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Zhang S, Wang K, He F, Gao X, Fan S, Ma Q, Zhao T, Zhang J. H 2O Derivatives Mediate CO Activation in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5521. [PMID: 37513393 PMCID: PMC10384174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is commonly described as a series of reactions in which CO and H2 are dissociated and adsorbed on the metals and then rearranged to produce hydrocarbons and H2O. However, CO dissociation adsorption is regarded as the initial stage of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and an essential factor in the control of catalytic activity. Several pathways have been proposed to activate CO, namely direct CO dissociation, activation hydrogenation, and activation by insertion into growing chains. In addition, H2O is considered an important by-product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions and has been shown to play a key role in regulating the distribution of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. The presence of H2O may influence the reaction rate, the product distribution, and the deactivation rate. Focus on H2O molecules and H2O-derivatives (H*, OH* and O*) can assist CO activation hydrogenation on Fe- and Co-based catalysts. In this work, the intermediates (C*, O*, HCO*, COH*, COH*, CH*, etc.) and reaction pathways were analyzed, and the H2O and H2O derivatives (H*, OH* and O*) on Fe- and Co-based catalysts and their role in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction process were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Kangzhou Wang
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Fugui He
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xinhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Subing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qingxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Tiansheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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2
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Wang Y, Wang T, Rong Z, Wang Y, Qu J. Role of Hydroxyl on Metal Surface in Hydrogenation Reactions. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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3
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Rytter E, Runningen A, Blekkan E, Hillestad M. The water assisted vinylene mechanism for cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis assessed by multi-catalyst modelling of kinetics and deactivation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Activation of Cobalt Foil Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CO hydrogenation has been studied on cobalt foils as model catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis. The effect of pretreatment (number of calcinations and different reduction times) for cobalt foil catalysts at 220 °C, 1 bar, and H2/CO = 3 has been studied in a microreactor. The foils were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the catalytic activity of the cobalt foil increases with the number of pretreatments. The mechanism is likely an increase in the available cobalt surface area from progressively deeper oxidation of the foil, supported by surface roughness detected by SEM. The highest FT activity was obtained using a reduction time of only 5 min (compared to 1 and 30 min). Prolonged reduction caused the sintering of cobalt crystallites, while too short of a reduction time led to incomplete reduction and small crystallites susceptible to low turn-over frequency from structure sensitivity. Larger crystals from longer reduction times gave increased selectivity to heavier components. The paraffin/olefin ratio increased with the increasing number of pretreatments due to olefin hydrogenation favored by enhanced cobalt site density. From the results, it is suggested that olefin hydrogenation is not structure sensitive, and that mass transfer limitations may occur depending on the pretreatment procedure. Produced water did not influence the results for the low conversions experienced in the present study (<6%).
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The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: A few enduring mechanistic conundrums revisited. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ma L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Atchimarungsri T, Ma Q, Zhang J, Zhang X, Li C, Zhao T. A Hydrophilic Supported Fe
3
O
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Catalyst with Enhanced Light Olefins Selectivity in the Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Xinhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Thachapan Atchimarungsri
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Qingxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Xingjun Zhang
- Ningxia Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection Yinchuan 750200 China
- National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Coal and Coal Chemical Products (Ningxia) Yinchuan 750200 China
| | - Caihu Li
- Ningxia Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection Yinchuan 750200 China
- National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Coal and Coal Chemical Products (Ningxia) Yinchuan 750200 China
| | - Tian‐Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
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Pandey U, Runningen A, Gavrilović L, Jørgensen EA, Putta KR, Rout KR, Rytter E, Blekkan EA, Hillestad M. Modeling
Fischer–Tropsch
kinetics and product distribution over a cobalt catalyst. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Pandey
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Kumar R. Rout
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- SINTEF Industry Norway
| | - Erling Rytter
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- SINTEF Industry Norway
| | - Edd A. Blekkan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Magne Hillestad
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
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Abstract
The ratio between propene and propane (C3 o/p) during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) has been analyzed based on both literature reports and experiments for five catalysts. The latter comprise four cobalt catalysts on γ-alumina with variations in pore sizes, and one catalyst on α-alumina. Overall variations include H2/CO feed ratio, residence time, water addition, transients between test conditions, CO conversion, cobalt particle size, promoter (Re), and support material. It was possible to rationalize all data based on secondary hydrogenation of olefins. In fact, it was deduced that olefins are dominating termination products in FTS, estimated to ca. 90% for C3, but that some paraffins most likely are also produced directly. Increased residence time and high H2/CO feed ratio favors olefin hydrogenation, while added water presumably displaces hydrogen on cobalt giving enhanced C3 o/p. High cobalt dispersion favors hydrogenation, as also promoted by Re. Effect of intraparticle diffusion is seen in transient periods; for example, as water is added or depleted. There is frequently positive correlation between C3 o/p and selectivity to longer chains; the latter expressed as C5+ selectivity, as both are sensitive to hydrogen activity. Some modifications, however, are needed due to the accepted volcano plot for C5+ selectivity with cobalt crystallite size. Titania as support shows unexpectedly low C3 o/p; probably due to SMSI (strong-metal-support-interaction).
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Zijlstra B, Broos RJP, Chen W, Bezemer GL, Filot IAW, Hensen EJM. The Vital Role of Step-Edge Sites for Both CO Activation and Chain Growth on Cobalt Fischer–Tropsch Catalysts Revealed through First-Principles-Based Microkinetic Modeling Including Lateral Interactions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Zijlstra
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robin J. P. Broos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G. Leendert Bezemer
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Grasweg 31, 1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo A. W. Filot
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Impact of promoter on the cobalt based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: a comprehensive kinetic study. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gholami Z, Tišler Z, Rubáš V. Recent advances in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using cobalt-based catalysts: a review on supports, promoters, and reactors. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1762367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholami
- Unipetrol Centre of Research and Education, Litvínov, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Tišler
- Unipetrol Centre of Research and Education, Litvínov, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Rubáš
- Unipetrol Centre of Research and Education, Litvínov, Czech Republic
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Rytter E, Borg Ø, Enger BC, Holmen A. α-alumina as catalyst support in Co Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and the effect of added water; encompassing transient effects. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Tsakoumis NE, Patanou E, Lögdberg S, Johnsen RE, Myrstad R, van Beek W, Rytter E, Blekkan EA. Structure–Performance Relationships on Co-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts: The More Defect-Free, the Better. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos E. Tsakoumis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eleni Patanou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sara Lögdberg
- Chemical Technology, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), Teknikringen 42, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rune E. Johnsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Myrstad
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wouter van Beek
- The Swiss−Norwegian Beamlines (SNBL) at ESRF, Grenoble F38043, France
| | - Erling Rytter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Edd A. Blekkan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Rytter E, Borg Ø, Tsakoumis NE, Holmen A. Water as key to activity and selectivity in Co Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: γ-alumina based structure-performance relationships. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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