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Sarcomeric Gene Variants and Their Role with Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Background of Coronary Artery Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030442. [PMID: 32178433 PMCID: PMC7175236 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in developing countries, generally originating as coronary artery disease (CAD) or hypertension. In later stages, many CAD patients develop left ventricle dysfunction (LVD). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most prevalent prognostic factor in CAD patients. LVD is a complex multifactorial condition in which the left ventricle of the heart becomes functionally impaired. Various genetic studies have correlated LVD with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In recent years, enormous progress has been made in identifying the genetic causes of cardiac diseases, which has further led to a greater understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying each disease. This progress has increased the probability of establishing a specific genetic diagnosis, and thus providing new opportunities for practitioners, patients, and families to utilize this genetic information. A large number of mutations in sarcomeric genes have been discovered in cardiomyopathies. In this review, we will explore the role of the sarcomeric genes in LVD in CAD patients, which is a major cause of cardiac failure and results in heart failure.
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2
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Moradi M, Sivadasan R, Saal L, Lüningschrör P, Dombert B, Rathod RJ, Dieterich DC, Blum R, Sendtner M. Differential roles of α-, β-, and γ-actin in axon growth and collateral branch formation in motoneurons. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:793-814. [PMID: 28246119 PMCID: PMC5346967 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-, β-, and γ-actin differentially regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and stability in axons of motoneurons. Locally translated α-actin contributes to stable actin filaments in axonal branches, whereas β- and γ-actin give rise to highly dynamic filaments that modulate growth cone dynamics. Axonal branching and terminal arborization are fundamental events during the establishment of synaptic connectivity. They are triggered by assembly of actin filaments along axon shafts giving rise to filopodia. The specific contribution of the three actin isoforms, Actα, Actβ, and Actγ, to filopodia stability and dynamics during this process is not well understood. Here, we report that Actα, Actβ, and Actγ isoforms are expressed in primary mouse motoneurons and their transcripts are translocated into axons. shRNA-mediated depletion of Actα reduces axonal filopodia dynamics and disturbs collateral branch formation. Knockdown of Actβ reduces dynamic movements of growth cone filopodia and impairs presynaptic differentiation. Ablation of Actβ or Actγ leads to compensatory up-regulation of the two other isoforms, which allows maintenance of total actin levels and preserves F-actin polymerization. Collectively, our data provide evidence for specific roles of different actin isoforms in spatial regulation of actin dynamics and stability in axons of developing motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Moradi
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rajeeve Sivadasan
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lena Saal
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dombert
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Reena Jagdish Rathod
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela C Dieterich
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
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3
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Wang X, Pandey AK, Mulligan MK, Williams EG, Mozhui K, Li Z, Jovaisaite V, Quarles LD, Xiao Z, Huang J, Capra JA, Chen Z, Taylor WL, Bastarache L, Niu X, Pollard KS, Ciobanu DC, Reznik AO, Tishkov AV, Zhulin IB, Peng J, Nelson SF, Denny JC, Auwerx J, Lu L, Williams RW. Joint mouse-human phenome-wide association to test gene function and disease risk. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10464. [PMID: 26833085 PMCID: PMC4740880 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenome-wide association is a novel reverse genetic strategy to analyze genome-to-phenome relations in human clinical cohorts. Here we test this approach using a large murine population segregating for ∼5 million sequence variants, and we compare our results to those extracted from a matched analysis of gene variants in a large human cohort. For the mouse cohort, we amassed a deep and broad open-access phenome consisting of ∼4,500 metabolic, physiological, pharmacological and behavioural traits, and more than 90 independent expression quantitative trait locus (QTL), transcriptome, proteome, metagenome and metabolome data sets—by far the largest coherent phenome for any experimental cohort (www.genenetwork.org). We tested downstream effects of subsets of variants and discovered several novel associations, including a missense mutation in fumarate hydratase that controls variation in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response in both mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans, and missense mutations in Col6a5 that underlies variation in bone mineral density in both mouse and human. Phenome-wide association is a novel method that links sequence variants to a spectrum of phenotypes and diseases. Here the authors generate detailed mouse genetic and phenome data which links their phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of mouse to corresponding PheWAS in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.,St Jude Proteomics Facility, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Pandey
