1
|
Zhu Z, Xiang Q, Li S, Chen C, Shi J. Serine/Threonine kinase 16 phosphorylates STAT3 and confers a JAK2-Inhibition resistance phenotype in triple-negative breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116268. [PMID: 38723720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Although Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) plays a critical role in the progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), its inhibitors are incapable of eradicating these tumor cells, implicating drug resistance mechanisms exist. Our evidences show that TNBC cells express high level of Serine/Threonine Kinase 16 (STK16) when JAK2 signaling is blocked. Pharmacological inhibition or silencing of STK16 significantly enhances the sensitivity of TNBC cells to JAK2 inhibition, while over-expression of STK16 alleviates the anti-tumor effect of JAK2-inhibitor. Mechanistically, elevated STK16 expression rescues the phosphorylation status and transcriptional activity of STAT3, as STK16 is able to directly catalyze the phosphorylation of STAT3 at ser-727 residue. Our data indicate that upon JAK2 inhibition, TNBC cells express STK16 to maintain STAT3 transcriptional activity, dual-inhibition of JAK2/STK16 offers a potential way to treat TNBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511518, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangqiong Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan YH, Mao ND, Duan JL, Zhang H, Garrido C, Lirussi F, Gao Y, Xie T, Ye XY. Recent progress in discovery of novel AAK1 inhibitors: from pain therapy to potential anti-viral agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2279906. [PMID: 37955299 PMCID: PMC10653628 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2279906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptor associated kinase 1 (AAK1), a member of the Ark1/Prk1 family of Ser/Thr kinases, is a specific key kinase regulating Thr156 phosphorylation at the μ2 subunit of the adapter complex-2 (AP-2) protein. Due to their important biological functions, AAK1 systems have been validated in clinics for neuropathic pain therapy, and are being explored as potential therapeutic targets for diseases caused by various viruses such as Hepatitis C (HCV), Dengue, Ebola, and COVID-19 viruses and for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Centreing on the advances of drug discovery programs in this field up to 2023, AAK1 inhibitors are discussed from the aspects of the structure-based rational molecular design, pharmacology, toxicology and synthetic routes for the compounds of interest in this review. The aim is to provide the medicinal chemistry community with up-to-date information and to accelerate the drug discovery programs in the field of AAK1 small molecule inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nian-Dong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji-Long Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM UMR 1231, Labex LipSTIC, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Cancer Center George François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Lirussi
- INSERM UMR 1231, Labex LipSTIC, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- University of Franche-Comté & University Hospital of Besançon, Besancon, France
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Githaka JM, Pirayeshfard L, Goping IS. Cancer invasion and metastasis: Insights from murine pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130375. [PMID: 37150225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer related mortality. A better understanding of the players that drive the aberrant invasion and migration of tumors cells will provide critical targets to inhibit metastasis. Postnatal pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis is characterized by highly proliferative, invasive, and migratory normal epithelial cells. Identifying the molecular regulators of pubertal gland development is a promising strategy since tumorigenesis and metastasis is postulated to be a consequence of aberrant reactivation of developmental stages. In this review, we summarize the pubertal morphogenesis regulators that are involved in cancer metastasis and revisit pubertal mammary gland transcriptome profiling to uncover both known and unknown metastasis genes. Our updated list of pubertal morphogenesis regulators shows that most are implicated in invasion and metastasis. This review highlights molecular linkages between development and metastasis and provides a guide for exploring novel metastatic drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Maringa Githaka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Leila Pirayeshfard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li B, Wang X, Rutz B, Wang R, Tamalunas A, Strittmatter F, Waidelich R, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. The STK16 inhibitor STK16-IN-1 inhibits non-adrenergic and non-neurogenic smooth muscle contractions in the human prostate and the human male detrusor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:829-842. [PMID: 31867686 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mixed lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (voiding symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia plus storage symptoms, which can be caused by overactive bladder) are common in men. Unwanted contraction of prostate and/or bladder smooth muscle has been implied in the pathophysiology of male LUTS. Here, we examined effects of the serine/threonine kinase 16 (STK16) inhibitor STK16-IN-1 on contraction of human tissues from the prostate and male detrusor. Tissues were obtained from radical prostatectomy and radical cystectomy. Contractions were studied in an organ bath and STK16 expressions by Western blot analyses and fluorescence staining. In prostate tissues, STK16-IN-1 (1 μM) inhibited contractions induced by