Palladium supported on triphenylphosphine-functionalized porous organic polymer: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for aminocarbonylation

Palladium Catalysts Supported in Microporous Phosphine Polymer Networks

A new set of microporous organic polymers (POPs) containing diphosphine derivatives synthesized by knitting via Friedel-Crafts has been attained. These amorphous three-dimensional materials have been prepared by utilizing diphosphines, 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, and biphenyl as nucleophile aromatic groups, dimethoxymethane as the electrophilic linker, and FeCl3 as a promoting catalyst. These polymer networks display moderate thermal stability and high microporosity, boasting BET surface areas above 760 m2/g. They are capable of coordinating with palladium acetate, using the phosphine derivative as an anchoring center, and have proven to be highly efficient catalysts in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions involving bromo- and chloroarenes under environmentally friendly (using water and ethanol as solvents) and aerobic conditions. These supported catalysts have achieved excellent turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF), while maintaining good recyclability without significant loss of activity or Pd leaching after five consecutive reaction cycles.

A New Method for the Synthesis of N, N-Diethyl-m-Methylbenzamide from m-Toluic Acid and Diethylamine Using 1,1'-Carbonyl-di-(1,2,4-triazole) (CDT) as Coupling Agent

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A new, simple method for the synthesis of N, N-dietyl-m-methylbenzamide (DEET) from m-toluic acid and diethylamine using 1,1'-carbonyl-di-(1,2,4-triazole) (CDT) as a coupling agent has been performed. The basic principles of activated carbonyls have been explored with the ability to prepare new amides easily. All reaction by-products are water-soluble as well as removed by filtration, the reaction could be purified easily in an aqueous solution by liquid-liquid extraction, and the product DEET was high purity. This experimental efficiency is about 94-95%, purity (HPLC): 97-98%.

Phosphorus containing porous organic polymers: synthetic techniques and applications in organic synthesis and catalysis

The phosphorus-containing porous organic polymer is a trending material for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. Decades of investigations have established phosphines as versatile ligands in homogeneous catalysis. Recently, phosphine-based heterogeneous catalysts were synthesized to exploit the same electronic properties while leveraging extra stability and reusability. In the last few decades, the catalysts were applied in diverse organic transformations, including hydroformylation, hydrogenation, C-C, C-N and C-X coupling, hydrosilylation, oxidative-carbonylation reactions, and so on. However, even though these polymers possess a multifunctional character, they face multiple synthetic issues in controlling the pore size, increasing the surface area, and creating a single type of active site. This review summarizes the developments in this field over the last few decades, highlighting the current limitation and future scope.

Palladium nanoparticles on a pyridinium supported ionic liquid phase: a recyclable and low-leaching palladium catalyst for aminocarbonylation reactions

SILP catalyst with grafted pyridinium ions was used for either mono- or double carbonylation depending on the reaction conditions. Good recyclability and low palladium loss were observed during the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.

A palladium–bisoxazoline supported catalyst for selective synthesis of aryl esters and aryl amides via carbonylative coupling reactions

The catalytic synthesis of aryl esters and amides has been successfully achieved in the presence of the efficient palladium–bisoxazoline supported on Merrifield's resin (Pd–BOX-M).