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Bor N, Seguino A, Sentamu DN, Chepyatich D, Akoko JM, Muinde P, Thomas LF. Prevalence of Antibiotic Residues in Pork in Kenya and the Potential of Using Gross Pathological Lesions as a Risk-Based Approach to Predict Residues in Meat. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030492. [PMID: 36978359 PMCID: PMC10044564 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human population is growing and urbanising. These factors are driving the demand for animal-sourced proteins. The rising demand is favouring livestock intensification, a process that frequently relies on antibiotics for growth promotion, treatment and prevention of diseases. Antibiotic use in livestock production requires strict adherence to the recommended withdrawal periods. In Kenya, the risk of residues in meat is particularly high due to lack of legislation requiring testing for antibiotic residues in meat destined for the local market. We examined pig carcasses for gross pathological lesions and collected pork samples for antibiotic residue testing. Our aim was to determine if a risk-based approach to residue surveillance may be adopted by looking for an association between lesions and presence of residues. In total, 387 pork samples were tested for antibiotic residues using the Premi®Test micro-inhibition kit. The prevalence of antibiotic residues was 41.26% (95% CI, 34.53–48.45%). A logistic regression model found no significant associations between gross pathological lesions and the presence of antibiotic residues. We recommend that the regulating authorities strongly consider routine testing of carcasses for antibiotic residues to protect meat consumers. Future studies should research on farming practices contributing to the high prevalence of residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bor
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Alessandro Seguino
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Derrick Noah Sentamu
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kangemi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya
| | - Dorcas Chepyatich
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kangemi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya
| | - James M. Akoko
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya
| | - Patrick Muinde
- World Animal Protection, Nairobi P.O. Box 66580-00800, Kenya
| | - Lian F. Thomas
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi P.O. Box 30709-00100, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
- Correspondence:
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Atta AH, Atta SA, Nasr SM, Mouneir SM. Current perspective on veterinary drug and chemical residues in food of animal origin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15282-15302. [PMID: 34981398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The marked increase in the demand for animal protein of high quality necessitates protecting animals from infectious diseases. This requires increasing the use of veterinary therapeutics. The overuse and misuse of veterinary products can cause a risk to human health either as short-term or long-term health problems. However, the biggest problem is the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria or parasites. This is in addition to economic losses due to the discarding of polluted milk or condemnation of affected carcasses. This paper discusses three key points: possible sources of drug and chemical residues, human health problems, and the possible method of control and prevention of veterinary drug residues in animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attia H Atta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A Atta
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Soad M Nasr
- Department of Parasitology & Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samar M Mouneir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Li X, Fang Z, He X, Zhang S, Ding H, Ye H. Optimization of 204 veterinary drug residues method and establishing their mass spectrum library. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1986524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Li
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute For Food Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhijuan Fang
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute For Food Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinye He
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute For Food Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongliu Ding
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, Suzhou, China
| | - Hu Ye
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute For Food Control, Suzhou, China
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Ducrot C, Hobeika A, Lienhardt C, Wieland B, Dehays C, Delabouglise A, Bordier M, Goutard F, Patel E, Figuié M, Peyre M, Moodley A, Roger F. Antimicrobial Resistance in Africa-How to Relieve the Burden on Family Farmers. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2515-2520. [PMID: 34545788 PMCID: PMC8462342 DOI: 10.3201/eid2710.210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although currently available data indicate that Africa has the lowest usage of antimicrobials in animals in the world (adjusted by animal biomass), data show a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens isolated from animals and animal products. Apart from the lack of solid data on antimicrobial use in many countries in Africa, different hypotheses could explain this situation. Qualitative interviews of farmers show a lack of knowledge and uninformed use of antimicrobials. Considering the development of animal farming to meet an increasing demand for proteins, this deficiency represents a serious public health issue. We advocate for policies that consider the specific challenges faced by family farmers in Africa, to simultaneously improve access to veterinary drugs while strengthening the regulation of their use. We propose a global approach targeting the agri-food system, offering innovative social and technical interventions on antimicrobial usage, adapted to family farmers.