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Zhengsheng Li
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Virginija Jovaisaite
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - John A Capra
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Zugen Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - William L Taylor
- Molecular Resource Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Xinnan Niu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Daniel C Ciobanu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.,Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | - Alexander O Reznik
- Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Artem V Tishkov
- Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Igor B Zhulin
- Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- St Jude Proteomics Facility, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Joshua C Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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4
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Wilkinson R, Song W, Smoktunowicz N, Marston S. A dilated cardiomyopathy mutation blunts adrenergic response and induces contractile dysfunction under chronic angiotensin II stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1936-46. [PMID: 26432839 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00327.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated cardiac contractility in the ACTC E361G transgenic mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). No differences in cardiac dimensions or systolic function were observed in young mice, whereas young adult mice exhibited only mild diastolic abnormalities. Dobutamine had an inotropic and lusitropic effect on the mouse heart. In papillary muscle at 37°C, dobutamine increased relaxation rates [∼50% increase of peak rate of force decline normalized to force (dF/dtmin/F), 25% reduction of time to 90% relaxation (t90) in nontransgenic (NTG) mice], but in the ACTC E361G mouse, dF/dtmin/F was increased 20-30%, and t90 was only reduced 10% at 10 Hz. Pressure-volume measurements showed increases in maximum rate of pressure decline and decreases in time constant of left ventricular pressure decay in the ACTC E361G mouse that were 25-30% of the changes in the NTG mouse, consistent with blunting of the lusitropic response. The inotropic effect of dobutamine was also blunted in ACTC E361G mice, and the dobutamine-stimulated increase in cardiac output (CO) was reduced from 2,100 to 900 μl/min. Mice were treated with high doses of ANG II for 4 wk. The chronic stress treatment evoked systolic dysfunction in ACTC E361G mice but not in NTG. There was a significant reduction in rates of pressure increase and decrease, as well as reduced end-systolic pressure and increased volume. Ejection fraction and CO were reduced in the ACTC E361G mouse, indicating DCM. In vitro DCM-causing mutations uncouple the relationship between Ca(2+) sensitivity and troponin I phosphorylation. We conclude that this leads to the observed, reduced response to β1 agonists and reduced cardiac reserve that predisposes the heart to DCM under conditions of chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Wilkinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Weihua Song
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Smoktunowicz
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Marston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Yin Z, Ren J, Guo W. Sarcomeric protein isoform transitions in cardiac muscle: a journey to heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:47-52. [PMID: 25446994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomeric protein isoforms are mainly governed by alternative promoter-driven expression, distinct gene expression, gene mutation and alternative mRNA splicing. The transitions of sarcomeric proteins have been implicated to play a role in the onset and development of human heart failure. In this mini-review, we summarized isoform transitions of several most widely examined sarcomeric proteins including myosin, actin, troponin, tropomyosin, titin and myosin binding protein-C, and the consequence of these abnormal isoform transitions. Even though the isoform transitions of sarcomeric proteins have been described in individual sarcomeric protein reviews, no concise summary of these results has been presented previously. This review is intended to fill this gap and discuss possible future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yin
- Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of WY, Laramie WY82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, College of Health Science, University of WY, Laramie WY82071, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of WY, Laramie WY82071, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, College of Health Science, University of WY, Laramie WY82071, USA.
