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Anjali, Vk G, Sarma L, Tripathi M, Verma MR, Verma V, Pathak MC, Samad HA, Maurya VP, Chouhan VS, Singh G. Thyroid hormone dynamics of Tharparkar and Sahiwal cattle during induced heat stress. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:57. [PMID: 36715891 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones and Cortisol level are the essential biomarkers in the assessment of stress condition. This study was done to estimate the metabolic hormonal profile of Tharparkar and Sahiwal during heat stress condition. The experiment was conducted on two groups consisting of Tharparkar and Sahiwal animals (5 in each group) and the experimental period comprised a 7-day acclimatization period, a heat exposure period of 21 days at control (25 °C), moderate (35 °C) and severe (42 °C) heat stress within a 9-10-day recovery period between each exposure. The hormonal concentrations of T3, T4 and cortisol were determined in serum. The serum concentration of Thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) decreases whereas cortisol level increases in both the breeds when subjected to heat stress. However, the serum level of T4 was significantly (p < 0.05) more declined in Sahiwal as compared to Tharparkar but there was no significant difference found between the two breeds in serum T3 levels. The cortisol levels were elevated in both breeds during heat stress but significantly (p < 0.05) more elevated in the Sahiwal. Hence, observations of these hormonal profiles suggest a better thermo-adaptability in Tharparkar as compared to Sahiwal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Gururaj Vk
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Lipika Sarma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - M Tripathi
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Med Ram Verma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Vinay Verma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - M C Pathak
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - H A Samad
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India.
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Kamgang VW, Bennett NC, van der Goot AC, Majelantle TL, Ganswindt A. Patterns of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) in relation to reproductive status and season. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 325:114052. [PMID: 35568230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Populations of roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) in southern Africa have experienced a drastic decline over the past few decades and this situation has led to the development of intensive breeding programmes to support conservation efforts. However, little is known about related welfare aspects, including stress-related physiological biomarkers. The present study set out to establish a non-invasive method to monitor faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations as a measure of stress and determine fGCM concentrations in relation to male reproductive activity and female reproductive status in the roan antelope. An adrenocorticotrophic hormone challenge was performed using two adult roan antelope (one male and one female) at Lapalala Wilderness Nature Reserve, South Africa, to determine the suitability of five enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for monitoring adrenocortical function in roan antelope. An 11-oxoaetiocholanolone I EIA detecting 11,17 dioxoandrostanes performed best showing 17-20 folds increases in fGCM concentrations after 12 h-17 h post-injection. The identified EIA was then used to monitor fGCM concentrations during active and non-active reproductive periods in males (n = 3), and during periods of cyclicity, gestation, and postpartum in females (n = 10). Males showed an overall 80% increase in fGCM concentrations when reproductively active and females showed a progressively significant increase in fGCM levels throughout pregnancy, with overall fGCM concentrations being 1.5 to 2.6-fold higher than the respective fGCM concentrations during periods of postpartum and cyclicity, respectively. Furthermore, fGCM concentrations remained above baseline for up to 21 days post-partum. A correlation between ecological parameters (rainfall and temperature) and fGCM concentrations revealed elevated fGCM concentrations during the dry season for males, but not females. The non-invasive method validated in this study provides a valuable tool to quantify stress-related biomarkers in roan antelope, and findings can be used to support management decisions in conservation breeding facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa W Kamgang
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Annemieke C van der Goot
- Lapalala Wilderness Nature Reserve, Vaalwater 0530, South Africa; Melkrivier Wildlife Veterinary Services, Melkrivier, Vaalwater 0530, South Africa
| | - Tshepiso L Majelantle
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Andre Ganswindt
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
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Possible Consequences of Climate Change on Survival, Productivity and Reproductive Performance, and Welfare of Himalayan Yak (Bos grunniens). Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080449. [PMID: 36006364 PMCID: PMC9413344 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Climate change is a global issue, with a wide range of ecosystems being affected by changing climatic conditions including the Himalaya. Yak are exquisitely adapted to the high-altitude conditions of the Himalaya and are thus highly likely to be affected by climate change. This paper reviews the evidence of how the reported impacts of climate change on the environment and ecosystem of the Himalaya are affecting the survival, productivity and welfare of Himalayan Yak. This review identified that we do not know how big the impact of climate change is on yak as very few papers have measured that impact and, in many cases, potentially climate-change-related effects (such as changes in feed supply) are principally driven by human factors. Abstract Yak are adapted to the extreme cold, low oxygen, and high solar radiation of the Himalaya. Traditionally, they are kept at high altitude pastures during summer, moving lower in the winter. This system is highly susceptible to climate change, which has increased ambient temperatures, altered rainfall patterns and increased the occurrence of natural disasters. Changes in temperature and precipitation reduced the yield and productivity of alpine pastures, principally because the native plant species are being replaced by less useful shrubs and weeds. The impact of climate change on yak is likely to be mediated through heat stress, increased contact with other species, especially domestic cattle, and alterations in feed availability. Yak have a very low temperature humidity index (52 vs. 72 for cattle) and a narrow thermoneutral range (5–13 °C), so climate change has potentially exposed yak to heat stress in summer and winter. Heat stress is likely to affect both reproductive performance and milk production, but we lack the data to quantify such effects. Increased contact with other species, especially domestic cattle, is likely to increase disease risk. This is likely to be exacerbated by other climate-change-associated factors, such as increases in vector-borne disease, because of increases in vector ranges, and overcrowding associated with reduced pasture availability. However, lack of baseline yak disease data means it is difficult to quantify these changes in disease risk and the few papers claiming to have identified such increases do not provide robust evidence of increased diseases. The reduction in feed availability in traditional pastures may be thought to be the most obvious impact of climate change on yak; however, it is clear that such a reduction is not solely due to climate change, with socio-economic factors likely being more important. This review has highlighted the large potential negative impact of climate change on yak, and the lack of data quantifying that impact. More research on the impact of climate change in yak is needed. Attention also needs to be paid to developing mitigating strategies, which may include changes in the traditional system such as providing shelter and supplementary feed and, in marginal areas, increased use of yak–cattle hybrids.
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Santymire RM, Adkin A, Bernier D, Hill B. Validating the use of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analysis to assess the adrenocortical activity of the zoo-housed Sichuan takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana). Zoo Biol 2021; 40:479-484. [PMID: 33905549 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
With limited information known about the zoo-housed Sichuan takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana), there is a need to gain more knowledge about their basic physiology to be able to better assess their well-being. Our goal was to develop noninvasive methods to evaluate stress physiology in the Sichuan takins housed under human care. The objectives were: (1) validate the use of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) analysis to monitor adrenocortical activity and (2) determine the relationship between FGM concentrations and changes in various factors including environmental conditions, reproductive hormones, and social factors. Three (one male and two females) adult Sichuan takins were included in the study from Lincoln Park Zoo. A cortisol enzyme immunoassay was used to analyze FGM from samples that were collected 2-4 times per week. FGM was biochemically validated in the laboratory and biologically validated using pregnancy and parturition. Results showed that 1 day after birth one female had a more than a six-fold increase in FGM. A positive relationship (p < .05) was observed between FGM and temperature for two of the three takins. Finally, FGM values tended to increase during times when aggression (p = .09) and reproductive (p = .08) behaviors were observed. In conclusion, environmental, reproductive, and behavioral factors could affect adrenocortical activity in zoo-housed Sichuan takins; therefore, these methods can be used to assist in the management and conservation of this threatened species both in zoos and potentially in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Santymire
- Conservation and Science Department, Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angie Adkin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David Bernier
- Animal Care Department, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brandy Hill
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kumar V, Kumar P, Kumar S, Prakash BS. Seasonal alterations in plasma cortisol in peripartum Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) as assayed by a sensitive enzymeimmunoassay in subtropical climate. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1526497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Division of Dairy Cattle Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Division of Dairy Cattle Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - BS Prakash
- Division of Dairy Cattle Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Bharati J, Dangi S, Mishra S, Chouhan V, Verma V, Shankar O, Bharti M, Paul A, Mahato DK, Rajesh G, Singh G, Maurya V, Bag S, Kumar P, Sarkar M. Expression analysis of Toll like receptors and interleukins in Tharparkar cattle during acclimation to heat stress exposure. J Therm Biol 2017; 65:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Deighton M, Williams S, Lassey K, Hannah M, Boland T, Eckard R, Moate P. Temperature, but not submersion or orientation, influences the rate of sulphur hexafluoride release from permeation tubes used for estimation of ruminant methane emissions. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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