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Sims I, Jayaweera D, Swarup K, Ray RV. Molecular Characterization of Defense of Brassica napus (Oilseed Rape) to Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 Confirmed by Functional Analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1525-1536. [PMID: 36935378 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-22-0305-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic, soilborne fungal pathogen associated with significant establishment losses in Brassica napus (oilseed rape; OSR). The anastomosis group (AG) 2-1 of R. solani is the most virulent to OSR, causing damping-off, root and hypocotyl rot, and seedling death. Resistance to R. solani AG2-1 in OSR has not been identified, and the regulation of OSR defense to its adapted pathogen, AG2-1, has not been investigated. In this work, we used confocal microscopy to visualize the progress of infection by sclerotia of AG2-1 on B. napus varieties with contrasting disease phenotypes. We defined their defense response using gene expression studies and functional analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Our results showed existing variation in susceptibility to AG2-1 and plant growth between OSR varieties, and differential expression of genes of hormonal and defense pathways related to auxin, ethylene, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and reactive oxygen species regulation. Auxin, abscisic acid signaling, and the MYC2 branch of jasmonate signaling contributed to the susceptibility to AG2-1, while induced systemic resistance was enhanced by NAPDH RBOHD, ethylene signaling, and the ERF/PDF branch of jasmonate signaling. These results pave the way for future research, which will lead to the development of Brassica crops that are more resistant to AG2-1 of R. solani and reduce dependence on chemical control options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sims
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD
| | - Dasuni Jayaweera
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD
| | - Kamal Swarup
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD
| | - Rumiana V Ray
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD
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Sadhu S, Jogam P, Gande K, Marapaka V, Penna S, Peddaboina V. Expression of radish defensin (RsAFP2) gene in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) confers resistance to Fusarium wilt disease. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:11-18. [PMID: 36282461 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a major nutritional source cultivated worldwide, is vulnerable to several abiotic and biotic stresses, including different types of soil-borne pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, which causes root rot disease and severely affects productivity. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, putative transgenic plants were obtained with the Radish defensin (Rs-AFP2) gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation using the embryo axis explants. Transgenes were confirmed in 18 putative transgenic plants with PCR-specific primers for nptII and Rs-AFP2 genes. Twelve transgenic plants were established successfully under greenhouse conditions. The T0 plants were allowed for self-pollination to obtain T1 seeds. The T1 plants, selected for Fusarium wilt assay using Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cicero, showed different resistance levels, from moderate to high levels in comparison to control plants (wild-type) which exhibited severe wilt symptoms. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the application of Radish defensins (RsAFP1/RsAFP2 genes) for improving pathogen resistance in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- SumanKalyan Sadhu
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India
| | - Phanikanth Jogam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India
| | - Kranthikumar Gande
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India
| | - Vasudha Marapaka
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India
| | - Venkataiah Peddaboina
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India.
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Choudhury A, Rajam MV. Genetic transformation of legumes: an update. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1813-1830. [PMID: 34230986 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances in legume genetic transformation and provides an insight into the critical factors that play a major role in the process. It also sheds light on some of the potential areas which may ameliorate the transformation of legumes. Legumes are an important group of dicotyledonous plants, highly enriched in proteins and minerals. Majority of the legume plants are cultivated in the arid and semi-arid parts of the world, and hence said to be climate resilient. They have the capability of atmospheric nitrogen fixation and thus play a vital role in the ecological sphere. However, the worldwide production of legumes is somehow not up to the mark and the yields are greatly affected by various biotic and abiotic stress factors. Genetic engineering strategies have emerged as a core of plant biology and remarkably facilitate the crop improvement programmes. A significant progress has been made towards the optimization of efficient transformation system for legume plants over the years but this group is still underutilized in comparison to other crops. Among the variety of available DNA delivery systems, Agrobacterium-mediated and particle bombardment have been primarily deployed for optimization and trait improvement. However, recalcitrance and genotype-dependence are some of the major bottlenecks for successful transformation. In this context, the present review summarizes the advances taken place in the area of legume transformation and provides an insight into the present scenario. The challenges and future possibilities for yield improvement have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Choudhury
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Manchikatla V Rajam
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Srivastava R, Kumar S, Kobayashi Y, Kusunoki K, Tripathi P, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H, Sahoo L. Comparative genome-wide analysis of WRKY transcription factors in two Asian legume crops: Adzuki bean and Mung bean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16971. [PMID: 30451872 PMCID: PMC6243003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal participation of WRKY transcription factors in plant development, metabolism and in the governance of defense mechanism implicated their gaining importance for genomic and functional studies. The recent release of draft genome sequences of two legume crops, Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) and Mung bean (Vigna radiata) has paved the way for characterization of WRKY gene family in these crops. We found 84 WRKY genes in Adzuki bean (VaWRKY) and 85 WRKY genes in Mung bean (VrWRKY). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, VaWRKY genes were classified into three groups with 15 members in Group I, 56 members in Group II, and 13 members in Group III, which was comparable to VrWRKY distribution in Mung bean, 16, 56 and 13 members in Group I, II and III, respectively. The few tandem and segmental duplication events suggested that recent duplication plays no prominent role in the expansion VaWRKY and VrWRKY genes. The illustration of gene-structure and their encoded protein-domains further revealed the nature of WRKY proteins. Moreover, the identification of abiotic or biotic stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of some WRKY genes provides fundamental insights for their further implementation in stress-tolerance and genetic improvement of agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Yasufumi Kobayashi