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Cho YS, Lee SY, Kim DS, Nam YK. Characterization of stable fluorescent transgenic marine medaka (Oryzias dancena) lines carrying red fluorescent protein gene driven by myosin light chain 2 promoter. Transgenic Res 2013; 22:849-59. [PMID: 23188170 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stable transgenic germlines carrying the red fluorescence protein (RFP) gene (rfp) driven by fast skeletal myosin light chain-2 gene (mlc2f) promoter were established in a truly euryhaline fish species, the marine medaka (Oryzias dancena; Beloniformes). Transgenic lines contained transgene copy numbers varying from a single copy to more than 230 copies per genome. Although the transgenic founders displayed mosaic and/or ectopic expression of the RFP signal, the resultant F1 transgenics and their progeny showed consistently stable transmission of the transgenic locus and uniform RFP signal through several subsequent generations. In adult transgenics, an authentic brilliant red fluorescence was achieved over the skeletal muscles of the transgenic individuals, which might be sufficient for ornamental display. Expression analysis of the transgenic mRNAs indicated that rfp transcripts were predominantly expressed in the skeletal muscles. Different transgenic lines displayed different levels of transgene expression at the mRNA, protein, and phenotypic levels. However, the efficiency of transgene expression was independent of the transgene copy number. The RFP protein levels were consistently stable in the transgenic fish muscles through several generations, up to F5. The results of this study suggest that transgenic marine medaka that acquire strong fluorescent signals in their skeletal muscles can be developed as a promising, novel ornamental fish for display in both freshwater and seawater aquaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Cho
- Institute of Marine Living Modified Organisms, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
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7
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Tondeleir D, Lambrechts A, Müller M, Jonckheere V, Doll T, Vandamme D, Bakkali K, Waterschoot D, Lemaistre M, Debeir O, Decaestecker C, Hinz B, Staes A, Timmerman E, Colaert N, Gevaert K, Vandekerckhove J, Ampe C. Cells lacking β-actin are genetically reprogrammed and maintain conditional migratory capacity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:255-71. [PMID: 22448045 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate nonmuscle cells express two actin isoforms: cytoplasmic β- and γ-actin. Because of the presence and localized translation of β-actin at the leading edge, this isoform is generally accepted to specifically generate protrusive forces for cell migration. Recent evidence also implicates β-actin in gene regulation. Cell migration without β-actin has remained unstudied until recently and it is unclear whether other actin isoforms can compensate for this cytoplasmic function and/or for its nuclear role. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking β-actin display compensatory expression of other actin isoforms. Consistent with this preservation of polymerization capacity, β-actin knockout cells have unchanged lamellipodial protrusion rates despite a severe migration defect. To solve this paradox we applied quantitative proteomics revealing a broad genetic reprogramming of β-actin knockout cells. This also explains why reintroducing β-actin in knockout cells does not restore the affected cell migration. Pathway analysis suggested increased Rho-ROCK signaling, consistent with observed phenotypic changes. We therefore developed and tested a model explaining the phenotypes in β-actin knockout cells based on increased Rho-ROCK signaling and increased TGFβ production resulting in increased adhesion and contractility in the knockout cells. Inhibiting ROCK or myosin restores migration of β-actin knockout cells indicating that other actins compensate for β-actin in this process. Consequently, isoactins act redundantly in providing propulsive forces for cell migration, but β-actin has a unique nuclear function, regulating expression on transcriptional and post-translational levels, thereby preventing myogenic differentiation.
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8
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Cho YS, Lee SY, Kim YK, Kim DS, Nam YK. Functional ability of cytoskeletal β-actin regulator to drive constitutive and ubiquitous expression of a fluorescent reporter throughout the life cycle of transgenic marine medaka Oryzias dancena. Transgenic Res 2011; 20:1333-55. [PMID: 21437716 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine medaka Oryzias dancena, a candidate model organism, represents many attractive merits as a material for experimental transgenesis and/or heterologous expression assay particularly in the field of ecotoxicology and developmental biology. In this study, cytoskeletal β-actin gene was characterized from O. dancena and the functional capability of its promoter to drive constitutive expression of foreign reporter protein was evaluated. The O. dancena β-actin gene possessed a conserved genomic organization of vertebrate major cytoplasmic actin genes and the bioinformatic analysis of its 5'-upstream regulatory region predicted various transcription factor binding motifs. Heterologous expression assay using a red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter construct driven by the O. dancena β-actin