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Sileshi G, Mitiku E, Mengistu U, Adugna T, Fekede F. Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on nutrient intake, digestibility, and body weight change in Hararghe highland and Afar sheep breeds of Ethiopia. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:185-194. [PMID: 34395587 PMCID: PMC8280987 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary energy and protein level growth performances of selected indigenous Ethiopian sheep breeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty intact ram lambs, 25 from each breed with 12 months of age and a mean initial body weight (IBW) of 19.31 ± 1.7 kg, were employed for this experiment. Animals were distributed randomly into five dietary treatments, i.e., minimum Energy and Protein (mEmP), medium energy and protein (MEMP), medium Energy and high Protein (MEHP), high energy and medium protein (HEMP), and high Energy and high Protein (HEHP) diets in randomized complete block design with 2 * 5 factorial arrangements. The minimum, medium, and high energy diets were 2.388, 2.866, and 3.344 Mcal/kg dry matter (DM) with the corresponding 10%, 16%, and 20% crude protein (CP) diets, respectively. The diets were formulated in a total mixed ration from wheat bran (WB), maize grain, peanut cake, and pasture hay feed ingredients. Diet offer was at the rate of 3% of lambs' live weight and revised biweekly as per the attained body weight changes. Digestibility trial was conducted for 7 days of actual fecal data collection, followed by 90 days of feeding trial. RESULTS The animals fed on the MEHP diet had a maximum DM and nutrient intakes (CP and organic matter) and the best final body weight (FBW), total gain, gain rate, average daily gains, and feed conversion efficiency (31.3, 12.9 kg, 41.2%, 143.3 gm, and 23.13, respectively), followed by HEMP, HEHP, MEMP, and mEmP diets. Digestibility of DM and nutrients linearly followed similar trends (p < 0.01). Hararghe sheep was heavier (p < 0.01) by 4.3 and 3.1 kg in its FBW and total gain and more efficient in nutrients utilization (22.57 vs. 18.18) as compared to Afar sheep (AS). CONCLUSION It is concluded that MEHP and MEMP are superior and optimum diets for sheep breeds, and Hararghe sheep is carried out better than AS in most growth performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadissa Sileshi
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Mitiku
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Urge Mengistu
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Tolera Adugna
- School of Animal and Range Science, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia
| | - Feyissa Fekede
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Liu W, Ding H, Erdene K, Chen R, Mu Q, Ao C. Effects of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel as a dietary additive on meat quality and composition of fatty acids related to flavor in lambs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sixty male Small-tailed Han sheep (initial body weight: 42.5 ± 4.1 kg) were assigned randomly and averagely into four groups to evaluate effects of flavonoids extracted from Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) on meat quality and composition of fatty acids related to flavor in longissimus dorsi muscle of lambs. Lambs of four groups were fed a basal control diet (C), and basal diet + three different amounts of flavonoids extracted from the AMR; those were 11 mg kg−1 (Flav 11), 22 mg kg−1 (Flav 22), or 33 mg kg−1 (Flav 33), respectively. Dressing percentage, loin eye area, cooking loss, and pressing loss were affected by treatments (P < 0.05). Percentage of intramuscular fat, the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid, C18:0, total saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acid, and 4-methyloctanoic acid in longissimus dorsi muscle were changed by treatments (P < 0.05). Addition of AMR to diet improved the meat quality and had favorable effects on fatty acid composition related to meat flavor in longissimus dorsi muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Ding
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Khas Erdene
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renwei Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qier Mu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changjin Ao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People’s Republic of China
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Nampoothiri VM, Mohini M, Malla BA, Mondal G, Pandita S. Growth performance, and enteric and manure greenhouse gas emissions from Murrah calves fed diets with different forage to concentrate ratios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:215-221. [PMID: 30140762 PMCID: PMC6104573 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of different dietary forage to concentrate ratios on animal performance, and enteric and manure greenhouse gas emissions in growing calves. Fifteen male Murrah calves (153.5 ± 18.17 kg; 6 to 12 months) were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments and fed corn fodder, wheat straw and concentrate in 3 different proportions: 20:60:20 (C20); 20:40:40 (C40) and 10:30:60 (C60), for a period of 120 days. Increasing dietary concentrate proportion had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on dry matter intake (DMI) but increased crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrient intake (P < 0.05). Average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for C60 compared with C20 and for C40, these did not differ with C20 and C60 (P > 0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP were higher (P < 0.05), but acid detergent fiber digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) for C60 compared with C20 whereas, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities were not affected (P > 0.05). Daily methane (CH4) emission (g/d), CH4 energy loss (MJ/d) and CH4 yield (CH4 g/kg organic matter intake [OMI], CH4 g/kg digestible OMI, and CH4 % of metabolizable energy intake) were significantly higher for C20 compared with C60 (P < 0.05). Methane yield as g/kg DMI although lower for C60 compared with C20 but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Manure CH4 (g/kg DMI) and nitrous oxide (N2O mg/kg nitrogen) emissions were not affected (P > 0.05), but N2O emission on mg/kg DM basis was significantly higher (P < 0.05) from the manure of calves fed C60 than that for C20. Thus, increasing dietary concentrate proportion improved animal performance, and reduced enteric CH4 emission (g/day) without any significant effect on manure N2O (mg/kg nitrogen) and CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinu M Nampoothiri
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Madhu Mohini
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Bilal A Malla
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Goutam Mondal
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Sujata Pandita
- Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