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Bornbusch SL, Drea CM. Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Lemur Gut and Soil Microbiota Along a Gradient of Anthropogenic Disturbance. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.704070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overuse of man-made antibiotics has facilitated the global propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in animals, across natural and anthropogenically disturbed environments. Although antibiotic treatment is the most well-studied route by which resistance genes can develop and spread within host-associated microbiota, resistomes also can be acquired or enriched via more indirect routes, such as via transmission between hosts or via contact with antibiotic-contaminated matter within the environment. Relatively little is known about the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on reservoirs of resistance genes in wildlife and their environments. We therefore tested for (a) antibiotic resistance genes in primate hosts experiencing different severities and types of anthropogenic disturbance (i.e., non-wildlife animal presence, human presence, direct human contact, and antibiotic treatment), and (b) covariation between host-associated and environmental resistomes. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing of ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) gut resistomes and associated soil resistomes sampled from up to 10 sites: seven in the wilderness of Madagascar and three in captivity in Madagascar or the United States. We found that, compared to wild lemurs, captive lemurs harbored greater abundances of resistance genes, but not necessarily more diverse resistomes. Abundances of resistance genes were positively correlated with our assessments of anthropogenic disturbance, a pattern that was robust across all ten lemur populations. The composition of lemur resistomes was site-specific and the types of resistance genes reflected antibiotic usage in the country of origin, such as vancomycin use in Madagascar. We found support for multiple routes of ARG enrichment (e.g., via human contact, antibiotic treatment, and environmental acquisition) that differed across lemur populations, but could result in similar degrees of enrichment. Soil resistomes varied across natural habitats in Madagascar and, at sites with greater anthropogenic disturbance, lemurs and soil resistomes covaried. As one of the broadest, single-species investigations of wildlife resistomes to date, we show that the transmission and enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes varies across environments, thereby adding to the mounting evidence that the resistance crisis extends outside of traditional clinical settings.
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Bâtie C, Kassie D, Randravatsilavo DNRM, Baril L, Waret Szkuta A, Goutard FL. Perception of Drug Vendors and Pig and Poultry Farmers of Imerintsiatosika, in Madagascar, Toward Risks Related to Antibiotic Usage: A Q-Method Approach. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:490. [PMID: 32974396 PMCID: PMC7472779 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a One Health issue that must be tackled worldwide. In order to implement effective communication strategies in Madagascar, a better understanding must be gained of practices and perceptions related to antimicrobial use at the smallholder farm level. Our study used a semi-qualitative approach, called Q methodology, to identify patterns of opinion on antimicrobial use, or its alternatives, among pig and poultry smallholders and drug vendors in the commune of Imerintsiatosika, in Madagascar. Twenty-nine breeders and 23 drug vendors were asked to rank, respectively, 38 and 45 statements, produced from semi-structured interviews and secondary data, through a 7 grade scale from -3 (totally disagree) to +3 (totally agree) about antimicrobial use, related risks and alternatives. The interview ended with a discussion around extreme statements. The Q-sortings were analyzed by factor analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Regarding antimicrobial use, antimicrobial resistance and alternatives, the breeders and drug vendors were divided according to three discourses: "A: confidence in antibiotics" (respectively, 13 and 6 individuals), "B: belief in alternatives" (7 and 7 individuals), and "C: moderate approach to antibiotic use" (6 and 6 individuals), explaining, respectively, 57 and 60% of total variance. Group A was associated with the use of antibiotics as a preventive measure, poor knowledge of resistance and low trust in alternatives. Group B considered the preventive use of antibiotics to be a major problem for antimicrobial resistance and believed that alternatives, such as vaccines, were useful preventive methods. Group C seemed to have a hazy opinion. The presence of three main points of view offers the possibility to adapt awareness messages. Group B might also be used as a showcase to reduce the amounts of antibiotics used by the two other groups. This study revealed different practices and risk perceptions related to antimicrobial use that must be better characterized and accurately quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bâtie
- CIRAD BIOS, UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Daouda Kassie
- CIRAD BIOS, UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Laurence Baril
- Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Flavie Luce Goutard
