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Malik YS, Bhat S, Kumar ORV, Yadav AK, Sircar S, Ansari MI, Sarma DK, Rajkhowa TK, Ghosh S, Dhama K. Classical Swine Fever Virus Biology, Clinicopathology, Diagnosis, Vaccines and a Meta-Analysis of Prevalence: A Review from the Indian Perspective. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060500. [PMID: 32580503 PMCID: PMC7350356 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically significant, multi-systemic, highly contagious viral disease of swine world over. The disease is notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) due to its enormous consequences on porcine health and the pig industry. In India, the pig population is 9.06 million and contributes around 1.7% of the total livestock population. The pig industry is not well organized and is mostly concentrated in the eastern and northeastern states of the country (~40% of the country’s population). Since the first suspected CSF outbreak in India during 1944, a large number of outbreaks have been reported across the country, and CSF has acquired an endemic status. As of date, there is a scarcity of comprehensive information on CSF from India. Therefore, in this review, we undertook a systematic review to compile and evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the CSF virus situation in the porcine population from India, targeting particular virus genes sequence analysis, published reports on prevalence, pathology, and updates on indigenous diagnostics and vaccines. The CSF virus (CSFV) is genetically diverse, and at least three phylogenetic groups are circulating throughout the world. In India, though genotype 1.1 predominates, recently published reports point toward increasing evidence of co-circulation of sub-genotype 2.2 followed by 2.1. Sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis of Indian CSFV reveal high genetic divergence among circulating strains. In the meta-analysis random-effects model, the estimated overall CSF prevalence was 35.4%, encompassing data from both antigen and antibody tests, and region-wise sub-group analysis indicated variable incidence from 25% in the southern to nearly 40% in the central zone, eastern, and northeastern regions. A country-wide immunization approach, along with other control measures, has been implemented to reduce the disease incidence and eliminate the virus in time to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243001, India; (S.B.); (S.S.); (M.I.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.M.); (K.D.); Tel.: +91-58-1230-2777 (Y.S.M. & K.D.); Fax: +91-58-1230-1757 (Y.S.M. & K.D.)
| | - Sudipta Bhat
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243001, India; (S.B.); (S.S.); (M.I.A.)
| | - O. R. Vinodh Kumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India;
| | - Ajay Kumar Yadav
- Animal Health, ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig (ICAR-NRCP), Guwahati, Assam 781015, India;
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243001, India; (S.B.); (S.S.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Mohd Ikram Ansari
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243001, India; (S.B.); (S.S.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Dilip Kumar Sarma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, India;
| | - Tridib Kumar Rajkhowa
- College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796001, India;
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts PO Box 334, West Indies;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
- Correspondence: (Y.S.M.); (K.D.); Tel.: +91-58-1230-2777 (Y.S.M. & K.D.); Fax: +91-58-1230-1757 (Y.S.M. & K.D.)
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Fan J, Xiao H, Zhang J, Zhou B, Deng L, Zhang Y, Huang B. A magnetic nanoparticle-labeled immunoassay with europium and samarium for simultaneous quantification of serum pepsinogen I and II. Br J Biomed Sci 2017; 74:127-132. [PMID: 28521643 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2017.1297216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a novel immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of serum pepsinogen I (PG I) and pepsinogen II (PG II) by combining established methods of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) and magnetic nanoparticles separation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This new immunoassay method was characterised by immobilising primary antibodies on the surface of magnetic particles and labelled with stable fluorescent chelates of europium and samarium. RESULTS Using magnetic nanoparticles, the TRFIA immunoassay exhibited broad dynamic assay ranges for PG I with detection limit of 0.33 ng/mL, while for PG II with detection limit of 0.38 ng/mL. Cross-reactivity between PGs I and II were <15. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient variations of the method were <3%, and the recoveries were in the range of 97-103% for serum samples. Bland-Altman analysis of 124 serum samples showed good consistency with a commercial TRFIA kit. For PG I, the mean (95% confidence interval) difference was 0.97 (-14.3-12.3) ng/mL, whilst for PG II the difference was 0.6 (-4.4-3.2) ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the method is feasible and could be developed into a platform for the routine clinical determination of PG I and PG II levels in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fan
- a Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi , China
| | - H Xiao
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory , Wuxi Public Hospital , Wuxi , China
| | - J Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi , China
| | - B Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi , China
| | - L Deng
- a Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi , China
| | - Y Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi , China
