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Niciura SCM, Sanches GM. Machine learning prediction of multiple anthelmintic resistance and gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep flocks. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2024; 33:e019023. [PMID: 38511818 PMCID: PMC10954252 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612024014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The high prevalence of Haemonchus contortus and its anthelmintic resistance have affected sheep production worldwide. Machine learning approaches are able to investigate the complex relationships among the factors involved in resistance. Classification trees were built to predict multidrug resistance from 36 management practices in 27 sheep flocks. Resistance to five anthelmintics was assessed using a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), and 20 flocks with FECRT < 80% for four or five anthelmintics were considered resistant. The data were randomly split into training (75%) and test (25%) sets, resampled 1,000 times, and the classification trees were generated for the training data. Of the 1,000 trees, 24 (2.4%) showed 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in predicting a flock as resistant or susceptible for the test data. Forage species was a split common to all 24 trees, and the most frequent trees (12/24) were split by forage species, grazing pasture area, and fecal examination. The farming system, Suffolk sheep breed, and anthelmintic choice criteria were practices highlighted in the other trees. These management practices can be used to predict the anthelmintic resistance status and guide measures for gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Martineli Sanches
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Berton MP, da Silva RP, Banchero G, Mourão GB, Ferraz JBS, Schenkel FS, Baldi F. Genomic integration to identify molecular biomarkers associated with indicator traits of gastrointestinal nematode resistance in sheep. J Anim Breed Genet 2022; 139:502-516. [PMID: 35535437 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to integrate GWAS and structural variants to propose possible molecular biomarkers related to gastrointestinal nematode resistance traits in Santa Inês sheep. The phenotypic records FAMACHA, haematocrit, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin, platelets and egg counts per gram of faeces were collected from 700 naturally infected animals, belonging to four Brazilian flocks. A total of 576 animals were genotyped using the Ovine SNP12k BeadChip and were imputed using a reference population with Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. The GWAS approaches were based on SNPs, haplotypes, CNVs and ROH. The overlapping between the significant genomic regions detected from all approaches was investigated, and the results were integrated using a network analysis. Genes related to the immune system were found, such as ABCB1, IL6, WNT5A and IRF5. Genomic regions containing candidate genes and metabolic pathways involved in immune responses, inflammatory processes and immune cells affecting parasite resistance traits were identified. The genomic regions, biological processes and candidate genes uncovered could lead to biomarkers for selecting more resilient sheep and improving herd welfare and productivity. The results obtained are the start point to identify molecular biomarkers related to indicator traits of gastrointestinal nematode resistance in Santa Inês sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Piatto Berton
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Pereira da Silva
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Georgget Banchero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuária (INIA), Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Influence of breed and parasite challenge on the immune response to naturally acquired intestinal nematode infection in sheep. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e27. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural infection by intestinal nematodes was assessed in Santa Ines and Ile de France sheep breeds, over a five-month grazing period, with emphasis on the development of the immune response in lambs under two anthelmintic treatment regimens. Nineteen Santa Ines and 19 Ile de France male lambs were allocated into two treatment groups: animals under suppressive treatment with anthelmintics; and animals under targeted selective treatment (TST). The nematodes Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Strongyloides papillosus showed the highest infection intensity in the TST animals in both breeds. Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G levels were significantly higher and more rapidly induced in Santa Ines lambs. Additionally, these lambs had higher levels of parasite-specific immunoglobulin A in intestinal mucus. Animals under TST had higher means of mast cells and globule leukocytes in the intestinal mucosa due to longer and greater parasite challenge in comparison with the suppressive group. A breed effect (P < 0.05) was recorded for mast cells, with Santa Ines lambs presenting the highest counts. Although Santa Ines lambs had lower intestinal nematode counts than Ile de France lambs, they had shown a large variation in T. colubriformis burden, with most of them presenting a marked worm burden, despite showing an earlier and more intense immune response to intestinal nematode infection.
