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Galina CS, Geffroy M. Dual-Purpose Cattle Raised in Tropical Conditions: What Are Their Shortcomings in Sound Productive and Reproductive Function? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2224. [PMID: 37444022 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-purpose husbandry might well be the most commonly employed cattle management system in tropical regions worldwide. The advantages of producing both meat and milk, although in reduced quantities, gives an edge to the farmer in coping with the volatile economic conditions that prevail in the region. Herein, we discuss the different methods of cattle management under tropical conditions based on the financial and social structure of this system. An account of the sanitary and nutritional conditions available to the farmers and how these factors affect the profitability of the enterprise will also be given. Finally, we will discuss how these systems can take advantage of several biotechnological procedures, and how these tools (such as controlled natural mating, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer) affect reproductive outcomes. The present review will mainly concentrate on production systems located less than 1000 m above sea level, as the problems and shortcomings of cattle raised above this arbitrary landmark are quite different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salvador Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Geffroy
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Contreras DA, Galina CS, Chenoweth P. Prospects for increasing the utilization of cattle embryo transfer by small-scale milk and meat producers in tropical regions. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1479-1485. [PMID: 34494313 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small community cattle farmers in the tropics are facing challenges to deliver quality products whilst under pressure to increase milk and beef yields per cow. These challenges could be partially met by crossbreeding Bos taurus with Bos indicus (F1) cattle utilizing embryo transfer (ET) technology. The Bos taurus infusion would increase milk production, whilst the Bos indicus influence can improve resistance to the harsh environment of the tropics. Here, individuals from existing herds can be used to produce F1 embryos which benefit from hybrid vigour. Resultant female offspring would in turn receive an F1 embryo on reaching breeding maturity. This approach would help to provide a cost-effective, systematic approach to improve productivity in dairy and beef cattle in the tropics. However, full usage of ET, including in vitro applications, in the tropics will require improvements in procedures, resources and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Contreras
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Rumiantes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos S Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Pérez-Mora A, Segura-Correa JC, Peralta-Torres JA. Factors associated with pregnancy rate in fixed-time embryo transfer in cattle under humid-tropical conditions of México. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200007. [PMID: 32714459 PMCID: PMC7375863 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effect of some factors on pregnancy rate of fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), in cows and heifers kept under Mexican tropical conditions. Recipients females (n=405) grazing in pastures were selected according to breed group (Zebu and crosses), parity (nulliparous and multiparous), body condition score (BCS) and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL). The females were synchronized on day 0 using a progesterone vaginal device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), two groups were established. Group 1 (conventional protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 7. At this time, also received an injection of 50 mg cloprostenol sodium and 1 mg estradiol cypionate. Animals also received 300 IU (heifers) or 360 IU (cows) of eCG. Group 2 (J-Synch protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 6. Cloprotenol and eCG injections were applied as in Group 1. Additionally, on day 9, animals of group 2 received 0.01 mg buserelin acetate. Embryo transfer of in vivo or in vitro was done on day 16 and pregnancy diagnosis was realized by ultrasonography on days 23 and 53 after FTET. Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Pregnancy rate varied between farms (P<0.05). The highest pregnancy rate was for multiparous cows (66%). The recipient utilization rate was better in the J-Synch protocol (85%), and in vivo embryos (75%) had higher pregnancy rate. The diameter of the follicle and the CL had no effect on pregnancy rate (P>0.05). However, the logistic regression determined that the only significant factor on pregnancy rate was the type of embryo. In conclusion, pregnancy rate in FTET females was higher for in vivo embryos than for in vitro embryos in cows evaluated under humid tropical conditions in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
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López-Damián EP, Jiménez-Medina JA, Alarcón MA, Lammoglia MA, Hernández A, Galina CS, Fiordelisio T. Cryopreservation induces higher oxidative stress levels in Bos indicus embryos compared with Bos taurus. Theriogenology 2019; 143:74-81. [PMID: 31838342 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Freezing and thawing of Bos indicus embryos affect their quality for embryo transfer. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of reactive oxygen species between Bos indicus and Bos taurus embryos produced in vivo, before and after conventional freezing, as well as to analyze damage caused by apoptosis and lipid peroxidation. Bos indicus has higher levels of reactive oxygen species than Bos taurus embryos, both fresh (14.32 ± 1.41 auf vs 8.07 ± 1.15 auf (arbitrary units of fluorescence), P < 0.05) and after freezing (20.91 ± 1.21 auf vs 14.39 ± 0.58 auf, P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic nuclei is also significantly higher in Bos indicus embryos than Bos taurus (8.28 ± 0.80 vs 1 ± 0.57, P < 0.05) but highlighting a notable increase after the freeze-thaw process in both subspecies (Bos indicus from 8.28 ± 0.80 to 10.71 ± 0.42, P < 0.05; Bos taurus from 1 ± 0.57 to 5.5 ± 1.15, P < 0.05). Finally, although lipid peroxidation is lower in Bos indicus embryos before freezing in comparison with Bos taurus (2.46 ± 0.14 vs 4.20 ± 0.51), the effect after the freeze-thaw process showed an increase of 4.34 in Bos indicus than Bos taurus embryos (51.45 ± 5.52 auf vs 11.85 ± 2.88 auf, P < 0.05). In conclusion, in comparison with Bos taurus, Bos indicus embryos undergo greater oxidative stress causing increases in the cryopreservation process, promoting major cell damage and lowering embryonic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Patricia López-Damián
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, CDMX, México
| | - José Alfredo Jiménez-Medina
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, CDMX, México
| | - Marco Antonio Alarcón
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, 92800, Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Lammoglia
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, 92800, Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Adalinda Hernández
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, CDMX, México
| | - Carlos S Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, CDMX, México
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, CDMX, México.