endothelin-1 and the thromboxane A2 analog U46619. Contractions of prostate tissues induced by noradrenaline, the α1-agonists phenylephrine and methoxamine, or electric field stimulation (EFS) were not changed by STK16-IN-1. In male detrusor tissues, STK16-IN-1 inhibited contractions induced by the cholinergic agonists carbachol and metacholine, and contractions induced by U46619. EFS-induced contractions of detrusor tissues were not changed by STK16-IN-1. Western blot analyses of prostate and detrusor tissues revealed bands matching the molecular weight of STK16. Fluorescence staining of prostate tissues using STK16 antibodies resulted in immunoreactivity in smooth muscle cells. STK16-IN-1 selectively inhibits non-adrenergic/non-neurogenic smooth muscle contractions in the male prostate and to limited extent in the bladder. Because non-adrenergic contractions in the male LUTS may account for limited efficacy of α1-blockers and for α1-blocker-resistant symptoms, studies assessing add-on of STK16-IN-1 to α1-blockers in mixed LUTS appear feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Li
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Beata Rutz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hennenberg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Ji X, Liu J, Zhang X. Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase STK16. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071760. [PMID: 30974739 PMCID: PMC6480182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STK16 (Ser/Thr kinase 16, also known as Krct/PKL12/MPSK1/TSF-1) is a myristoylated and palmitoylated Ser/Thr protein kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and conserved among all eukaryotes. STK16 is distantly related to the other kinases and belongs to the NAK kinase family that has an atypical activation loop architecture. As a membrane-associated protein that is primarily localized to the Golgi, STK16 has been shown to participate in the TGF-β signaling pathway, TGN protein secretion and sorting, as well as cell cycle and Golgi assembly regulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the progress made in recent research about STK16, ranging from its distribution, molecular characterization, post-translational modification (fatty acylation and phosphorylation), interactors (GlcNAcK/DRG1/MAL2/Actin/WDR1), and related functions. As a relatively underexplored kinase, more studies are encouraged to unravel its regulation mechanisms and cellular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Xinmiao Ji
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McBryan J, Howlin J. Pubertal Mammary Gland Development: Elucidation of In Vivo Morphogenesis Using Murine Models. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1501:77-114. [PMID: 27796948 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6475-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past 25 years, the combination of increasingly sophisticated gene targeting technology with transplantation techniques has allowed researchers to address a wide array of questions about postnatal mammary gland development. These in turn have significantly contributed to our knowledge of other branched epithelial structures. This review chapter highlights a selection of the mouse models exhibiting a pubertal mammary gland phenotype with a focus on how they have contributed to our overall understanding of in vivo mammary morphogenesis. We discuss mouse models that have enabled us to assign functions to particular genes and proteins and, more importantly, have determined when and where these factors are required for completion of ductal outgrowth and branch patterning. The reason for the success of the mouse mammary gland model is undoubtedly the suitability of the postnatal mammary gland to experimental manipulation. The gland itself is very amenable to investigation and the combination of genetic modification with accessibility to the tissue has allowed an impressive number of studies to inform biology. Excision of the rudimentary epithelial structure postnatally allows genetically modified tissue to be readily transplanted into wild type stroma or vice versa, and has thus defined the contribution of each compartment to particular phenotypes. Similarly, whole gland transplantation has been used to definitively discern local effects from indirect systemic effects of various growth factors and hormones. While appreciative of the power of these tools and techniques, we are also cognizant of some of their limitations, and we discuss some shortcomings and future strategies that can overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Jillian Howlin
- Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University Cancer Center/Medicon Village, Building 404:B2, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu F, Wang J, Yang X, Li B, Wu H, Qi S, Chen C, Liu X, Yu K, Wang W, Zhao Z, Wang A, Chen Y, Wang L, Gray NS, Liu J, Zhang X, Liu Q. Discovery of a Highly Selective STK16 Kinase Inhibitor. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1537-43. [PMID: 27082499 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STK16, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is ubiquitously expressed and is conserved among all eukaryotes. STK16 has been implicated to function in a variety of cellular processes such as VEGF and cargo secretion, but the pathways through which these effects are mediated remain to be elucidated. Through screening of our focused library of kinase inhibitors, we discovered a highly selective ATP competitive inhibitor, STK16-IN-1, which exhibits potent inhibitory activity against STK16 kinase (IC50: 0.295 μM) with excellent selectivity across the kinome as assessed using the KinomeScan profiling assay (S score (1) = 0.0). In MCF-7 cells, treatment with STK16-IN-1 results in a reduction in cell number and accumulation of binucleated cells, which can be recapitulated by RNAi knockdown of STK16. Co-treatment of STK16-IN-1 with chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, colchicine, and paclitaxel results in a slight potentiation of the antiproliferative effects of the chemotherapeutics. STK16-IN-1 provides a useful tool compound for further elucidating the biological functions of STK16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave, SGM 628, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xingxing Yang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binhua Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Qi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kailin Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aoli Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfei Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave, SGM 628, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, P.O. Box 1110, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People’s Republic of China
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Hefei Science
Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sorrell FJ, Szklarz M, Abdul Azeez KR, Elkins JM, Knapp S. Family-wide Structural Analysis of Human Numb-Associated Protein Kinases. Structure 2016; 24:401-11. [PMID: 26853940 PMCID: PMC4780864 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The highly diverse Numb-associated kinase (NAK) family has been linked to broad cellular functions including receptor-mediated endocytosis, Notch pathway modulation, osteoblast differentiation, and dendrite morphogenesis. Consequently, NAK kinases play a key role in a diverse range of diseases from Parkinson's and prostate cancer to HIV. Due to the plasticity of this kinase family, NAK kinases are often inhibited by approved or investigational drugs and have been associated with side effects, but they are also potential drug targets. The presence of cysteine residues in some NAK family members provides the possibility for selective targeting via covalent inhibition. Here we report the first high-resolution structures of kinases AAK1 and BIKE in complex with two drug candidates. The presented data allow a comprehensive structural characterization of the NAK kinase family and provide the basis for rational design of selective NAK inhibitors. First crystal structures of AAK1 and BIKE solved, completing the NAK family Structural analysis of NAKs performed, revealing unusual family architecture 144 clinical kinase inhibitors screened against AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and MPSK1 Nanomolar and covalent inhibitors discovered from clinical kinase library
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Sorrell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marta Szklarz
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kamal R Abdul Azeez
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jon M Elkins
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Serine/threonine kinase 16 and MAL2 regulate constitutive secretion of soluble cargo in hepatic cells. Biochem J 2014; 463:201-13. [PMID: 25084525 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MAL2 (myelin and lymphocyte protein 2) is thought to regulate at least two steps in the hepatic apical transcytotic pathway. As vesicle budding and delivery at each step are driven by complex machineries, we predicted that MAL2 participates in several large protein complexes with multiple binding partners. To identify novel MAL2 interactors, we performed split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid assays and identified STK16 (serine/threonine kinase 16) as a putative interactor which we verified morphologically and biochemically. As STK16 is a Golgi-associated constitutively active kinase implicated in regulating secretion and because of the massive constitutive secretory capacity of hepatic cells, we tested whether MAL2 and STK16 function in secretion. Expression of a dominant-negative kinase-dead STK16 mutant (E202A) or knockdown of MAL2 impaired secretion that correlated with decreased expression of albumin and haptoglobin. By using 19°C temperature blocks and lysosome deacidification, we determined that E202A expression or MAL2 knockdown did not interfere with albumin synthesis or processing, but led to albumin lysosomal degradation. We conclude that MAL2 and the constitutively active STK16 function to sort secretory soluble cargo into the constitutive secretory pathway at the TGN (trans-Golgi network) in polarized hepatocytes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Manandhar SP, Calle EN, Gharakhanian E. Distinct palmitoylation events at the amino-terminal conserved cysteines of Env7 direct its stability, localization, and vacuolar fusion regulation in S. cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11431-11442. [PMID: 24610781 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.524082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation at cysteine residues is the only known reversible form of lipidation and has been implicated in protein membrane association as well as function. Many palmitoylated proteins have regulatory roles in dynamic cellular processes, including membrane fusion. Recently, we identified Env7 as a conserved and palmitoylated protein kinase involved in negative regulation of membrane fusion at the lysosomal vacuole. Env7 contains a palmitoylation consensus sequence, and substitution of its three consecutive cysteines (Cys(13)-Cys(15)) results in a non-palmitoylated and cytoplasmic Env7. In this study, we further dissect and define the role(s) of individual cysteines of the consensus sequence in various properties of Env7 in vivo. Our results indicate that more than one of the cysteines serve as palmitoylation substrates, and any pairwise combination is essential and sufficient for near wild type levels of Env7 palmitoylation, membrane localization, and phosphorylation. Furthermore, individually, each cysteine can serve as a minimum requirement for distinct aspects of Env7 behavior and function in cells. Cys(13) is sufficient for membrane association, Cys(15) is essential for the fusion regulatory function of membrane-bound Env7, and Cys(14) and Cys(15) are redundantly essential for protection of membrane-bound Env7 from proteasomal degradation. A role for Cys(14) and Cys(15) in correct sorting at the membrane is also discussed. Thus, palmitoylation at the N-terminal cysteines of Env7 directs not only its membrane association but also its stability, phosphorylation, and cellular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Manandhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840