regulator resulted in stunningly bright expression of red fluorescence signals in not only microinjected embryos but also grown-up transgenic adults. Although founder transgenics exhibited mosaic patterns of RFP expression, transgenic offspring in subsequent generations displayed a vivid and uniform expression of RFP continually from embryos to adults. Based on the blot hybridization assays, two transgenic lines established in this study were proven to possess high copy numbers of transgene integrants (approximately 240 and 34 copies, respectively), and the transgenic genotype in both lines could successfully be passed stably up to three generations, although the rate of transgene transmission in one of the two transgenic lines was significantly lower than expected Mendelian ratio. Significant red fluorescence color could be ubiquitously observable in all the tissues or organs of the transgenics. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR represented that the expression pattern of transgene under the regulation of β-actin promoter would resemble, in overall, the regulation of endogenous β-actin gene in adult tissues, although putative mechanism for competitive or independent regulation between transgene and endogenous gene could also be found in several tissues. Results from this study undoubtedly indicate that the O. dancena β-actin promoter would be powerful enough to fluorescently visualize most cell types in vivo throughout its whole lifespan. This study could be a useful start point for a variety of transgenic experiments with this species concerning the constitutive expression of living fluorescent color reporters and other foreign proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animal Structures/cytology
- Animal Structures/metabolism
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Animals, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- Computational Biology
- Cytoskeleton/genetics
- Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryonic Development
- Female
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Library
- Genes, Reporter
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Inheritance Patterns
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Microinjections
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Oryzias/embryology
- Oryzias/genetics
- Oryzias/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transgenes
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Cho
- Institute of Marine Living Modified Organisms, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
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Song W, Dyer E, Stuckey DJ, Copeland O, Leung MC, Bayliss C, Messer A, Wilkinson R, Tremoleda JL, Schneider MD, Harding SE, Redwood CS, Clarke K, Nowak K, Monserrat L, Wells D, Marston SB. Molecular mechanism of the E99K mutation in cardiac actin (ACTC Gene) that causes apical hypertrophy in man and mouse. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:27582-93. [PMID: 21622575 PMCID: PMC3149350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.252320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated a transgenic mouse model expressing the apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing mutation ACTC E99K at 50% of total heart actin and compared it with actin from patients carrying the same mutation. The actin mutation caused a higher Ca(2+) sensitivity in reconstituted thin filaments measured by in vitro motility assay (2.3-fold for mice and 1.3-fold for humans) and in skinned papillary muscle. The mutation also abolished the change in Ca(2+) sensitivity normally linked to troponin I phosphorylation. MyBP-C and troponin I phosphorylation levels were the same as controls in transgenic mice and human carrier heart samples. ACTC E99K mice exhibited a high death rate between 28 and 45 days (48% females and 22% males). At 21 weeks, the hearts of the male survivors had enlarged atria, increased interstitial fibrosis, and sarcomere disarray. MRI showed hypertrophy, predominantly at the apex of the heart. End-diastolic volume and end-diastolic pressure were increased, and relaxation rates were reduced compared with nontransgenic littermates. End-systolic pressures and volumes were unaltered. ECG abnormalities were present, and the contractile response to β-adrenergic stimulation was much reduced. Older mice (29-week-old females and 38-week-old males) developed dilated cardiomyopathy with increased end-systolic volume and continuing increased end-diastolic pressure and slower contraction and relaxation rates. ECG showed atrial flutter and frequent atrial ectopic beats at rest in some ACTC E99K mice. We propose that the ACTC E99K mutation causes higher myofibrillar Ca(2+) sensitivity that is responsible for the sudden cardiac death, apical hypertrophy, and subsequent development of heart failure in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Song
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Dyer
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Stuckey
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - O'Neal Copeland
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Man-Ching Leung
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Bayliss
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Messer
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Wilkinson
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Lopez Tremoleda
- the Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Schneider
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Sian E. Harding