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López-Damián EP, Jiménez-Medina JA, Lammoglia MA, Pimentel JA, Agredano-Moreno LT, Wood C, Galina CS, Fiordelisio T. Lipid droplets in clusters negatively affect Bos indicus embryos during cryopreservation. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 47:435-443. [PMID: 29978506 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Embryo transfer using cryopreserved B. indicus embryos results in low pregnancy rates. The low viability of B. indicus embryos is likely a result of their low freezability relative to embryos from other species, notably B. taurus. Freezability is probably related to the quantity of lipid droplets in the embryonic cells. However, the mechanism underlying this association is unknown. Using multiphoton and transmission electron microscopy, the proportion, volume, morphology and composition of lipid droplets in fresh and cryopreserved B. indicus and B. taurus embryos were studied. B. indicus embryos have more droplets than B. taurus and a greater percentage of lipid droplets in clusters (34% vs. 24%; p < 0.05). Also, B. indicus individual droplets are of greater volume than those of B. taurus (47 μm3 vs. 34 μm3 ; p < 0.05). After freezing, the percentage of clusters decreased in B. indicus (11% vs. 5%; p < 0.05), while in B. taurus they increased (2% vs. 7%; p < 0.05). Freezing influenced the lipid droplet morphology, increasing the number of cracked droplets in B. indicus embryos (33% fresh vs. 62% frozen; p < 0.05), but not in B. taurus embryos (35% fresh vs. 34% frozen; ns). Regarding composition, saturated lipid droplets prevail in B. indicus embryos, contrary to B. taurus embryos. We observed differences in lipid droplet organization, proportion, volume, morphology and composition between B. indicus and B. taurus embryos which are altered in opposite directions following freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Patricia López-Damián
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, México
| | - José Alfredo Jiménez-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, México
| | - Miguel Angel Lammoglia
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan, México
| | - Jaime Arturo Pimentel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Lourdes Teresa Agredano-Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Edificio Tlahuizcalpan y Laboratorio de Nanobiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Chris Wood
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Carlos Salvador Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, México
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, México
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Sánchez Z, Lammoglia MA, Alarcón MA, Romero JJ, Galina CS. Is the Production of Embryos in Small-Scale Farming an Economically Feasible Enterprise? Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:574-9. [PMID: 25916499 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present assay attempts to evaluate the feasibility of using embryo transfer in small community farmers by in vivo study and by modelling the results obtained. From the total of 59 donor cows, 62.7% responded to treatment, with a significant difference (p = 0.002) in the percentage of the response between breeds, being 90.5% (19/21) in Holstein and 47.4% (18/38) in Brahman. A total of 283 embryos were graded as transferable, while 141 as non-transferable, without difference in the percentage of transferable embryo by breed (p = 0.18). The mean of transferable embryos graded as class I and II was not different between Holstein and Brahman (p = 0.96 and p = 0.92, respectively); besides, no differences were observed in the other grades (non-transferable). The highest difference in costs, regardless of its quality by breed, was seen in the lower levels of probable fertility of the embryo transferred, even reaching several hundred dollars. When modelling the expected costs for embryo produced and transferred, values can reach nearly $2000.00 when the probable fertility is only 10%. However, when the probable fertility was 60%, embryo cost was close to $300.00. This technology seems to be viable on average or high-scale systems, having a superovulatory response between 60 and 80% with 4-6 transferrable embryos. Yet, in small-scale farming, due to the reduced number of donors and/or recipients, the costs surpass the economical feasibility of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sánchez
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M A Lammoglia
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan, México
| | - M A Alarcón
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan, México
| | - J J Romero
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - C S Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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