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Rohling R, Szyja BM, Hensen EJM. Insight into the Formation of Nanostructured MFI Sheets and MEL Needles Driven by Molecular Recognition. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:5326-5335. [PMID: 30873254 PMCID: PMC6410615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous and nanostructured zeolite-based catalysts experience prolonged lifetimes due to increased mass transfer and reduced micropore obstruction by coke formation as compared to their bulky microporous counterparts. Diquaternary ammonium structure-directing agents (SDAs) can be used to synthesize hierarchical MFI sheet-like and MEL needle-like zeolites. An explanation of the underlying molecular-level details of the synthesis of these nanostructured zeolites is presented on the basis of non-covalent interactions between the template and zeolite surfaces as well as silicate oligomers studied by means of classical molecular dynamics. Use was made of Si11 and Si33 silicate oligomers that contain structural features of the framework to be formed as originally proposed by the Leuven group. Molecular recognition is driven by a combination of strong electrostatic and weaker dispersion interactions. An analysis of the early stage of zeolite formation is necessary, as the template adsorption energies in the fully formed zeolite crystals cannot explain the preferential growth of the MFI sheets or MEL needles. Specifically, it is found that the differences in dispersion interactions between the SDA alkyl chains and the silicate oligomers are decisive in the formation of particular zeolite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderigh
Y. Rohling
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bartłomiej M. Szyja
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Division
of Fuels Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Gdańska 7/9, 50-344 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Haouas M. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for In Situ Monitoring of Porous Materials Formation under Hydrothermal Conditions. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11081416. [PMID: 30103562 PMCID: PMC6119870 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The employment of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for studying crystalline porous materials formation is reviewed in the context of the development of in situ methodologies for the observation of the real synthesis medium, with the aim of unraveling the nucleation and growth processes mechanism. Both liquid and solid state NMR techniques are considered to probe the local environment at molecular level of the precursor species either soluble in the liquid phase or present in the reactive gel. Because the mass transport between the liquid and solid components of the heterogeneous system plays a key role in the synthesis course, the two methods provide unique insights and are complementary. Recent technological advances for hydrothermal conditions NMR are detailed and their applications to zeolite and related materials crystallization are illustrated. Achievements in the field are exemplified with some representative studies of relevance to zeolites, aluminophosphate zeotypes, and metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haouas
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 av. des Etats-Unis, 78330 Versailles, France.
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Goesten MG, Zhu X, Mezari B, Hensen EJM. On Layered Silicates and Zeolitic Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten G. Goesten
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Xiaochun Zhu
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Brahim Mezari
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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Goesten MG, Zhu X, Mezari B, Hensen EJM. On Layered Silicates and Zeolitic Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5160-5163. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten G. Goesten
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Xiaochun Zhu
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Brahim Mezari
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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Zhu X, Goesten MG, Koekkoek AJJ, Mezari B, Kosinov N, Filonenko G, Friedrich H, Rohling R, Szyja BM, Gascon J, Kapteijn F, Hensen EJM. Establishing hierarchy: the chain of events leading to the formation of silicalite-1 nanosheets. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6506-6513. [PMID: 28616128 PMCID: PMC5458680 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01295g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In applying a multi-scale spectroscopic and computational approach, we demonstrate that the synthesis of stacked zeolite silicalite-1 nanosheets, in the presence of a long-tail diquaternary ammonium salt surfactant, proceeds through a pre-organised phase in the condensed state. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering, coupled to paracrystalline theory, and backed by electron microscopy, shows that this phase establishes its meso-scale order within the first five hours of hydrothermal synthesis. Quasi in situ vibrational and solid-state NMR spectroscopy reveal that this meso-shaped architecture already contains some elementary zeolitic features. The key to this coupled organisation at both micro- and meso-scale, is a structure-directing agent that is ambifunctional in shaping silica at the meso-scale whilst involved in molecular recognition at the micro-scale. The latter feature is particularly important and requires the structure-directing agent to reside within the silica matrix already at early stages of the synthesis. From here, molecular recognition directs stabilization of precursor species and their specific embedding into a lattice, as shown by force-field molecular dynamics calculations. These calculations, in line with experiment, further show how it is possible to subtly tune both the zeolite topology and aspect ratio of the condensating crystals, by modifying the headgroup of the structure-directing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zhu
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Schuit Institute of Catalysis , Inorganic Materials Chemistry , Netherlands .
| | - Maarten G Goesten
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Schuit Institute of Catalysis , Inorganic Materials Chemistry , Netherlands .
| | - Arjan J J Koekkoek
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Schuit Institute of Catalysis , Inorganic Materials Chemistry , Netherlands .
| | - Brahim Mezari
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Schuit Institute of Catalysis , Inorganic Materials Chemistry , Netherlands .
| | - Nikolay Kosinov
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Schuit Institute of Catalysis , Inorganic Materials Chemistry , Netherlands .
| | - Georgy Filonenko
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Schuit Institute of Catalysis , Inorganic Materials Chemistry , Netherlands .
