shown that for the case of a spatially heterogeneous Boolean process the internal boundaries of the generating process are recovered with high accuracy, while for the thin-bedded sandstone, compact partitions with clear layering are extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christoph H Arns
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Howard MP, Lequieu J, Delaney KT, Ganesan V, Fredrickson GH, Truskett TM. Connecting Solute Diffusion to Morphology in Triblock Copolymer Membranes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Howard
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joshua Lequieu
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kris T. Delaney
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Tsukanov A, Ivonin D, Gotman I, Gutmanas EY, Grachev E, Pervikov A, Lerner M. Effect of Cold-Sintering Parameters on Structure, Density, and Topology of Fe-Cu Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030541. [PMID: 31979235 PMCID: PMC7040682 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The design of advanced nanostructured materials with predetermined physical properties requires knowledge of the relationship between these properties and the internal structure of the material at the nanoscale, as well as the dependence of the internal structure on the production (synthesis) parameters. This work is the first report of computer-aided analysis of high pressure consolidation (cold sintering) of bimetallic nanoparticles of two immiscible (Fe and Cu) metals using the embedded atom method (EAM). A detailed study of the effect of cold sintering parameters on the internal structure and properties of bulk Fe–Cu nanocomposites was conducted within the limitations of the numerical model. The variation of estimated density and bulk porosity as a function of Fe-to-Cu ratio and consolidation pressure was found in good agreement with the experimental data. For the first time, topological analysis using Minkowski functionals was applied to characterize the internal structure of a bimetallic nanocomposite. The dependence of topological invariants on input processing parameters was described for various components and structural phases. The model presented allows formalizing the relationship between the internal structure and properties of the studied nanocomposites. Based on the obtained topological invariants and Hadwiger’s theorem we propose a new tool for computer-aided design of bimetallic Fe–Cu nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tsukanov
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering (CDISE), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), 30, bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitriy Ivonin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Irena Gotman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel 2161002, Israel;
| | - Elazar Y. Gutmanas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Eugene Grachev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Aleksandr Pervikov
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Marat Lerner
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (A.P.); (M.L.)
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Slotte PA, Berg CF, Khanamiri HH. Predicting Resistivity and Permeability of Porous Media Using Minkowski Functionals. Transp Porous Media 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-019-01363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPermeability and formation factor are important properties of a porous medium that only depend on pore space geometry, and it has been proposed that these transport properties may be predicted in terms of a set of geometric measures known as Minkowski functionals. The well-known Kozeny–Carman and Archie equations depend on porosity and surface area, which are closely related to two of these measures. The possibility of generalizations including the remaining Minkowski functionals is investigated in this paper. To this end, two-dimensional computer-generated pore spaces covering a wide range of Minkowski functional value combinations are generated. In general, due to Hadwiger’s theorem, any correlation based on any additive measurements cannot be expected to have more predictive power than those based on the Minkowski functionals. We conclude that the permeability and formation factor are not uniquely determined by the Minkowski functionals. Good correlations in terms of appropriately evaluated Minkowski functionals, where microporosity and surface roughness are ignored, can, however, be found. For a large class of random systems, these correlations predict permeability and formation factor with an accuracy of 40% and 20%, respectively.
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Roots compact the surrounding soil depending on the structures they encounter. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16236. [PMID: 31700059 PMCID: PMC6838105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Contradictory evidence exists regarding whether and to which extend roots change soil structure in their vicinity. Here we attempt to reconcile disparate views allowing for the two-way interaction between soil structure and root traits, i.e. changes in soil structure due to plants and changes in root growth due to soil structure. Porosity gradients extending from the root/biopore surface into the bulk soil were investigated with X-ray µCT for undisturbed soil samples from a field chronosequence as well as for a laboratory experiment with Zea mays growing into three different bulk densities. An image analysis protocol was developed, which enabled a fast analysis of the large sample pool (n > 300) at a resolution of 19 µm. Lab experiment showed that growing roots only compact the surrounding soil if macroporosity is low and dominated by isolated pores. When roots can grow into a highly connected macropore system showing high connectivity the rhizosphere is more porous compared to the bulk soil. A compaction around roots/biopores in the field chronosequence was only observed in combination with high root/biopore length densities. We conclude that roots compact the rhizosphere only if the initial soil structure does not offer a sufficient volume of well-connected macropores.
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Alzahid YA, Mostaghimi P, Alqahtani NJ, Sun C, Lu X, Armstrong RT. Oil mobilization and solubilization in porous media by in situ emulsification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 554:554-564. [PMID: 31326787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS For a wide range of subsurface engineering processes, such as geological carbon sequestration and enhanced oil recovery, it is critical to understand multiphase flow at a fundamental level. To this end, geomaterial microfluidic devices provide visual data that can be quantified to explain the physics of multiphase flow at the length scale of individual pores in realistic rock structures. For surfactant enhanced oil recovery, it is the underlying geometrical states of the capillary trapped oil that dictates the recovery process and the degree to which oil is recovered through either mobilization or solubilization during in situ emulsification. EXPERIMENTS A novel geomaterial microfluidic device is fabricated and its integrity is checked using light microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) imaging. Subsequently, alkaline surfactant (AS) flooding of an oil saturated device is studied for enhanced recovery. The recovery process is analyzed by collecting 2D radiographic projections of the device during water flooding and in situ emulsification. 3D μ-CT images are also collected to quantify the geometrical states of the fluids after each flooding sequence. FINDINGS Our study reveals the processes of oil cluster mobilization and solubilization in porous media. After water flooding there are numerous oil clusters that are relatively large, extending over multiple pores, forming various loop-like structures. These clusters are mobile under AS flooding accounting for 75% of the recovered oil. The less mobile smaller clusters, isolated to single pores, forming no loop-like structures are immobile. These clusters are solubilized during AS flooding accounting for 25% of the recovered oil. The mobilized clusters coalesce forming an oil bank prior to total solubilization. The remaining oil clusters after AS flooding are highly non-wetting, as indicated by contact angle measurements and would only be recoverable after further solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Alzahid
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peyman Mostaghimi
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Naif J Alqahtani
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chenhao Sun
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiao Lu
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ryan T Armstrong
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Editorial for Special Issue in Honor of InterPore’s 10th Anniversary. Transp Porous Media 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-019-01330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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