| | - Erika N Calle
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840
| | - Editte Gharakhanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Env7 is a novel serine/threonine kinase 16-related protein kinase and negatively regulates organelle fusion at the lysosomal vacuole. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 33:526-42. [PMID: 23166297 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01303-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion depends on conserved components and is responsible for organelle biogenesis and vesicular trafficking. Yeast vacuoles are dynamic structures analogous to mammalian lysosomes. We report here that yeast Env7 is a novel palmitoylated protein kinase ortholog that negatively regulates vacuolar membrane fusion. Microscopic and biochemical studies confirmed the localization of tagged Env7 at the vacuolar membrane and implicated membrane association via the palmitoylation of its N-terminal Cys13 to -15. In vitro kinase assays established Env7 as a protein kinase. Site-directed mutagenesis of the Env7 alanine-proline-glutamic acid (APE) motif Glu269 to alanine results in an unstable kinase-dead allele that is stabilized and redistributed to the detergent-resistant fraction by interruption of the proteasome system in vivo. Palmitoylation-deficient Env7C13-15S is also kinase dead and mislocalizes to the cytoplasm. Microscopy studies established that env7Δ is defective in maintaining fragmented vacuoles during hyperosmotic response and in buds. ENV7 function is not redundant with a similar role of vacuolar membrane kinase Yck3, as the two do not share a substrate, and ENV7 is not a suppressor of yck3Δ. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses strongly support ENV7 as an ortholog of the gene encoding human STK16, a Golgi apparatus protein kinase with undefined function. We propose that Env7 function in fusion/fission dynamics may be conserved within the endomembrane system.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fathers KE, Rodrigues S, Zuo D, Murthy IV, Hallett M, Cardiff R, Park M. CrkII transgene induces atypical mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 176:446-60. [PMID: 20008144 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The v-Crk protein was originally isolated as the oncogene fusion product of the CT10 chicken retrovirus. Cellular homologues of v-Crk include Crk, which encodes two alternatively spliced proteins (CrkI and CrkII), and CrkL. Though CrkI/II proteins are elevated in several types of cancer, including breast, the question of whether these Crk adaptor proteins can promote breast cancer has not been addressed. We created a transgenic mouse model that allows the expression of CrkII through the hormonally responsive mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. During puberty, transgenic mice were found to have delayed ductal outgrowth, characterized by increased collagen surrounding the terminal end buds. In post-pubertal mice, precocious ductal branching was observed and associated with increased proliferation. Focal mammary tumors appeared in a subset of animals, with a latency of approximately 15 months. Mouse mammary tumor virus/CrkII tumors showed high levels of Crk protein as well as various cytokeratin markers characteristic of their respective tumor pathologies. This study demonstrates that the precise expression of CrkII is critical for integrating signals for ductal outgrowth and branching morphogenesis during mammary gland development. Furthermore, this study provides evidence for a potential role of CrkII in integrating signals for breast cancer progression in vivo, which has important implications for elevated CrkII observed in human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Fathers
- Departments of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Padovani M, Lavigne JA, Chandramouli GVR, Perkins SN, Barrett JC, Hursting SD, Bennett LM, Berrigan D. Distinct effects of calorie restriction and exercise on mammary gland gene expression in C57BL/6 mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:1076-87. [PMID: 19952363 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Energy balance, including diet, weight, adiposity, and physical activity, is associated with carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies indicate that obesity and sedentary and/or active behavior are risk factors for breast cancer in postmenopausal women and survival in both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Thus, understanding the influence of energy balance modulation on changes in gene expression patterns in the normal mammary gland is important for understanding mechanisms linking energy balance and breast cancer. In a 6-week-long study, female C57BL/6 mice (9-week-old) were randomized into four groups: (a) food consumed ad libitum (AL), (b) AL with access to running wheels (AL+EX), (c) 30% calorie restricted (CR), and (d) 30% CR with access to running wheels (CR+EX). CR mice received 70% of calories but 100% of all other nutrients compared with AL mice. Diet and exercise treatments, individually and combined, had significant effects on body composition and physical activity. Affymetrix oligomicroarrays were used to explore changes in gene expression patterns in total RNA samples from excised whole mammary glands. Contrasting AL versus CR resulted in 425 statistically significant expression changes, whereas AL versus AL+EX resulted in 45 changes, with only 3 changes included among the same genes, indicating that CR and EX differentially influence expression patterns in noncancerous mammary tissue. Differential expression was observed in genes related to breast cancer stem cells, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and the growth and survival of breast cancer cells. Thus, CR and EX seem to exert their effects on mammary carcinogenesis through distinct pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Padovani