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Moreira RT, Mota ALADA, Gonçalves VSP, Rocha GCD, Borges JRJ. Situation of and phenotypic markers of susceptibility to helminth infection among sheep on farms in the Brazilian cerrado biome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e021720. [PMID: 33759939 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120201092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the intensity, seasonality, and distribution by genera of, as well as to identify phenotypic markers of susceptibility to, gastrointestinal parasites among sheep on farms within the Brazilian savanna (cerrado) biome. We evaluated 1271 sheep, on seven farms, during the rainy season (in December 2017 and December 2018) and dry season (in July 2018 and July 2019). Parasitological evaluation was based on culture and EPG. We calculated hematocrit, as well as the body condition score and feces score. Of the sheep evaluated, 34.15% had moderate-to-severe parasitic infection. The factors of herds' phenotypic characterization about helminth infections were (p ≤ 0.05 for all): anemia (OR = 5.72); leanness (OR = 1.80); loose stools or diarrhea (OR = 1.54); breed other than Santa Inês (OR = 2.31); "weaned lamb" category (OR = 4.76); "lambing ewe" category (OR = 4.66); and dry season (OR = 2.37). Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, and Cooperia accounted for 76.40%, 20.23%, 2.89%, and 0.47%, respectively, of the helminth genera identified, with their proportional distributions being comparable between the rainy and dry seasons. Changes in health management, with regard to helminth infection control, are urgently needed in order to combat the disease more effectively and sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar Mota
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Planejamento em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Planejamento em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Gino Chaves da Rocha
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - José Renato Junqueira Borges
- Hospital de Grandes Animais, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Fernandes MAM, Gilaverte S, Bianchi MD, da Silva CJA, Molento MB, Reyes FGR, Monteiro ALG. Moxidectin residues in tissues of lambs submitted to three endoparasite control programs. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:406-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Berton MP, de Oliveira Silva RM, Peripolli E, Stafuzza NB, Martin JF, Álvarez MS, Gavinã BV, Toro MA, Banchero G, Oliveira PS, Eler JP, Baldi F, Ferraz JBS. Genomic regions and pathways associated with gastrointestinal parasites resistance in Santa Inês breed adapted to tropical climate. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:73. [PMID: 28878894 PMCID: PMC5584554 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to estimate variance components and to identify genomic regions and pathways associated with resistance to gastrointestinal parasites, particularly Haemonchus contortus, in a breed of sheep adapted to tropical climate. Phenotypes evaluations were performed to verify resistance to gastrointestinal parasites, and were divided into two categories: i) farm phenotypes, assessing body condition score (BCS), degree of anemia assessed by the famacha chart (FAM), fur score (FS) and feces consistency (FC); and ii) lab phenotypes, comprising blood analyses for hematocrit (HCT), white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelets (PLT) and transformed (log10) egg per gram of feces (EPGlog). A total of 576 animals were genotyped with the Ovine SNP12k BeadChip (Illumina, Inc.), that contains 12,785 bialleleic SNP markers. The variance components were estimated using a single trait model by single step genomic BLUP procedure. Results The overall linkage disequilibrium (LD) mean between pairs of markers measured by r2 was 0.23. The overall LD mean between markers considering windows up to 10 Mb was 0.07. The mean LD between adjacent SNPs across autosomes ranged from 0.02 to 0.10. Heritability estimates were low for EPGlog (0.11), moderate for RBC (0.18), PLT (0.17) HCT (0.20), HGB (0.16) and WBC (0.22), and high for FAM (0.35). A total of 22, 21, 23, 20, 26, 25 and 23 windows for EPGlog for FAM, WBC, RBC, PLT, HCT and HGB traits were identified, respectively. Among the associated windows, 10 were shown to be common to HCT and HGB traits on OAR1, OAR2, OAR3, OAR5, OAR8 and OAR15. Conclusion The traits indicating gastrointestinal parasites resistance presented an adequate genetic variability to respond to selection in Santa Inês breed, and it is expected a higher genetic gain for FAM trait when compared to the others. The level of LD estimated for markers separated by less than 1 Mb indicated that the Ovine SNP12k BeadChip might be a suitable tool for identifying genomic regions associated with traits related to gastrointestinal parasite resistance. Several candidate genes related to immune system development and activation, inflammatory response, regulation of lymphocytes and leukocytes proliferation were found. These genes may help in the selection of animals with higher resistance to parasites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0190-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Piatto Berton