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S. Redwood
- the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Clarke
- the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen Nowak
- the Center for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Monserrat
- the Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Juan Canalejo, A Coruña 15006, Spain
| | - Dominic Wells
- the Centre for Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, and
| | - Steven B. Marston
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW32 6LY, United Kingdom
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10
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Ravenscroft G, Jackaman C, Bringans S, Papadimitriou JM, Griffiths LM, McNamara E, Bakker AJ, Davies KE, Laing NG, Nowak KJ. Mouse models of dominant ACTA1 disease recapitulate human disease and provide insight into therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:1101-15. [PMID: 21303860 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the skeletal muscle α-actin gene (ACTA1) cause a range of pathologically defined congenital myopathies. Most patients have dominant mutations and experience severe skeletal muscle weakness, dying within one year of birth. To determine mutant ACTA1 pathobiology, transgenic mice expressing ACTA1(D286G) were created. These Tg(ACTA1)(D286G) mice were less active than wild-type individuals. Their skeletal muscles were significantly weaker by in vitro analyses and showed various pathological lesions reminiscent of human patients, however they had a normal lifespan. Mass spectrometry revealed skeletal muscles from Tg(ACTA1)(D286G) mice contained ∼25% ACTA1(D286G) protein. Tg(ACTA1)(D286G) mice were crossed with hemizygous Acta1(+/-) knock-out mice to generate Tg(ACTA1)(D286G)(+/+).Acta1(+/-) offspring that were homozygous for the transgene and hemizygous for the endogenous skeletal muscle α-actin gene. Akin to most human patients, skeletal muscles from these offspring contained approximately equal proportions of ACTA1(D286G) and wild-type actin. Strikingly, the majority of these mice presented with severe immobility between postnatal Days 8 and 17, requiring euthanasia. Their skeletal muscles contained extensive structural abnormalities as identified in severely affected human patients, including nemaline bodies, actin accumulations and widespread sarcomeric disarray. Therefore we have created valuable mouse models, one of mild dominant ACTA1 disease [Tg(ACTA1)(D286G)], and the other of severe disease, with a dramatically shortened lifespan [Tg(ACTA1)(D286G)(+/+).Acta1(+/-)]. The correlation between mutant ACTA1 protein load and disease severity parallels effects in ACTA1 families and suggests altering this ratio in patient muscle may be a therapy for patients with dominant ACTA1 disease. Furthermore, ringbinden fibres were observed in these mouse models. The presence of such features suggests that perhaps patients with ringbinden of unknown genetic origin should be considered for ACTA1 mutation screening. This is the first experimental, as opposed to observational, evidence that mutant protein load determines the severity of ACTA1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia.
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Song W, Dyer E, Stuckey D, Leung MC, Memo M, Mansfield C, Ferenczi M, Liu K, Redwood C, Nowak K, Harding S, Clarke K, Wells D, Marston S. Investigation of a transgenic mouse model of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 49:380-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tondeleir D, Vandamme D, Vandekerckhove J, Ampe C, Lambrechts A. Actin isoform expression patterns during mammalian development and in pathology: insights from mouse models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:798-815. [PMID: 19296487 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic actin cytoskeleton, consisting of six actin isoforms in mammals and a variety of actin binding proteins is essential for all developmental processes and for the viability of the adult organism. Actin isoform specific functions have been proposed for muscle contraction, cell migration, endo- and exocytosis and maintaining cell shape. However, these specific functions for each of the actin isoforms during development are not well understood. Based on transgenic mouse models, we will discuss the expression patterns of the six conventional actin isoforms in mammals during development and adult life. Ablation of actin genes usually leads to lethality and affects expression of other actin isoforms at the cell or tissue level. A good knowledge of their expression and functions will contribute to fully understand severe phenotypes or diseases caused by mutations in actin isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davina Tondeleir
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent, Belgium
