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Ferrad M, Ghazzaui N, Issaoui H, Cook-Moreau J, Denizot Y. Mouse Models of c-myc Deregulation Driven by IgH Locus Enhancers as Models of B-Cell Lymphomagenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1564. [PMID: 32793219 PMCID: PMC7390917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations linking various oncogenes to transcriptional enhancers of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus are often implicated as the cause of B-cell malignancies. Two major IgH transcriptional enhancers have been reported so far. The Eμ enhancer located upstream of the Cμ gene controls early events in B-cell maturation such as VDJ recombination. The 3' regulatory region (3'RR) located downstream from the Cα gene controls late events in B-cell maturation such as IgH transcription, somatic hypermutation, and class switch recombination. Convincing demonstrations of the essential contributions of both Eμ and 3'RR in B-cell lymphomagenesis have been provided by transgenic and knock-in animal models which bring the oncogene c-myc under Eμ/3'RR transcriptional control. This short review summarizes the different mouse models so far available and their interests/limitations for progress in our understanding of human c-myc-induced B-cell lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ferrad
- Inserm U1262, UMR CNRS 7276, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Nour Ghazzaui
- Inserm U1262, UMR CNRS 7276, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Hussein Issaoui
- Inserm U1262, UMR CNRS 7276, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jeanne Cook-Moreau
- Inserm U1262, UMR CNRS 7276, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Yves Denizot
- Inserm U1262, UMR CNRS 7276, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
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Ghazzaui N, Issaoui H, Ferrad M, Carrion C, Cook-Moreau J, Denizot Y, Boyer F. Eμ and 3'RR transcriptional enhancers of the IgH locus cooperate to promote c-myc-induced mature B-cell lymphomas. Blood Adv 2020; 4:28-39. [PMID: 31899800 PMCID: PMC6960469 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous B-cell lymphomas feature translocations linking oncogenes to different locations in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus. During Burkitt lymphoma (BL), IgH breakpoints for c-myc translocation stand either close to JH segments or within switch regions. Transcription, accessibility, and remodeling of the IgH locus are under the control of the 2 potent cis-acting enhancer elements: Eμ and the 3' regulatory region (3'RR). To ensure their respective contributions to oncogene deregulation in the context of the endogenous IgH locus, we studied transgenic mice harboring a knock-in of c-myc in various positions of the IgH locus (3' to JH segments, 5' to Cμ with Eμ deletion and Cα). The observed spectrum of tumors, kinetics of emergence, and transcriptome analysis provide strong evidence that both Eμ and 3'RR deregulate c-myc and cooperate together to promote B-cell lymphomagenesis. Transgenics mimicking endemic BL (with c-myc placed 3' to JH segments) exhibited the highest rate of B-cell lymphoma emergence, the highest Ki67 index of proliferation, and the highest transcriptomic similarities to human BL. The 3'RR enhancer alone deregulated c-myc and initiated the development of BL-like lymphomas, suggesting that its targeting would be of therapeutic interest to reduce c-myc oncogenicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ghazzaui
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1262, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Hussein Issaoui
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1262, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Mélissa Ferrad
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1262, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Claire Carrion
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1262, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jeanne Cook-Moreau
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1262, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Yves Denizot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1262, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - François Boyer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1262, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
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Saintamand A, Vincent-Fabert C, Marquet M, Ghazzaui N, Magnone V, Pinaud E, Cogné M, Denizot Y. E μ and 3'RR IgH enhancers show hierarchic unilateral dependence in mature B-cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:442. [PMID: 28348365 PMCID: PMC5428668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer and super-enhancers are master regulators of cell fate. While they act at long-distances on adjacent genes, it is unclear whether they also act on one another. The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus is unique in carrying two super-enhancers at both ends of the constant gene cluster: the 5'Eμ super-enhancer promotes VDJ recombination during the earliest steps of B-cell ontogeny while the 3' regulatory region (3'RR) is essential for late differentiation. Since they carry functional synergies in mature B-cells and physically interact during IgH locus DNA looping, we investigated if they were independent engines of locus remodelling or if their function was more intimately intermingled, their optimal activation then requiring physical contact with each other. Analysis of chromatin marks, enhancer RNA transcription and accessibility in Eμ- and 3'RR-deficient mice show, in mature activated B-cells, an unilateral dependence of this pair of enhancers: while the 3'RR acts in autonomy, Eμ in contrast likely falls under control of the 3'RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saintamand
- CNRS UMR 7276, CRIBL, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France. .,INSERM U1236, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
| | | | - M Marquet
- CNRS UMR 7276, CRIBL, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - N Ghazzaui
- CNRS UMR 7276, CRIBL, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - V Magnone
- CNRS et Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 6097, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - E Pinaud
- CNRS UMR 7276, CRIBL, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - M Cogné
- CNRS UMR 7276, CRIBL, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Y Denizot
- CNRS UMR 7276, CRIBL, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.