- CIRAD BIOS, UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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AYDEMİR ME, ALTUN SKILIÇ, DURMAZ H. Şanlıurfa İlinde Satışa Sunulan Kıymalarda Premi®Test ile Antibiyotik İlaç Kalıntılarının Tespiti. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.31196/huvfd.667499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Rana MS, Lee SY, Kang HJ, Hur SJ. Reducing Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Products: A Review. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:687-703. [PMID: 31728441 PMCID: PMC6837901 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey we conducted suggests that the ingestion of veterinary drug residues in
edible animal parts constitutes a potential health hazard for its consumers,
including, specifically, the possibility of developing multidrug resistance,
carcinogenicity, and disruption of intestinal normal microflora. The survey
results indicated that antibiotics, parasitic drugs, anticoccidial, or
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are broadly used, and this use in
livestock is associated with the appearance of residues in various animal
products such as milk, meat, and eggs. We observed that different cooking
procedures, heating temperatures, storage times, fermentation, and pH have the
potential to decrease drug residues in animal products. Several studies have
reported the use of thermal treatments and sterilization to decrease the
quantity of antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, macrolides, and
sulfonamides, in animal products. Fermentation treatments also decreased levels
of penicillin and pesticides such as dimethoate, malathion,
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and lindane. pH, known to influence decreases
in cloxacillin and oxacillin levels, reportedly enhanced the dissolution of
antimicrobial drug residues. Pressure cooking also reduced aldrin, dieldrin, and
endosulfan in animal products. Therefore, this review provides updated
information on the control of drug residues in animal products, which is of
significance to veterinarians, livestock producers, and consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shohel Rana
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Jing Y, Liu H, Xu W, Yang Q. 4,4′‐Diaponeurosporene‐ProducingBacillus subtilisPromotes the Development of the Mucosal Immune System of the Piglet Gut. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1800-1807. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Jing
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Haofei Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
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10
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Thompson LA, Darwish WS. Environmental Chemical Contaminants in Food: Review of a Global Problem. J Toxicol 2019; 2019:2345283. [PMID: 30693025 PMCID: PMC6332928 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2345283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination by chemicals from the environment is a major global food safety issue, posing a serious threat to human health. These chemicals belong to many groups, including metals/metalloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), radioactive elements, electronic waste, plastics, and nanoparticles. Some of these occur naturally in the environment, whilst others are produced from anthropogenic sources. They may contaminate our food-crops, livestock, and seafood-and drinking water and exert adverse effects on our health. It is important to perform assessments of the associated potential risks. Monitoring contamination levels, enactment of control measures including remediation, and consideration of sociopolitical implications are vital to provide safer food globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesa A. Thompson
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Wageh S. Darwish
- Laboratory of Advanced Lipid Analysis, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Gay N, Leclaire A, Laval M, Miltgen G, Jégo M, Stéphane R, Jaubert J, Belmonte O, Cardinale E. Risk Factors of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Occurrence in Farms in Reunion, Madagascar and Mayotte Islands, 2016-2017. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5010022. [PMID: 29473906 PMCID: PMC5876575 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In South Western Indian ocean (IO), Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are a main public health issue. In livestock, ESBL-E burden was unknown. The aim of this study was estimating the prevalence of ESBL-E on commercial farms in Reunion, Mayotte and Madagascar and genes involved. Secondly, risk factors of ESBL-E occurrence in broiler, beef cattle and pig farms were explored. In 2016-2017, commercial farms were sampled using boot swabs and samples stored at 4 °C before microbiological analysis for phenotypical ESBL-E and gene characterization. A dichotomous questionnaire was performed. Prevalences observed in all production types and territories were high, except for beef cattle in Reunion, which differed significantly. The most common ESBL gene was blaCTX-M-1. Generalized linear models explaining ESBL-E occurrence varied between livestock production sectors and allowed identifying main protective (e.g., water quality control and detergent use for cleaning) and risk factors (e.g., recent antibiotic use, other farmers visiting the exploitation, pet presence). This study is the first to explore tools for antibiotic resistance management in IO farms. It provides interesting hypothesis to explore about antibiotic use in IO territories and ESBL-E transmission between pig, beef cattle and humans in Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noellie Gay
- Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Alexandre Leclaire
- Bacteriology laboratory, Félix Guyon Hospital, Saint-Denis, 97400 Reunion, France.
