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Ruiz Y, Ramos PL, Soto J, Rodríguez M, Carlos N, Reyes A, Callard D, Sánchez Y, Pujol M, Fuentes A. The M4 insulator, the TM2 matrix attachment region, and the double copy of the heavy chain gene contribute to the enhanced accumulation of the PHB-01 antibody in tobacco plants. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:171-186. [PMID: 31919795 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of recombinant proteins in plants is a valuable alternative to bioreactors using mammalian cell systems. Ease of scaling, and their inability to host human pathogens, enhance the use of plants to generate complex therapeutic products such as monoclonal antibodies. However, stably transformed plants expressing antibodies normally have a poor accumulation of these proteins that probably arise from the negative positional effects of their flanking chromatin. The induction of boundaries between the transgenes and the surrounding DNA using matrix attachment regions (MAR) and insulator elements may minimize these effects. With the PHB-01 antibody as a model, we demonstrated that the insertion of DNA elements, the TM2 (MAR) and M4 insulator, flanking the transcriptional cassettes that encode the light and heavy chains of the PHB-01 antibody, increased the protein accumulation that remained stable in the first plant progeny. The M4 insulator had a stronger effect than the TM2, with over a twofold increase compared to the standard construction. This effect was probably associated with an enhancer-promoter interference. Moreover, transgenic plants harboring two transcriptional units encoding for the PHB-01 heavy chain combined with both TM2 and M4 elements enhanced the accumulation of the antibody. In summary, the M4 combined with a double transcriptional unit of the heavy chain may be a suitable strategy for potentiating PHB-01 production in tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoslaine Ruiz
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Pedro Luis Ramos
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba
- Department of Phytopathology and Plant Biochemistry, Instituto Biologico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeny Soto
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba
- Comparative Pathology Department, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Meilyn Rodríguez
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Natacha Carlos
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Aneisi Reyes
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Danay Callard
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yadira Sánchez
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Merardo Pujol
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alejandro Fuentes
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cuba, Ave. 31/158 and 190, Playa, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba.
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Dolgova AS, Dolgov SV. Matrix attachment regions as a tool to influence plant transgene expression. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:176. [PMID: 30997313 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of special regulatory sequences known as matrix attachment regions (MARs) in transgene constructs has been suggested as a possible approach to stabilise the expression of foreign heterological genes. The present review provides a brief summary regarding the MARs that have been used in investigations studying their influence on plant transgene expression in different plants with different promoters and reporter genes, and the comparison of these investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sergeevna Dolgova
- 1Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia
- 2Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Diamos AG, Mason HS. Chimeric 3' flanking regions strongly enhance gene expression in plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1971-1982. [PMID: 29637682 PMCID: PMC6230951 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants represent a promising platform for the highly scalable production of recombinant proteins. Previously, we identified the tobacco extensin terminator lacking its intron as an element that reduced transcript read-through and improved recombinant protein production in a plant-based system. In this study, we systematically compared nonreplicating plant expression vectors containing over 20 commonly used or newly identified terminators from diverse sources. We found that eight gene terminators enhance reporter gene expression significantly more than the commonly used 35S and NOS terminators. The intronless extensin terminator provided a 13.6-fold increase compared with the NOS terminator. Combining terminators in tandem produced large synergistic effects, with many combinations providing a >25-fold increase in expression. Addition of the tobacco Rb7 or TM6 matrix attachment region (MAR) strongly enhanced protein production when added to most terminators, with the Rb7 MAR providing the greatest enhancement. Using deletion analysis, the full activity of the 1193 bp Rb7 MAR was found to require only a 463-bp region at its 3' end. Combined terminators and MAR together provided a >60-fold increase compared with the NOS terminator alone. These combinations were then placed in a replicating geminiviral vector, providing a total of >150-fold enhancement over the original NOS vector, corresponding to an estimated yield of 3-5 g recombinant protein per kg leaf fresh weight or around 50% of the leaf total soluble protein. These results demonstrate the importance of 3' flanking regions in optimizing gene expression and show great potential for 3' flanking regions to improve DNA-based recombinant protein production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Diamos
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and VirotherapyBiodesign Institute at ASU, and School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Hugh S. Mason