| | - B Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi , China
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Dual-Labeled PCR-Based Immunofluorescent Assay for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Enterotoxic Staphylococcus aureus Using Cocktail-Sized Liposomal Nanovesicles as Signal Enhancer. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Intorasoot S, Tharinjaroen CS, Phunpae P, Butr-Indr B, Anukool U, Intachai K, Orrapin S, Apiratmateekul N, Arunothong S, Suthachai V, Saengsawang K, Khamnoi P, Pata S, Kasinrerk W, Tragoolpua K. Novel potential diagnostic test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using combined immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and PCR-CTPP. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:528-38. [PMID: 27111352 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To exploit immunomagnetic separation combined with PCR with confronting two-pair primers (IMS-PCR-CTPP) as a rapid method for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and identification of Mycobacterium bovis from sputum specimens. METHODS AND RESULTS Monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the mycobacterial antigen, 85B (Ag85B), was coupled with magnetic particles for specific immunomagnetic separation (IMS) of Mycobacterium spp. Immunofluorescence assay indicated the capability of mAb to bind to Ag85B in both the recombinant and the native form. The IMS combined with PCR-CTPP targeting the mycobacterial lep B gene was further implemented using 133 sputum samples with acid-fast bacilli grading from negative to 3+. The results showed the sensitivity and specificity of IMS-PCR-CTPP vs gold standard culture method were 89·9 and 88·6% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The IMS-PCR-CTPP method shortens the time for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis from months to a day. This method is also suitable for investigation of MTC and epidemiological study of Myco. bovis in sputum specimens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is the first report emphasizing the combination of IMS and PCR-CTPP for the detection of MTC and simultaneous identification of Myco. bovis from sputum. It could be used for TB diagnosis in resource-limited countries with high TB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Intorasoot
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C S Tharinjaroen
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P Phunpae
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - B Butr-Indr
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - U Anukool
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - K Intachai
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S Orrapin
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - N Apiratmateekul
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - S Arunothong
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 1, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - V Suthachai
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 1, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - K Saengsawang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
| | - P Khamnoi
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S Pata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - W Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - K Tragoolpua
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nie G, Wang T, Lu S, Liu W, Li Y, Lei J. Detection of Clonorchis sinensis circulating antigen in sera from Chinese patients by immunomagnetic bead ELISA based on IgY. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113208. [PMID: 25474577 PMCID: PMC4256281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis, is widely distributed in Southeast Asia including China. Clonorchiasis is included in control programs of neglected tropical diseases by World Health Organization (WHO) because it is one of the major health problems in most endemic areas. Diagnosis of clonorchiasis plays a key role in the control programs. However, so far, there is no satisfactory method for clonorchiasis because of low sensitivity, poor practicality and high false positivity of available diagnostic tools. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We developed an immunomagnetic bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on IgY (egg yolk immunoglobulin) against cysteine proteinase of C. sinensis for detection of circulating antigen in serum samples of patients infected with C. sinensis. The polyclonal IgY, coated with magnetic beads, was used as a capture antibody and a monoclonal IgG labeled with horseradish peroxidase as a detection antibody in the IgY-based immunomagnetic bead ELISA system (IgY-IMB-ELISA). The results showed that the sensitivity of IgY-IMB-ELISA was 93.3% (14 of 15) in cases of heavy infection (5000 to 9999 eggs per gram feces, i.e, EPG 5000-9999), 86.7% (13 of 15) in cases of moderate infection (EPG 1000-4999) and 75.0% (9 of 12) in cases of light infection (EPG <1000) of clonorchiasis. Together 36 of total 42 (85.7%) serum samples of human clonorchiasis gave a positive reaction. There was a significant correlation between ELISA optical density and egg counts (EPG) with a correlation coefficient of 0.83 in total 42 patients. There were no positive results in patients with trichinosis (n = 10) or cysticercosis (n = 10). Cross-reactivity was 6.7% (2 of 30) with schistosomiasis japonica and 10.0% (3 of 30) with paragonimiasis, respectively. No positive reaction was found in 20 healthy persons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IgY-IMB-ELISA appears to be a sensitive and specific assay for detection of circulating antigen in human clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Nie
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengjun Lu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonglong Li