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and TU/e Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy , Netherlands
| | - Roderigh Rohling
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Schuit Institute of Catalysis , Inorganic Materials Chemistry , Netherlands .
| | - Bartłomiej M Szyja
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Schuit Institute of Catalysis , Inorganic Materials Chemistry , Netherlands .
| | - Jorge Gascon
- Delft University of Technology , Chemical Engineering , Netherlands
| | - Freek Kapteijn
- Delft University of Technology , Chemical Engineering , Netherlands
| | - Emiel J M Hensen
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Schuit Institute of Catalysis , Inorganic Materials Chemistry , Netherlands .
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Van Speybroeck V, Hemelsoet K, Joos L, Waroquier M, Bell RG, Catlow CRA. Advances in theory and their application within the field of zeolite chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7044-111. [PMID: 25976164 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Zeolites are versatile and fascinating materials which are vital for a wide range of industries, due to their unique structural and chemical properties, which are the basis of applications in gas separation, ion exchange and catalysis. Given their economic impact, there is a powerful incentive for smart design of new materials with enhanced functionalities to obtain the best material for a given application. Over the last decades, theoretical modeling has matured to a level that model guided design has become within reach. Major hurdles have been overcome to reach this point and almost all contemporary methods in computational materials chemistry are actively used in the field of modeling zeolite chemistry and applications. Integration of complementary modeling approaches is necessary to obtain reliable predictions and rationalizations from theory. A close synergy between experimentalists and theoreticians has led to a deep understanding of the complexity of the system at hand, but also allowed the identification of shortcomings in current theoretical approaches. Inspired by the importance of zeolite characterization which can now be performed at the single atom and single molecule level from experiment, computational spectroscopy has grown in importance in the last decade. In this review most of the currently available modeling tools are introduced and illustrated on the most challenging problems in zeolite science. Directions for future model developments will be given.
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Li Y, Yu J. New stories of zeolite structures: their descriptions, determinations, predictions, and evaluations. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7268-316. [PMID: 24844459 DOI: 10.1021/cr500010r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
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Martínez Blanes JM, Szyja BM, Romero-Sarria F, Centeno MÁ, Hensen EJM, Odriozola JA, Ivanova S. Multiple Zeolite Structures from One Ionic Liquid Template. Chemistry 2012; 19:2122-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Verstraelen T, Bultinck P, Van Speybroeck V, Ayers PW, Van Neck D, Waroquier M. The Significance of Parameters in Charge Equilibration Models. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:1750-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - P. Bultinck
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - V. Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - P. W. Ayers
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - D. Van Neck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - M. Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Van Houteghem M, Verstraelen T, Van Neck D, Kirschhock C, A. Martens J, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. Atomic Velocity Projection Method: A New Analysis Method for Vibrational Spectra in Terms of Internal Coordinates for a Better Understanding of Zeolite Nanogrowth. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:1045-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Van Houteghem
- Center for Molecular Modeling, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Van Neck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Christine Kirschhock
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Leuven University, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Leuven University, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Abstract
We describe a multiscale modeling hierarchy for the particular case of Au-island ripening on Au(100). Starting at the microscopic scale, density functional theory was used to investigate a limited number of self-diffusion processes on perfect and imperfect Au(100) surfaces. The obtained structural and energetic information served as basis for optimizing a reactive forcefield (here ReaxFF), which afterwards was used to address the mesoscopic scale. Reactive force field simulations were performed to investigate more diffusion possibilities at a lower computational cost but with similar accuracy. Finally, we reached the macroscale by means of kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. The reaction rates for the reaction process database used in the kMC simulations were generated using the reactive force field. Using this strategy, we simulated nucleation, aggregation, and fluctuation processes for monoatomic high islands on Au(100) and modeled their equilibrium shape structures. Finally, by calculating the step line tension at different temperatures, we were able to make a direct comparison with available experimental data.
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Verstraelen T, Van Speybroeck V, Waroquier M. The electronegativity equalization method and the split charge equilibration applied to organic systems: Parametrization, validation, and comparison. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:044127. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3187034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Szyja B, Jansen A, Verstraelen T, van Santen R. Molecular dynamics study of the silica–water–SDA interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7605-10. [DOI: 10.1039/b822859k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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