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Nowak KJ, Ravenscroft G, Jackaman C, Filipovska A, Davies SM, Lim EM, Squire SE, Potter AC, Baker E, Clément S, Sewry CA, Fabian V, Crawford K, Lessard JL, Griffiths LM, Papadimitriou JM, Shen Y, Morahan G, Bakker AJ, Davies KE, Laing NG. Rescue of skeletal muscle alpha-actin-null mice by cardiac (fetal) alpha-actin. J Cell Biol 2009; 185:903-15. [PMID: 19468071 PMCID: PMC2711600 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200812132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle alpha-actin (ACTA1) is the major actin in postnatal skeletal muscle. Mutations of ACTA1 cause mostly fatal congenital myopathies. Cardiac alpha-actin (ACTC) is the major striated actin in adult heart and fetal skeletal muscle. It is unknown why ACTC and ACTA1 expression switch during development. We investigated whether ACTC can replace ACTA1 in postnatal skeletal muscle. Two ACTC transgenic mouse lines were crossed with Acta1 knockout mice (which all die by 9 d after birth). Offspring resulting from the cross with the high expressing line survive to old age, and their skeletal muscles show no gross pathological features. The mice are not impaired on grip strength, rotarod, or locomotor activity. These findings indicate that ACTC is sufficiently similar to ACTA1 to produce adequate function in postnatal skeletal muscle. This raises the prospect that ACTC reactivation might provide a therapy for ACTA1 diseases. In addition, the mouse model will allow analysis of the precise functional differences between ACTA1 and ACTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Nowak
- Centre for Medical Research, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Jaeger MA, Sonnemann KJ, Fitzsimons DP, Prins KW, Ervasti JM. Context-dependent functional substitution of alpha-skeletal actin by gamma-cytoplasmic actin. FASEB J 2009; 23:2205-14. [PMID: 19279140 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-129783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We generated transgenic mice that overexpressed gamma-(cyto) actin 2000-fold above wild-type levels in skeletal muscle. gamma-(cyto) actin comprised 40% of total actin in transgenic skeletal muscle, with a concomitant 40% decrease in alpha-actin. Surprisingly, transgenic muscle was histologically and ultrastructurally identical to wild-type muscle despite near-stoichiometric incorporation of gamma-(cyto) actin into sarcomeric thin filaments. Furthermore, several parameters of muscle physiological performance in the transgenic animals were not different from wild type. Given these surprising results, we tested whether overexpression of gamma-(cyto) actin could rescue the early postnatal lethality in alpha-(sk) actin-null mice (Acta1(-/-)). By quantitative Western blot analysis, we found total actin levels were decreased by 35% in Acta1(-/-) muscle. Although transgenic overexpression of gamma-(cyto) actin on the Acta1(-/-) background restored total actin levels to wild type, resulting in thin filaments composed of 60% gamma-(cyto) actin and a 40% mixture of cardiac and vascular actin, the life span of transgenic Acta1(-/-) mice was not extended. These results indicate that sarcomeric thin filaments can accommodate substantial incorporation of gamma-(cyto) actin without functional consequences, yet gamma-(cyto) actin cannot fully substitute for alpha-(sk) actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Jaeger
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Schevzov G, Fath T, Vrhovski B, Vlahovich N, Rajan S, Hook J, Joya JE, Lemckert F, Puttur F, Lin JJC, Hardeman EC, Wieczorek DF, O'Neill GM, Gunning PW. Divergent regulation of the sarcomere and the cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:275-283. [PMID: 17951248 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704392200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a feedback mechanism regulating the precise amounts of muscle structural proteins, such as actin and the actin-associated protein tropomyosin (Tm), in the sarcomeres of striated muscles is well established. However, the regulation of nonmuscle or cytoskeletal actin and Tms in nonmuscle cell structures has not been elucidated. Unlike the thin filaments of striated muscles, the actin cytoskeleton in nonmuscle cells is intrinsically dynamic. Given the differing requirements for the structural integrity of the actin thin filaments of the sarcomere compared with the requirement for dynamicity of the actin cytoskeleton in nonmuscle cells, we postulated that different regulatory mechanisms govern the expression of sarcomeric versus cytoskeletal Tms, as key regulators of the properties of the actin cytoskeleton. Comprehensive analyses of tissues from transgenic and knock-out mouse lines that overexpress the cytoskeletal Tms, Tm3 and Tm5NM1, and a comparison with sarcomeric Tms provide evidence for this. Moreover, we show that overexpression of a cytoskeletal Tm drives the amount of filamentous actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Schevzov
- Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bernadette Vrhovski
- Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Nicole Vlahovich
- Muscle Development Unit, The Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville, New South Wales 2145, Australia, the
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0524
| | - Jeff Hook
- Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Josephine E Joya
- Muscle Development Unit, The Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville, New South Wales 2145, Australia, the
| | - Frances Lemckert
- Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Franz Puttur
- Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jim J-C Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1324
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- Muscle Development Unit, The Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville, New South Wales 2145, Australia, the; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, the
| | - David F Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0524
| | - Geraldine M O'Neill
- Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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