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Biological Resources, Post-Harvest Division, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kusunoki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan
| | - Prateek Tripathi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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Sundaresha S, Rohini S, Appanna VK, Arthikala MK, Shanmugam NB, Shashibhushan NB, Kishore CMH, Pannerselvam R, Kirti PB, Udayakumar M. Co-overexpression of Brassica juncea NPR1 (BjNPR1) and Trigonella foenum-graecum defensin (Tfgd) in transgenic peanut provides comprehensive but varied protection against Aspergillus flavus and Cercospora arachidicola. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1189-203. [PMID: 26956134 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coexpression of two antifungal genes ( NPR1 and defensin ) in transgenic peanut results in the development of resistance to two major fungal pathogens, Aspergillus flavus and Cercospora arachidicola. Fungal diseases have been one of the principal causes of crop losses with no exception to peanut (Arachis hypogeae L.), a major oilseed crop in Asia and Africa. To address this problem, breeding for fungal disease resistance has been successful to some extent against specific pathogens. However, combating more than one fungal pathogen via breeding is a major limitation in peanut. In the present study, we demonstrated the potential use of co-overexpression of two genes, NPR1 and defensin isolated from Brassica juncea and Trigonella foenum-graecum respectively; that offered resistance towards Aspergillus flavus in peanut. The transgenic plants not only resisted the mycelial growth but also did not accumulate aflatoxin in the seeds. Resistance was also demonstrated against another pathogen, Cercospora arachidicola at varied levels; the transgenic plants showed both reduction in the number of spots and delay in the onset of disease. PCR, Southern and Western blot analysis confirmed stable integration and expression of the transgenes in the transgenic plants. The combinatorial use of the two pathogen resistance genes presents a novel approach to mitigate two important fungal pathogens of peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sundaresha
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP, India
| | - Sreevathsa Rohini
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Appanna
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, India
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - N B Shanmugam
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
| | - N B Shashibhushan
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
| | - C M Hari Kishore
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India
| | - R Pannerselvam
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, India
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Udayakumar
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India.
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Kumar D, Kirti PB. Pathogen-induced SGT1 of Arachis diogoi induces cell death and enhanced disease resistance in tobacco and peanut. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:73-84. [PMID: 25236372 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a transcript derived fragment (TDF) corresponding to SGT1 in a study of differential gene expression on the resistant wild peanut, Arachis diogoi, upon challenge from the late leaf spot pathogen, Phaeoisariopsis personata, and cloned its full-length cDNA followed by subsequent validation through q-PCR. Sodium nitroprusside, salicylic acid, ethephon and methyl jasmonate induced the expression of AdSGT1, while the treatment with abscisic acid did not elicit its up-regulation. AdSGT1 is localized to both nucleus and cytoplasm. Its overexpression induced hypersensitive-like cell death in tobacco under transient conditional expression using the estradiol system, and this conditional expression of AdSGT1 was also associated with the up-regulation of NtHSR203J, HMGR and HIN1, which have been shown to be associated with hypersensitive response in tobacco in earlier studies. Expression of the cDNA in a susceptible cultivated peanut variety enhanced its resistance against the late leaf spot pathogen, Phaeoisariopsis personata, while the heterologous expression in tobacco enhanced its resistance against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, Alternaria alternata var. nicotianae and Rhizoctonia solani. Constitutive expression in peanut was associated with the co-expression of resistance-related genes, CC-NB-LRR and some protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Ramineni R, Sadumpati V, Khareedu VR, Vudem DR. Transgenic pearl millet male fertility restorer line (ICMP451) and hybrid (ICMH451) expressing Brassica juncea Nonexpressor of pathogenesis related genes 1 (BjNPR1) exhibit resistance to downy mildew disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90839. [PMID: 24603762 PMCID: PMC3946217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica juncea Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (BjNPR1) has been introduced into pearl millet male fertility restorer line ICMP451 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation. Transgenic pearl millet plants were regenerated from the phosphinothricin-resistant calli obtained after co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring Ti plasmid pSB111-bar-BjNPR1. Molecular analyses confirmed the stable integration and expression of BjNPR1 in transgenic pearl millet lines. Transgenes BjNPR1 and bar were stably inherited and disclosed co-segregation in subsequent generations in a Mendelian fashion. Transgenic pearl millet hybrid ICMH451-BjNPR1 was developed by crossing male-sterile line 81A X homozygous transgenic line ICMP451-BjNPR1. T3 and T4 homozygous lines of ICMP451-BjNPR1 and hybrid ICMH451-BjNPR1 exhibited resistance to three strains of downy mildew pathogen, while the untransformed ICMP451 and the isogenic hybrid ICMH451 plants were found susceptible. Following infection with S. graminicola, differential expression of systemic acquired resistance pathway genes, UDP-glucose salicylic acid glucosyl transferase and pathogenesis related gene 1 was observed in transgenic ICMP451-BjNPR1 and untransformed plants indicating the activation of systemic acquired resistance pathway contributing to the transgene-mediated resistance against downy mildew. The transgenic pearl millet expressing BjNPR1 showed resistance to multiple strains of S. graminicola and, as such, seems promising for the development of durable downy mildew resistant hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Ramineni
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayakumar Sadumpati
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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