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, Jaboticabal, SP CEP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - Rafael Medeiros de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, Jaboticabal, SP CEP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - Elisa Peripolli
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, Jaboticabal, SP CEP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, Jaboticabal, SP CEP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - Jesús Fernández Martin
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria INIA, Crta. de la Coruña, km 7,5 -, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Saura Álvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria INIA, Crta. de la Coruña, km 7,5 -, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villanueva Gavinã
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria INIA, Crta. de la Coruña, km 7,5 -, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Toro
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, School of Agricultural, Food and Byosystems Engineering, Universisdad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Ciudad Universitaria Avda. Complutense 3 - Avda. Puerta Hierro, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgget Banchero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuária (INIA), Ruta 50 Km. 12, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Priscila Silva Oliveira
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP CEP 13635-900 Brazil
| | - Joanir Pereira Eler
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP CEP 13635-900 Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, Jaboticabal, SP CEP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - José Bento Sterman Ferraz
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Nucleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Melhoramento Animal, Biotecnologia e Transgenia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP CEP 13635-900 Brazil
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Fernandes MAM, Gilaverte S, Buzatti A, Sprenger LK, Silva CJ, Peres MT, Molento MB, Monteiro AL. Método FAMACHA para detectar anemia clínica causada por Haemonchus contortus em cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas em lactação. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo: O controle das endoparasitoses gastrintestinais em pequenos ruminantes tem sido tradicionalmente realizado por meio do uso indiscriminado dos anti-helmínticos, porém essa prática tem resultado em grande pressão de seleção de parasitas resistentes. Métodos seletivos (ex: FAMACHA/FMC e contagem de ovos nas fezes/OPG) e que apresentem boa sensibilidade para identificar os animais que necessitam receber o tratamento químico são importantes alternativas aos métodos tradicionais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a sensibilidade e a especificidade do método FMC, usado para detectar anemia causada por Haemonchus contortus em ovinos da raça Suffolk, em duas categorias de alta suscetibilidade; cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas durante a fase de lactação. A conjuntiva ocular de 42 cordeiros lactentes e 35 ovelhas em lactação foi avaliada usando o método FMC, em intervalos de 14 dias, durante cinco meses. O hematócrito (Ht) foi utilizado como padrão-ouro para avaliação clínica de anemia dos animais. Para o cálculo de sensibilidade e especificidade, diferentes critérios foram utilizados: animais classificados como 4 e 5 ou 3, 4 e 5 e anêmicos pelo Ht (teste positivo); animais classificados como 1, 2 e 3 ou 1 e 2 e não anêmicos pelo Ht (teste negativo). Três valores de corte para Ht (≤22%, ≤19% ou ≤15%) foram utilizados para confirmar a anemia. Entre os gêneros observados nas coproculturas, H. contortus (61,5%) e Ostertagiasp (21,3%) foram os mais prevalentes. Em ambas as categorias, a inclusão do FMC 3 como teste positivo, elevou a sensibilidade mas reduziu a especificidade do método. Quando o FMC 3 foi considerado anêmico, o percentual de falsos negativos foi próximo a zero, no entanto, houve aumento no número de tratamentos aplicados em animais não anêmicos (falso positivo). Durante as avaliações, a maior parte dos cordeiros (73%) e das ovelhas (53%) permaneceu nas categorias de FMC 1 e 2. Apenas 5% dos cordeiros e 8% das ovelhas foram classificados com os dois maiores graus de anemia (FMC 4 e 5). Os resultados indicam que o FMC pode ser utilizado para identificar os cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas em fase de lactação com sinais clínicos de anemia decorrentes da infecção por H. contortus. Para ambas as categorias, foi necessário incluir o FMC 3 como positivo para aumentar a sensibilidade do método; reduzindo o risco de morte de animais anêmicos não diagnosticados (falsos negativos).