| | - Morgane Laval
- Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Guillaume Miltgen
- Bacteriology laboratory, Félix Guyon Hospital, Saint-Denis, 97400 Reunion, France.
- UMR PIMIT, CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, F-97418 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Maël Jégo
- Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Ramin Stéphane
- Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Julien Jaubert
- Bacteriology laboratory, Félix Guyon Hospital, Saint-Denis, 97400 Reunion, France.
| | - Olivier Belmonte
- Bacteriology laboratory, Félix Guyon Hospital, Saint-Denis, 97400 Reunion, France.
| | - Eric Cardinale
- Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
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12
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Assessment of antimicrobial drug administration and antimicrobial residues in food animals in Enugu State, Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:897-902. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Influence of pig farmer characteristics on improper use of veterinary drugs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1395-400. [PMID: 27324246 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Improper use of veterinary drugs by pig farmers may affect food safety and agro-ecological environment. This study analyzed the influence of pig farmer characteristics on the improper use of veterinary drugs in rural China. A multivariate ordered logistic model was applied to examine survey data from 654 pig farmers in Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that poorly educated, older, male farmers with over 10 years of pig production experience on small- and medium-scale farms were most likely to engage in improper veterinary drug use. Furthermore, male farmers with over 10 years of pig production experience on small-scale farms were more likely to exhibit medium-risk improper use of veterinary drugs, while farmers on medium-scale farms with the same characteristics were more likely to exhibit high-risk improper use. It is concluded that poorly educated male farmers, especially from small- and medium-scale farms, with over 10 years of pig production experience, should be the key target of government classification, regulation, and supervision.
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14
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Porphyre V, Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo H, Rakotoarimanana A, Rasamoelina O, Bernard C, Jambou R, Cardinale E. Spatio-temporal prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Madagascar based on meat inspection. Parasit Vectors 2015. [PMID: 26204952 PMCID: PMC4513394 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taenia solium cysticercosis is a parasitic meat-borne disease that is highly prevalent in pigs and humans in Africa, but the burden is vastly underestimated due to the lack of official control along the pork commodity chain, which hampers long-term control policies. Methods The apparent and corrected prevalences of T. solium cysticercosis were investigated in pork carcasses slaughtered and retailed in Antananarivo (Madagascar), thanks to a 12-month monitoring plan in two urban abattoirs. Results Overall apparent prevalence was estimated at 4.6 % [4.2 – 5.0 %]. The corrected overall prevalence defined as the estimated prevalence after accounting for the sensitivity of meat inspection was 21.03 % [19.18- 22.87 %]. Significant differences among geoclimatic regions were observed only for indigenous pigs, with an apparent prevalence estimated at 7.9 % [6.0 – 9.9 %] in the northern and western regions, 7.3 % [6.0 – 8.6 %] in the central region, and 6.2 % [4.7 – 7.8 %] in the southern region. In the central region, where both exotic and indigenous pigs were surveyed, indigenous pigs were 8.5 times [6.7 – 10.7] more likely to be infected than exotic improved pigs. Urban consumers were more likely to encounter cysticercosis in pork in the rainy season, which is a major at risk period, in particular in December. Differences between abattoirs were also identified. Conclusion Our results underline the need for improved surveillance and control programmes to limit T. solium cysticercosis in carcasses by introducing a risk-based meat inspection procedure that accounts for the origin and breed of the pigs, and the season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ony Rasamoelina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | - Claire Bernard
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France. .,CRVOI, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | | | - Eric Cardinale
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France. .,CRVOI, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
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