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The CRISPR/Cas9 Minipig-A Transgenic Minipig to Produce Specific Mutations in Designated Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123024. [PMID: 34208747 PMCID: PMC8234985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of large transgenic animals is impeded by complex cloning, long maturation and gastrulation times. An introduction of multiple gene alterations increases the complexity. We have cloned a transgenic Cas9 minipig to introduce multiple mutations by CRISPR in somatic cells. Transgenic Cas9 pigs were generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer and were backcrossed to Göttingen Minipigs for two generations. Cas9 expression was controlled by FlpO-mediated recombination and was visualized by translation from red to yellow fluorescent protein. In vitro analyses in primary fibroblasts, keratinocytes and lung epithelial cells confirmed the genetic alterations executed by the viral delivery of single guide RNAs (sgRNA) to the target cells. Moreover, multiple gene alterations could be introduced simultaneously in a cell by viral delivery of sgRNAs. Cells with loss of TP53, PTEN and gain-of-function mutation in KRASG12D showed increased proliferation, confirming a transformation of the primary cells. An in vivo activation of Cas9 expression could be induced by viral delivery to the skin. Overall, we have generated a minipig with conditional expression of Cas9, where multiple gene alterations can be introduced to somatic cells by viral delivery of sgRNA. The development of a transgenic Cas9 minipig facilitates the creation of complex pre-clinical models for cancer research.
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Yang HJ, Song BS, Sim BW, Jung Y, Chae U, Lee DG, Cha JJ, Baek SJ, Lim KS, Choi WS, Lee HY, Son HC, Park SH, Jeong KJ, Kang P, Baek SH, Koo BS, Kim HN, Jin YB, Park YH, Choo YK, Kim SU. Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Miniature Pig Pancreatic Cell Lines Expressing Oncogenic K-Ras G12D. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228820. [PMID: 33233448 PMCID: PMC7700231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, many studies on the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer have been conducted. However, pancreatic cancer remains incurable, with a high mortality rate. Although mouse models have been widely used for preclinical pancreatic cancer research, these models have many differences from humans. Therefore, large animals may be more useful for the investigation of pancreatic cancer. Pigs have recently emerged as a new model of pancreatic cancer due to their similarities to humans, but no pig pancreatic cancer cell lines have been established for use in drug screening or analysis of tumor biology. Here, we established and characterized an immortalized miniature pig pancreatic cell line derived from primary pancreatic cells and pancreatic cancer-like cells expressing K-rasG12D regulated by the human PTF1A promoter. Using this immortalized cell line, we analyzed the gene expression and phenotypes associated with cancer cell characteristics. Notably, we found that acinar-to-ductal transition was caused by K-rasG12D in the cell line constructed from acinar cells. This may constitute a good research model for the analysis of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jun Yang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Yena Jung
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Unbin Chae
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Jae-Jin Cha
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Seo-Jong Baek
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Won Seok Choi
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Hee-Chang Son
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Philyong Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Han-Na Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-K.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
| | - Young-Kug Choo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-K.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-K.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
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Kalla D, Kind A, Schnieke A. Genetically Engineered Pigs to Study Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E488. [PMID: 31940967 PMCID: PMC7013672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have seen groundbreaking advances in cancer research. Genetically engineered animal models, mainly in mice, have contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in cancer. However, mice are not ideal for translating basic research into studies closer to the clinic. There is a need for complementary information provided by non-rodent species. Pigs are well suited for translational biomedical research as they share many similarities with humans such as body and organ size, aspects of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology and can provide valuable means of developing and testing novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Porcine oncology is a new field, but it is clear that replication of key oncogenic mutation in pigs can usefully mimic several human cancers. This review briefly outlines the technology used to generate genetically modified pigs, provides an overview of existing cancer models, their applications and how the field may develop in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (D.K.); (A.K.)
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