Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new class of benzothiazole–pyrazole ligands containing arene ruthenium, rhodium and iridium complexes

Synthesis of a chiral dinuclear Cu(II)-benzothiazolamine complex: evidence of cuprophilic interaction in its structure and exploration of its electrochemical properties and catalytic performance

The synthesis of a chiral dinuclear [Cu(OAc)2(L1)]2 complex (A) and its analogues Cu(OAc)2(L1)2 (B), Cu(OAc)2(L1)PPh3 (C), CuBr(L1)PPh3 (D), and Cu(OAc)2(L2) (E) is described. The X-ray structure of A reveals a cuprophilic interaction (2.65 Å) and shows that L1 behaves as a monodentate ligand. The stereogenic centre in L1 aligns the NH group to form non-covalent interactions with the paddle-wheel acetate groups at variable distances (2.4-2.5 Å and 2.2-2.7 Å). Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed our hypothesis that two equivalents of L1 (B) or a combination of L1 and PPh3 (C) would disrupt the cuprophilic interaction. All complexes, except D, showed irreversible redox waves by cyclic voltammetry. Complexes C and E have lower oxidative peaks (at 10 V s-1) than complex A between +0.40 and +0.60 V. This highlights the influence of ligand(s) on the redox behaviour of Cu(II) complexes. The significance of this electrochemical behaviour was evident in the Chan-Lam (CL) coupling reaction, where 2.5 mol% of A successfully facilitated the formation of a C-N bond. This study showcased the structure, thermal stability, electrochemical properties and catalytic performance of a chiral dinuclear copper(II)-benzothiazolamine complex.

Current Perspective of Synthesis of Medicinally Relevant Benzothiazole Based Molecules: Potential for Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

The therapeutic potential of the majority of the marketed drugs is due to the presence of a heterocyclic nucleus, which constitutes a huge role in the field of medicinal chemistry. These heterocyclic scaffolds could act as a template in order to design potential therapeutic agents against several diseases. Benzothiazole scaffold is one of the influential heteroaromatic rings in the field of medicinal chemistry owing to its extensive pharmacological features. Herein, we have focused on the synthesis of benzothiazole based medicinal molecules, which possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. This review covers a systematic description of synthetic routes for biologically relevant benzothiazole derivatives in the last five years. The main aim of this study is to show the diversification of benzothiazole based molecules into their pharmacologically more active derivatives. This review's synthetic protocols include metal-free, metal-catalyzed, and metal precursor azo dyes strategies for the development of benzothiazole derived bioactive compounds. The discussion under the various headings covers synthetic schemes and biological activities of the most potent molecules in the form of minimum inhibitory concentration.