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and VirotherapyBiodesign Institute at ASU, and School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
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Dietz-Pfeilstetter A, Arndt N, Manske U. Effects of a petunia scaffold/matrix attachment region on copy number dependency and stability of transgene expression in Nicotiana tabacum. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:149-62. [PMID: 26732611 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transgenes in genetically modified plants are often not reliably expressed during development or in subsequent generations. Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) as well as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) have been shown to occur in transgenic plants depending on integration pattern, copy number and integration site. In an effort to reduce position effects, to prevent read-through transcription and to provide a more accessible chromatin structure, a P35S-ß-glucuronidase (P35S-gus) transgene flanked by a scaffold/matrix attachment region from petunia (Petun-SAR), was introduced in Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. It was found that Petun-SAR mediates enhanced expression and copy number dependency up to 2 gene copies, but did not prevent gene silencing in transformants with multiple and rearranged gene copies. However, in contrast to the non-SAR transformants where silencing was irreversible and proceeded during long-term vegetative propagation and in progeny plants, gus expression in Petun-SAR plants was re-established in the course of development. Gene silencing was not necessarily accompanied by DNA methylation, while the gus transgene could still be expressed despite considerable CG methylation within the coding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Nicola Arndt
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Manske
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
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Wang XJ, Wang J, Wang YY, Guo YJ, Chu BB, Yang GY. Sus scrofa matrix attachment region enhances expression of the PiggyBac system transfected into HEK293T cells. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:949-58. [PMID: 26965151 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of the Sus scrofa matrix attachment region (SusMAR) on transgene expression in HEK293T cells. RESULTS Three expression vectors with the MAR at different sites in the PiggyBac (PB) transposon vector backbone were compared: two MARs flanking the β-galactosidase (β-gal) expression cassette, and one at the upstream or downstream site. Bos taurus MAR (BosMAR) and a β-gal expression cassette without MARs were the positive and negative controls, respectively. Compared to the control, β-gal activity of all SusMAR and BosMAR vectors was significantly improved in the presence of PB transposase (PBase). However, only the downstream SusMAR and upstream BosMAR vectors showed increased expression in the absence of PBase. Expression was significantly increased in all vectors with the PBase group compared to those without the PBase group. Gene copy numbers were not increased compared to the negative control. CONCLUSIONS SusMAR enhanced recombinant gene expression levels and stability in HEK293T cells, was not increase transgene copy number. These results could facilitate the development of vectors for stable production of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- College of Animal Husbandary and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road 95, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
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Diamos AG, Rosenthal SH, Mason HS. 5' and 3' Untranslated Regions Strongly Enhance Performance of Geminiviral Replicons in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:200. [PMID: 26941764 PMCID: PMC4764687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported a recombinant protein production system based on a geminivirus replicon that yields high levels of vaccine antigens and monoclonal antibodies in plants. The bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) replicon generates massive amounts of DNA copies, which engage the plant transcription machinery. However, we noticed a disparity between transcript level and protein production, suggesting that mRNAs could be more efficiently utilized. In this study, we systematically evaluated genetic elements from human, viral, and plant sources for their potential to improve the BeYDV system. The tobacco extensin terminator enhanced transcript accumulation and protein production compared to other commonly used terminators, indicating that efficient transcript processing plays an important role in recombinant protein production. Evaluation of human-derived 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) indicated that many provided high levels of protein production, supporting their cross-kingdom function. Among the viral 5' UTRs tested, we found the greatest enhancement with the tobacco mosaic virus omega leader. An analysis of the 5' UTRs from the Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotinana benthamiana photosystem I K genes found that they were highly active when truncated to include only the near upstream region, providing a dramatic enhancement of transgene production that exceeded that of the tobacco mosaic virus omega leader. The tobacco Rb7 matrix attachment region inserted downstream from the gene of interest provided significant enhancement, which was correlated with a reduction in plant cell death. Evaluation of Agrobacterium strains found that EHA105 enhanced protein production and reduced cell death compared to LBA4301 and GV3101. We used these improvements to produce Norwalk virus capsid protein at >20% total soluble protein, corresponding to 1.8 mg/g leaf fresh weight, more than twice the highest level ever reported in a plant system. We also produced the monoclonal antibody rituximab at 1 mg/g leaf fresh weight.