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eswaran J, Bernad A, Ligos JM, Guinea B, Debreczeni JE, Sobott F, Parker SA, Najmanovich R, Turk BE, Knapp S. Structure of the human protein kinase MPSK1 reveals an atypical activation loop architecture. Structure 2008; 16:115-24. [PMID: 18184589 PMCID: PMC2194165 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The activation segment of protein kinases is structurally highly conserved and central to regulation of kinase activation. Here we report an atypical activation segment architecture in human MPSK1 comprising a β sheet and a large α-helical insertion. Sequence comparisons suggested that similar activation segments exist in all members of the MPSK1 family and in MAST kinases. The consequence of this nonclassical activation segment on substrate recognition was studied using peptide library screens that revealed a preferred substrate sequence of X-X-P/V/I-ϕ-H/Y-T∗-N/G-X-X-X (ϕ is an aliphatic residue). In addition, we identified the GTPase DRG1 as an MPSK1 interaction partner and specific substrate. The interaction domain in DRG1 was mapped to the N terminus, leading to recruitment and phosphorylation at Thr100 within the GTPase domain. The presented data reveal an atypical kinase structural motif and suggest a role of MPSK1 regulating DRG1, a GTPase involved in regulation of cellular growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyanthy Eswaran
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sarkisian CJ, Keister BA, Stairs DB, Boxer RB, Moody SE, Chodosh LA. Dose-dependent oncogene-induced senescence in vivo and its evasion during mammary tumorigenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:493-505. [PMID: 17450133 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activating Ras mutations can induce either proliferation or senescence depending on the cellular context. To determine whether Ras activation has context-dependent effects in the mammary gland, we generated doxycycline-inducible transgenic mice that permit Ras activation to be titrated. Low levels of Ras activation - similar to those found in non-transformed mouse tissues expressing endogenous oncogenic Kras2 - stimulate cellular proliferation and mammary epithelial hyperplasias. In contrast, high levels of Ras activation - similar to those found in tumours bearing endogenous Kras2 mutations - induce cellular senescence that is Ink4a-Arf- dependent and irreversible following Ras downregulation. Chronic low-level Ras induction results in tumour formation, but only after the spontaneous upregulation of activated Ras and evasion of senescence checkpoints. Thus, high-level, but not low-level, Ras activation activates tumour suppressor pathways and triggers an irreversible senescent growth arrest in vivo. We suggest a three-stage model for Ras-induced tumorigenesis consisting of an initial activating Ras mutation, overexpression of the activated Ras allele and, finally, evasion of p53-Ink4a-Arf-dependent senescence checkpoints.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ADP-Ribosylation Factors/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cellular Senescence/drug effects
- Cellular Senescence/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxycycline/pharmacology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hyperplasia
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/genetics
- Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Protein Transport
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Sarkisian
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Howlin J, McBryan J, Martin F. Pubertal mammary gland development: insights from mouse models. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2006; 11:283-97. [PMID: 17089203 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-006-9024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During puberty the mammary gland develops from a rudimentary tree to a branched epithelial network of ducts which can support alveolar development and subsequent milk production during pregnancy and lactation. This process involves growth, proliferation, migration, branching, invasion, apoptosis and above all, tight regulation which allows these processes to take place simultaneously during the course of just a few weeks to create an adult gland. The process is under hormonal control and is thus coordinated with reproductive development. Mouse models, with overexpressed or knocked-out genes, have highlighted a number of pubertal mammary gland phenotypes and given significant insight into the regulatory mechanisms controlling this period of development. Here we review the published findings of the wide range of gene-manipulated mammary mouse models, documenting the common pubertal mammary gland phenotypes observed, and summarizing their contribution to our current understanding of how pubertal mammary gland development occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Howlin
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Malmo University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|