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Fernandes Júnior G, Lôbo R, Vieira L, Sousa M, Lôbo A, Facó O. Performance and parasite control of different genetic groups of lambs finished in irrigated pasture. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-7643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the following four genetic groups of hair sheep: Santa Inês (SI), Morada Nova (MN), Brazilian Somali (BS), and the F1 1/2Dorper x 1/2Morada Nova crossbreed on traits related to growth and parasitic infection. Thirty-three male lambs of the same age and of simple birth, under the same pre-weaning management conditions were used in the experiment. After weaning the animals were housed in a completely randomized design in paddocks made of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. Along the course of the research, the performance of the four groups of sheep was observed to be negatively affected by gastrointestinal parasites, but there was a genotype effect to the average daily weight gain (ADWG), where the SI and F1 genotypes presented higher values. The effects of genotype, time and genotype x time interaction were significant in weight and corporal score (CS) measurements. The BS lambs had the highest CS values throughout the experiment despite not presenting greater weight gain when compared to the SI and F1 breeds. There were also significant effects of time and genotype x time interaction for packed cell volume (PCV) and FAMACHA© score (FAM) and only the time effect was significant in the total number of eggs per gram (EPG) and total plasma protein (TPP). The MN lambs showed higher PCV values and unlike the other groups, presented a FAMACHA© score below 3 and PCV above 23% even having a higher EPG tendency, especially in the initial phase, indicating a possible higher resilience to infection caused by gastrointestinal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M.M. Sousa
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Brasil
| | | | - O. Facó
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Brasil
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SOARES FILHO CV, ROSA PRB, COSTA RLDD, SPADA JCP. Óleo de Neem (Azadirachta indica) nos parâmetros parasitológicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos de ovinos naturalmente infectados por nematoides gastrintestinais. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402015000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a administração do óleo de Neem na redução dos valores de ovos por gramas de fezes em ovinos naturalmente infectados por nematóides e protozoários gastrintestinais, verificar a dinâmica populacional dos endoparasitas através da coprocultura e avaliar os padrões hematológicos, bioquímicos, ganho de peso e escore corporal, em condições de manejo em pastagens. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos mestiços Santa Inês divididos em dois grupos (C - Controle e T - tratados com óleo de Neem), uniformes em peso vivo e de acordo com os resultados do volume globular e número de ovos por gramas de fezes, das análises realizadas previamente ao começo do experimento. Os animais T receberam 2,5 ml kg-1 de peso vivo do óleo de Neem por via oral com duas administrações em intervalos de 14 dias. No dia da aplicação e a cada sete dias após o tratamento foram feitos exames coprológicos. Pesagens, avaliação da condição corporal exames hematológicos e bioquímicos foram realizadas individualmente a cada quatorze dias. A utilização do óleo de Neem (Azadirachta indica), na quantidade administrada e nas condições deste experimento, não é eficaz no controle dos endoparasitas gastrintestinais, não provoca alterações nos padrões hematológicos e bioquímicos e nem compromete o ganho de peso e o escore corporal dos ovinos.