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Sungalee S, Mamessier E, Morgado E, Grégoire E, Brohawn PZ, Morehouse CA, Jouve N, Monvoisin C, Menard C, Debroas G, Faroudi M, Mechin V, Navarro JM, Drevet C, Eberle FC, Chasson L, Baudimont F, Mancini SJ, Tellier J, Picquenot JM, Kelly R, Vineis P, Ruminy P, Chetaille B, Jaffe ES, Schiff C, Hardwigsen J, Tice DA, Higgs BW, Tarte K, Nadel B, Roulland S. Germinal center reentries of BCL2-overexpressing B cells drive follicular lymphoma progression. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5337-51. [PMID: 25384217 DOI: 10.1172/jci72415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated that memory B cells can reenter and reengage germinal center (GC) reactions, opening the possibility that multi-hit lymphomagenesis gradually occurs throughout life during successive immunological challenges. Here, we investigated this scenario in follicular lymphoma (FL), an indolent GC-derived malignancy. We developed a mouse model that recapitulates the FL hallmark t(14;18) translocation, which results in constitutive activation of antiapoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) in a subset of B cells, and applied a combination of molecular and immunofluorescence approaches to track normal and t(14;18)(+) memory B cells in human and BCL2-overexpressing B cells in murine lymphoid tissues. BCL2-overexpressing B cells required multiple GC transits before acquiring FL-associated developmental arrest and presenting as GC B cells with constitutive activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mutator activity. Moreover, multiple reentries into the GC were necessary for the progression to advanced precursor stages of FL. Together, our results demonstrate that protracted subversion of immune dynamics contributes to early dissemination and progression of t(14;18)(+) precursors and shapes the systemic presentation of FL patients.
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Loosveld M, Bonnet M, Gon S, Montpellier B, Quilichini B, Navarro JM, Crouzet T, Goujart MA, Chasson L, Morgado E, Picard C, Hernandez L, Fossat C, Gabert J, Michel G, Nadel B, Payet-Bornet D. MYC fails to efficiently shape malignant transformation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:52-66. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Loosveld
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
- Department of Hematology; AP-HM La Timone; 13385 Marseille France
| | - Mélanie Bonnet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | - Stéphanie Gon
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | - Bertrand Montpellier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Navarro
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | - Thomas Crouzet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | - Marie-Amélie Goujart
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
- Department of Hematology; AP-HM La Timone; 13385 Marseille France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | - Ester Morgado
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | - Christophe Picard
- UMR 7268; Anthropologie Bio-culturelle; Droit, Ethique et Santé - ADES
| | - Lucie Hernandez
- Hematology Laboratory; AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis 75010 Paris France
| | - Chantal Fossat
- Department of Hematology; AP-HM La Timone; 13385 Marseille France
| | - Jean Gabert
- Université de la Méditerranée IFR 11; Marseille France
- Biochemistry and molecular Biology Laboratory; AP-HM Hopital Nord; Marseille France
| | - Gérard Michel
- Department of Hematology; AP-HM La Timone; 13385 Marseille France
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | - Dominique Payet-Bornet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy; Aix-Marseille Université; 13288 Marseille France
- INSERM U1104
- CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
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Duchez S, Pascal V, Cogné N, Jayat-Vignoles C, Julien R, Cogné M. Glycotranscriptome study reveals an enzymatic switch modulating glycosaminoglycan synthesis during B-cell development and activation. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3632-44. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201140865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Fiancette R, Rouaud P, Vincent-Fabert C, Laffleur B, Magnone V, Cogné M, Denizot Y. A p53 defect sensitizes various stages of B cell development to lymphomagenesis in mice carrying an IgH 3' regulatory region-driven c-myc transgene. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5772-82. [PMID: 22039300 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although c-myc is classically described as the driving oncogene in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), deregulation and mutations of c-myc have been reported in multiple solid tumors and in other mature B cell malignancies such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), myeloma, and plasma cell lymphoma (PCL). After translocation into the IgH locus, c-myc is constitutively expressed under the control of active IgH enhancers. Those located in the IgH 3' regulatory region (3'RR) are master control elements of class switch recombination and of the transcriptional burst associated with plasma cell differentiation. c-myc-3'RR mice are prone to lymphomas with rather homogeneous, most often BL-like, phenotypes with incomplete penetrance (75% tumor incidence) and long latencies (10-12 mo). To reproduce c-myc-induced mature B cell lymphomagenesis in the context of an additional defect often observed in human lymphomas, we intercrossed c-myc-3'RR with p53(+/-) mice. Double transgenic c-myc-3'RR/p53(+/-) mice developed lymphoma with short latency (2-4 mo) and full penetrance (100% tumor incidence). The spectrum of B lymphomas occurring in c-myc-3'RR/p53(+/-) mice was widened, including nonactivated (CD43(-)) BL, activated (CD43(+)) BL, MCL-like lymphoma, and PCL, thus showing that 3'RR-mediated deregulation of c-myc can promote various types of B lymphoproliferation in cells that first acquired a p53 defect. c-myc/p53(+/-) mice closely reproduce many features of BL, MCL, and PCL and provide a novel and efficient model to dissect the molecular events leading to c-myc-induced lymphomagenesis and an important tool to test potential therapeutic agents on malignant B cells featuring various maturation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fiancette