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Geng L, Chi J, Shu C, Gresshoff PM, Song F, Huang D, Zhang J. A chimeric cry8Ea1 gene flanked by MARs efficiently controls Holotrichia parallela. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1211-1218. [PMID: 23535868 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Peanuts transformed with the synthetic cry8Ea1 gene flanked by MARs are a potentially effective control strategy against white grubs. Cry8Ea1 protein levels of the construct containing MARs were increased by 2.5 times. White grubs are now recognized as the most important pests of peanut worldwide. A synthetic cry8Ea1 gene, which was toxic to Holotrichia parallela larvae, was expressed in chimeric peanut roots using an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation system. The relative mRNA and protein levels of the cry8Ea1 gene were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The effects of matrix attachment regions (MARs) on the expression and activity of the cry8Ea1 gene were analyzed. The average expression level of cry8Ea1 in peanut roots was higher for the plants harboring constructs flanked by MARs from tobacco. Moreover, differing from previous studies, the synthetic cry8Ea1 gene flanked by MARs showed more variation in protein levels than mRNA levels. These composite plants containing cry8Ea1 gene flanked by MARs exhibited a high toxicity against Holotrichia parallela larvae as shown by bioassay analysis, thus offering a potential effective combination to control subterranean insects in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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Ji L, Xu R, Lu L, Zhang J, Yang G, Huang J, Wu C, Zheng C. TM6, a novel nuclear matrix attachment region, enhances its flanking gene expression through influencing their chromatin structure. Mol Cells 2013; 36:127-37. [PMID: 23852133 PMCID: PMC3887953 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) regulate the higher-order organization of chromatin and affect the expression of their flanking genes. In this study, a tobacco MAR, TM6, was isolated and demonstrated to remarkably increase the expression of four different promoters that drive gusA gene and adjacent nptII gene. In turn, this expression enhanced the transformation frequency of transgenic tobacco. Deletion analysis of topoisomerase II-binding site, AT-rich element, and MAR recognition signature (MRS) showed that MRS has the highest contribution (61.7%) to the TM6 sequence-mediated transcription activation. Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) accessibility assay showed that 35S and NOS promoter regions with TM6 are more sensitive than those without TM6. The analysis also revealed that TM6 reduces promoter DNA methylation which can affect the gusA expression. In addition, two tobacco chromatin-associated proteins, NtMBP1 and NtHMGB, isolated using a yeast one-hybrid system, specifically bound to the TM6II-1 region (761 bp to 870 bp) and to the MRS element in the TM6II-2 (934 bp to 1,021 bp) region, respectively. We thus suggested that TM6 mediated its chromatin opening and chromatin accessibility of its flanking promoters with consequent enhancement of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018,
P.R. China
- Present address: College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059,
P.R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018,
P.R. China
| | - Longtao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018,
P.R. China
- Present address: Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261061,
P.R.China
| | - Jiedao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018,
P.R. China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018,
P.R. China
| | - Jinguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018,
P.R. China
| | - Changai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018,
P.R. China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018,
P.R. China
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Festa M, Brun P, Piccinini R, Castagliuolo I, Basso B, Zecconi A. Staphylococcus aureus Efb protein expression in Nicotiana tabacum and immune response to oral administration. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:484-9. [PMID: 23158852 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most widespread agent of diseases in humans and animals. In dairy cows, S. aureus is the most frequently isolated contagious pathogens in mastitis cases and vaccines are one of the potential tools to control the infections, thus decreasing the use of antibiotics. Among all the virulence factors produced by S. aureus, extra cellular fibrinogen binding protein (Efb) is an important one in the pathogenesis of mastitis. Plants are useful bioreactors to produce antigens and the aim of the study was the production of Efb in two cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum as a mean to produce vaccine against S. aureus in plants. A matrix attachment region (MAR) sequence was inserted near the two borders of transfer-DNA in the transformation vector in the two possible orientations. The presence of MAR elements in the transformation system significantly improved transformation efficiency and Efb protein yield up to a 2% level on total soluble protein (TSP). Mice orally immunized with transgenic lyophilized leaves produced an antigen-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Festa
- Institute of Biophysics CNR-Dept. Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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LI QIN, DONG WEIHUA, WANG TIANYUN, LIU ZHONGHE, WANG FANG, WANG XIAOYIN, ZHAO CHUNPENG, ZHANG JUNHE, WANG LI. Effect of β-globin MAR characteristic elements on transgene expression. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1871-4. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Positional effects of the matrix attachment region on transgene expression in stably transfected CHO cells. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:141-5. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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