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David CMG, Costa RLDD, Parren GAE, Rua MAS, Nordi ECP, Okamoto F, Paz CCP. Sugarcane and mulberry silage supplementation of sheep during the peripartum period. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:765-72. [PMID: 25761641 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with silage made from sugarcane alone or mulberry and sugarcane on the gastrointestinal nematodes and hematological parameters in peripartum Santa Inês ewes. Three groups, each of 15 ewes, were supplemented with either 100 % sugarcane silage or sugarcane silage and mulberry at ratios of either 75:25 or 50:50. The variables analyzed were weight, body condition, packed cell volume, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, total leukocytes, eosinophils, and number of parasite eggs per gram of feces. All variables were measured individually every 14 days, making ten samples per ewe. Diets with sugarcane added to different proportions of mulberry branches did not influence the blood and parasitological parameters of Santa Inês sheep naturally infected in the peripartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marçal Gomes David
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Zootecnia Diversificada, Instituto de Zootecnia, Apta. Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13460-000, Brazil
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Molento M, Veríssimo C, Amarante A, van Wyk J, Chagas A, Araújo JD, Borges F. Alternativas para o controle de nematoides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-16572013000200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A criação de ovinos e caprinos depende de um manejo eficiente, devido, principalmente, ao prejuízo causado por parasitos em animais susceptíveis. Vários fatores colaboram para que os animais tolerem as infecções parasitárias, como: genética, nutrição, estado fisiológico e idade. O grave problema causado pela resistência anti-helmíntica promoveu a difusão de técnicas alternativas de controle parasitário. Dentre essas novas estratégias incluem-se a adoção do tratamento parcial seletivo com o método FAMACHA, fitoterapia, controle biológico com o uso de fungos nematófagos e estratégias que ainda necessitam de mais dados como a homeopatia, a diluição da resistência com a introdução de parasitos sensíveis e a combinação de produtos químicos sem efeito antiparasitário. O objetivo central destes métodos é reduzir o uso de antiparasitários, retardando o desenvolvimento da resistência, e promover melhor utilização de produtos ainda eficazes na propriedade e de novos produtos que venham a ser lançados. Este artigo abordará as técnicas descritas acima para o controle de nematoides de pequenos ruminantes e é direcionado aos técnicos interessados em ampliar seu conhecimento sobre os mecanismos de resistência dos parasitos aos anti-helmínticos e de alternativas ao uso desses produtos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - F.A. Borges
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
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Maize supplementation of Pelibuey sheep in a silvopastoral system: fodder selection, nutrient intake and resilience against gastrointestinal nematodes. Animal 2013; 6:145-53. [PMID: 22436162 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This trial evaluated the effect of maize supplementation on the ingestive behavior, nutrient intake and the resilience against gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection of hair sheep in a silvopastoral system containing tropical grasses and legume trees. In addition, it attempted to determine the metabolic cost of the natural GIN infection in supplemented and non-supplemented animals. Twenty-nine 3-month-old lambs (male and female), raised nematode free, were allocated to four groups: I-NS (infected, not supplemented, n = 8), I-S (infected, supplemented with maize at 1.5% live weight (LW), n = 7), T-NS (treated with moxidectin 0.2 mg/kg LW every 28 days, and not supplemented, n = 7) and T-S (treated with moxidectin and supplemented with maize at 1.5% LW, n = 7). During the 70-day trial, fodder intake, fodder selection, LW change (LWC), red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht) and eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were measured every 14 days. Supplement consumption was recorded daily. Metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (MP) consumption from the feeds were estimated. Maize supplementation helped to improve the resilience of hair sheep lambs against GIN infections. The I-S and T-NS groups showed similar LWC, RBC, Hb and Ht (P > 0.05) and both were higher than those in the I-NS group (P < 0.05). No difference was found in EPG between the I-NS and the I-S groups (P > 0.05). No effect of sex was observed in the different variables. Although all groups showed low dry matter intake (DMI) (< 2% LW), supplemented groups (T-S and I-S) showed higher total DMI (fodder + maize; P < 0.05), hence higher ME and MP intakes than the non-supplemented groups (T-NS and I-NS). All groups showed similar fodder selection patterns. The estimated metabolic cost of parasitism was ME = 0.70 MJ/day and MP = 9.2 g/day in the I-S animals. Meanwhile, the cost in the I-NS animals was ME = 1.46 MJ/day and MP = 12.71 g/day. Maize supplementation was an economically viable strategy to control GIN compared with no intervention.
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Multidrug and multispecies resistance in sheep flocks from São Paulo state, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2012; 187:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cardia D, Rocha-Oliveira R, Tsunemi M, Amarante A. Immune response and performance of growing Santa Ines lambs to artificial Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections. Vet Parasitol 2011; 182:248-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Resistance of Santa Ines and crossbred ewes to naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections. Vet Parasitol 2009; 165:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Oliveira ALF, Costa C, Rodella RA, Silva BF, Amarante AFT. Effect of plant trichomes on the vertical migration of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae on five tropical forages. Trop Anim Health Prod 2008; 41:775-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-008-9251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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