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Mekuriaw Y, Asmare B. Nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Washera lambs fed natural pasture hay supplemented with graded levels of Ficus thonningii(Chibha) leaves as replacement for concentrate mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40066-018-0182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Flakemore AR, Otto JR, Suybeng B, Balogun RO, Malau-Aduli BS, Nichols PD, Malau-Aduli AEO. Performance and carcass characteristics of Australian purebred and crossbred lambs supplemented with Rice Bran. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 57:36. [PMID: 26435844 PMCID: PMC4591621 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-015-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran, sire breed and gender on live animal performance and carcass characteristics in Australian crossbred and purebred Merino lambs. METHODS Forty-eight lambs balanced by sire breed (Dorset, White Suffolk, Merino) and gender (ewe, wether) were randomly allocated into three dietary supplementation groups (Control- 24 lambs fed wheat/barley-based pellets, Low- 12 animals fed a 50/50 ratio of wheat-based/rice bran pellets, and High- 12 lambs fed rice bran pellets). The Rice bran pellets replaced 19 % of the barley component of the feed. Animals were group-fed at the rate of 1000 g of the supplement per head per day with ad libitum access to lucerne hay as the basal diet and water. The duration of the feeding trial was 49 days with an initial 21-day adjustment period. RESULTS Sire breed differences were evident for initial (p < 0.0002) and final (p < 0.0016) liveweights, hot carcass (p < 0.0030) and cold carcass (p < 0.0031) weights, as well as dressing percentage (p < 0.0078), fat thickness (p < 0.0467), yield grade (p < 0.0470) and rib eye area (p < 0.0022) with purebred Merino under-performing compared to the crossbreds. Concentrate feed conversion efficiency, costs per unit of liveweight gain and over the hooks income were comparable between treatments regardless of the observed trend where the high supplementation group tended to show lower feed intake (745.8 g/day) compared to both the control (939.9 g/day) and low supplementation groups (909.6 g/day). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatments for live animal performance, carcass characteristics, gender and their second-order interactions. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that Rice bran can be utilised as a cost-effective supplementary feed source in genetically divergent sheep over a 49-day feeding period without detrimental effects on overall live animal performance or carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ross Flakemore
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54 Sandy Bay, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - John Roger Otto
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54 Sandy Bay, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Bénédicte Suybeng
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54 Sandy Bay, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia ; Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques de l'alimentation et de l'environnmente (AGROSUP), 26 Bd du Docteur Petitjean, BP 87 999, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | | | - Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Peter David Nichols
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Oceans and Atmosphere Flagships, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54 Sandy Bay, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia ; Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
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Rech CLDS, Rech JL, Fischer V, Wiegand MM, Moreira HLM, Osório MTM, Siewerdt F. Body development, carcass, and meat quality of confined lambs fed increasing levels of whole rice meal. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:191-5. [PMID: 24077920 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of whole rice meal (WRM) inclusion in the concentrate upon body development, carcass traits, and meat quality of lambs. Twenty-four castrated lambs with an average initial body weight of 17.90 ± 2.72 kg were randomly blocked according to two genetic groups (Corriedale and Texel by Corriedale crossbreds). Three isocaloric (11.3 MJ/kg of metabolizable energy) and isonitrogenous (17 % crude protein) diets were offered to the animals for 74 days. Diets consisted of 40 % forage and 60 % concentrate diet, on a dry matter basis, with 0, 15, or 30 % of WRM inclusion into the concentrate. Body growth (after slaughter), carcass, and meat traits were evaluated on each animal. Results obtained indicated that genotype did not affect body growth, carcass, and meat traits except for yellowness. No significant interaction between diet and genotype were detected. Inclusion of up to 30 % WRM did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect body growth, carcass, and meat traits, except for meat color. Meat luminosity progressively increased (36.32 + 0.055X) while redness (15.13 − 0.03X) decreased with the inclusion of WRM in the diet, but still remained within acceptable values. The study indicates that WRM may be included up to 30 % in the concentrate replacing corn without adverse effects upon body development, carcass traits, and meat quality of lambs.
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Effect of inclusion of tossign (Thymus serrulatus) in concentrate mix supplementation on performance and sensory quality of meat of Menz sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:177-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yeheyis L, Kijora C, Tegegne F, Peters KJ. Sweet blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seed as a substitute for concentrate mix supplement in the diets of yearling washera rams fed on natural pasture hay as basal diet in Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1255-61. [PMID: 22228539 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the mixed crop-livestock farming system of Ethiopia where crop residues are the major feed resources and concentrate supplement feeds are not common, home-grown legume protein sources can help to minimise the feed problem. A 69-day feeding experiment on sheep was conducted to evaluate the potential of sweet blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivar Sanabor seed as a substitute for commercial concentrate supplement. Thirty yearling male intact Washera sheep with initial body weight of 21 ± 1.38 kg (mean ± SD) were used. The design was a randomised complete block design with six replications. The five experimental supplement feeds were 453 g concentrate (T1), 342 g concentrate + 74 g lupin seed (T2), 228 g concentrate + 147 g lupin seed (T3), 116 g concentrate + 219 g lupin seed (T4) and 290 g lupin seed (T5) in dry matter basis to supplement around 100 g crude protein per day per animal. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in total dry matter, crude protein, ash and organic matter intakes among treatments. The average daily body weight gain for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 was 91, 79, 79, 87 and 74 g/day, respectively, and this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). It was concluded that blue lupin seed has a potential to substitute the commercial concentrate supplement feed in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likawent Yeheyis
- Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute, Debre Birhan Centre, PO Box 112, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
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