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang X, Dou Y, Zhu S. Highly sensitive detection of superoxide dismutase based on an immunoassay with surface-enhanced fluorescence. Analyst 2013; 138:3246-52. [PMID: 23615635 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel highly sensitive enhanced-fluorescence immunoassay for detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is established by combining surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) with immuno-magnetic separation. Based on a sandwich-type immunoassay, analytes in samples are first captured by magnetic beads coated with a monoclonal antibody and then "sandwiched" by another monoclonal antibody on silver nanoparticles labeled with fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides in the presence of a magnet. Subsequently, the immune complex is enriched by exposure to a magnetic field. Lastly, the fluorescence intensity is measured according to the number of dissociated fluoresceins. The increased fluorescence intensity permits highly sensitive detection of SOD in a linear range of 10-8 × 10(5) pg mL(-1), with a detection limit of 4 pg mL(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Significantly, this method was validated for detection of SOD in human serum, human urine, and cosmetic samples. Moreover, the reliability and accuracy of results obtained by the enhanced-fluorescence method was confirmed by the analysis of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Ren ZQ, Liu TC, Hou JY, Chen MJ, Chen ZH, Lin GF, Wu YS. A rapid and sensitive method based on magnetic beads for the detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in human serum. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:591-7. [PMID: 24136927 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current clinically assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescence immunoassay, for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are inferior in terms of either sensitivity and accuracy or rapid and high-throughput analysis. A novel assay based on magnetic beads and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay was developed for the quantitative determination of HBsAg in human serum. HBsAg was captured using two types of anti-HBsAg monoclonal antibodies (B028, S015) immobilized on to magnetic beads and detected using europium-labeled anti-HBsAg polyclonal detection antibody. Finally, the assay yielded a high sensitivity (0.02 IU/mL) and a wide dynamic range (0.02-700 IU/mL) for HBsAg when performed under optimal conditions. Satisfactory accuracy, recovery and specificity were also demonstrated. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 4.7-8.7% and 3.8-7.5%, respectively. The performance of this assay was further assessed against a well-established commercial chemiluminescence immunoassay kit with 399 clinical serum samples. It was revealed that the test results for the two methods were in good correlation (Y = 1.182X - 0.017, R = 0.989). In the current study, we demonstrated that this novel time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay could be used: as a highly sensitive, automated and high-throughput immunoassay for the diagnosis of acute or chronic hepatitis B virus infection; for the screening of blood or organ donors; and for the surveillance of persons at risk of acquiring or transmitting hepatitis B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Ren
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Zhao GH, Li J, Blair D, Li XY, Elsheikha HM, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ. Biotechnological advances in the diagnosis, species differentiation and phylogenetic analysis of Schistosoma spp. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1381-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hou JY, Liu TC, Lin GF, Li ZX, Zou LP, Li M, Wu YS. Development of an immunomagnetic bead-based time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for rapid determination of levels of carcinoembryonic antigen in human serum. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 734:93-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lei JH, Su BT, Xu H, Shen JL, Guan XH, Feng ZQ, Li YL, Xu MX, Liu WQ. Evaluation of an IgY-based immunomagnetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for detection of circulating Schistosoma japonicum antigen in serum samples from patients in China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 85:1054-9. [PMID: 22144443 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel egg yolk antibody (IgY)-coated magnetic beads antigen-capture immunoassay for detection of a circulating antigen of Schistosoma japonicum in serum samples of patients in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China. This IgY-based immunomagnetic bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgY-IMB-ELISA) uses polyclonal IgY-coated magnetic beads as a capture antibody, and a monoclonal IgG as a detection antibody. The sensitivity of the magnetic immunoassay was 100% (40 of 40) in cases of acute infection and 91.5% (107 of 117) in chronic cases of schistosomiasis, and no positive reaction was found in 0 of 49 healthy persons. Cross-reactivity was 3.3% (1 of 33) with clonorchiasis and 0% (0 of 20) with paragonimiasis. There was a significant correlation between ELISA absorbance value and egg count (eggs per gram feces) and a correlation coefficient of 0.88 in a small sample of 14 patients. The results demonstrated that the IgY-IMB-ELISA is a sensitive and specific assay for detection of human schistosomiasis japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-hui Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Improved sero-monitoring assay for classical swine fever (CSF) using the recombinant E2 protein of a recent Korean isolate. Res Vet Sci 2011; 90:329-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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