- Faculté de Médecine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6101, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 87025 Limoges, France
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Fiancette R, Amin R, Truffinet V, Vincent-Fabert C, Cogné N, Cogné M, Denizot Y. A myeloma translocation-like model associating CCND1 with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus 3' enhancers does not promote by itself B-cell malignancies. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1043-51. [PMID: 20018375 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. In myeloma, it often results from chromosomal translocations linking the CCND1 gene to the 3' part of the IgH locus constant region. This region includes a single and potent transcriptional regulatory region (RR) 3' of the Calpha gene mostly active in mature B-cells. To check whether this RR alone was sufficient to deregulate CCND1, we generated mice carrying a 3'IgH RR-driven human CCND1 transgene and specifically up-regulating cyclin D1 expression in B-cells. In transgenic B-cells, cyclin D1 enforced cell cycle entry in response to various stimuli (LPS, anti-IgM, anti-CD40) but also increased cell death, so that exaggerated proliferation did not result in peripheral lymphocytosis. Despite exaggerated B-cell entry into G(1) phase, malignant lymphoproliferation did not occur either. Crossing of CCND1-3'IgH RR mice with c-myc-3'IgH RR mice did not reveal accelerated tumorigenesis as compared with c-myc-3'IgH RR mice alone. The data presented here demonstrate that the 3'IgH RR-mediated deregulation of CCND1 in mature B-cells cannot by itself trigger the development of lymphomas and strengthen the concept that cyclin D1 per se is not an armful proto-oncogene. Rather its overexpression in several malignancies might be only a stigma of lymphomagenesis or represent a single hit within a multiple hit process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fiancette
- UMR CNRS 6101, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Limoges, 2 rue Dr. Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
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Moltó E, Fernández A, Montoliu L. Boundaries in vertebrate genomes: different solutions to adequately insulate gene expression domains. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 8:283-96. [PMID: 19752046 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elp031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression domains are normally not arranged in vertebrate genomes according to their expression patterns. Instead, it is not unusual to find genes expressed in different cell types, or in different developmental stages, sharing a particular region of a chromosome. Therefore, the existence of boundaries, or insulators, as non-coding gene regulatory elements, is instrumental for the adequate organization and function of vertebrate genomes. Through the evolution and natural selection at the molecular level, and according to available DNA sequences surrounding a locus, previously existing or recently mobilized, different elements have been recruited to serve as boundaries, depending on their suitability to properly insulate gene expression domains. In this regard, several gene regulatory elements, including scaffold/matrix-attachment regions, members of families of DNA repetitive elements (such as LINEs or SINEs), target sites for the zinc-finger multipurpose nuclear factor CTCF, enhancers and locus control regions, have been reported to show functional activities as insulators. In this review, we will address how such a variety of apparently different genomic sequences converge in a similar function, namely, to adequately insulate a gene expression domain, thereby allowing the locus to be expressed according to their own gene regulatory elements without interfering itself and being interfered by surrounding loci. The identification and characterization of genomic boundaries is not only interesting as a theoretical exercise for better understanding how vertebrate genomes are organized, but also allows devising new and improved gene transfer strategies to ensure the expression of heterologous DNA constructs in ectopic genomic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moltó
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Truffinet V, Pinaud E, Cogné N, Petit B, Guglielmi L, Cogné M, Denizot Y. The 3' IgH locus control region is sufficient to deregulate a c-myc transgene and promote mature B cell malignancies with a predominant Burkitt-like phenotype. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:6033-42. [PMID: 17947677 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.9.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) features translocations linking c-myc to an Ig locus. Breakpoints in the H chain locus (IgH) stand either close to J(H) or within switch regions and always link c-myc to the 3' IgH locus control region (3' LCR). To test the hypothesis that the 3' LCR alone was sufficient to deregulate c-myc, we generated mice carrying a 3' LCR-driven c-myc transgene and specifically up-regulating c-myc in B cells. Splenic B cells from mice proliferated exaggeratedly in response to various signals had an elevated apoptosis rate but normal B220/IgM/IgD expression. Although all Ig levels were lowered in vivo, class switching and Ig secretion proved normal in vitro. Beginning at the age of 12 wk, transgenic mice developed clonal lymphoblastic lymphomas or diffuse anaplastic plasmacytomas with an overall incidence of 80% by 40 wk. Lymphoblastic lymphomas were B220(+)IgM(+)IgD(+) with the BL "starry sky" appearance. Gene expression profiles revealed broad alterations in the proliferation program and the Ras-p21 pathway. Our study demonstrates that 3' IgH enhancers alone can deregulate c-myc and initiate the development of BL-like lymphomas. The rapid and constant occurrence of lymphoma in this model makes it valuable for the understanding and the potential therapeutic manipulation of c-myc oncogenicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Truffinet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6101, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
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