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Nájera-Rivera HD, Rodríguez-Cortez AD, Anaya-Santillán MG, Díaz-Aparicio E, Ramos-Rodríguez AV, Siliceo-Cantero IJ, Vázquez-Franco NC, Nieto-Patlán E, Peñas ADL, Valdés-Vázquez LM, Cobos-Marín L. Multiplex assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against small ruminant lentivirus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Brucella melitensis in goats. Vet World 2023; 16:704-710. [PMID: 37235146 PMCID: PMC10206977 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.704-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Brucellosis, paratuberculosis (PTb), and infections caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), formerly known as caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), adversely affect goat production systems. Nonetheless, commonly used diagnostic tests can only determine one analyte at a time, increasing disease surveillance costs, and limiting their routine use. This study aimed to design and validate a multiplex assay for antibody detection against these three diseases simultaneously. Materials and Methods Two recombinant proteins from the SRLV (p16 and gp38), the native hapten of Brucella melitensis, and the paratuberculosis-protoplasmic antigen 3 from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) were used to devise and assess a multiplex assay. Conditions for the Luminex® multiplex test were established and validated by sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and reproducibility parameters. Cut-off points for each antigen were also established. Results The 3-plex assay had high sensitivity (84%) and specificity (95%). The maximum coefficients of variation were 23.8% and 20.5% for negative and positive control samples, respectively. The p16 and gp38 SRLV antigens are 97% and 95%, similar to the CAEV sequence found in GenBank, respectively. Conclusion The multiplex test can be effectively used for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against SRLV, MAP and B. melitensis in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erik Nieto-Patlán
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary School, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Laura Cobos-Marín
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary School, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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Colombatti Olivieri MA, Fresia P, Graña M, Cuerda MX, Nagel A, Alvarado Pinedo F, Romano MI, Caimi K, Berná L, Santangelo MP. Genomic comparison of two strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with contrasting pathogenic phenotype. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102299. [PMID: 36587510 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we evaluated the degree of virulence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) strains isolated from cattle in Argentina in a murine model. This assay allowed us to differentiate between high-virulent MapARG1347 and low-virulent MapARG1543 strains. To corroborate whether the differences in virulence could be attributed to genetic differences between the strains, we performed Whole Genome Sequencing and compared the genomes and gene content between them and determined the differences related to the reference strain MapK10. We found 233 SNPs/INDELS in one or both strains relative to Map K10. The two strains share most of the variations, but we found 15 mutations present in only one of the strains. Considering NS-SNP/INDELS that produced a severe effect in the coding sequence, we focus the analysis on four predicted proteins, putatively related to virulence. Survival of MapARG1347 strain in bMDM was higher than MapARG1543 and was more resistant to acidic pH and H2O2 stresses than MapK10. The genomic differences between the two strains found in genes MAP1203 (a putative peptidoglycan hydrolase), MAP0403 (a putative serine protease) MAP1003c (a member of the PE-PPE family) and MAP4152 (a putative mycofactocin binding protein) could contribute to explain the contrasting phenotype previously observed in mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Colombatti Olivieri
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Dr. Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/Nº B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - P Fresia
- Unidad Mixta Pasteur+INIA, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - M Graña
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - M X Cuerda
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Dr. Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/Nº B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - A Nagel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Dr. Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/Nº B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - F Alvarado Pinedo
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinarias (CEDIVE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad de La Plata (UNLP), Chascomus, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M I Romano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Dr. Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/Nº B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - K Caimi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Dr. Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/Nº B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - L Berná
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - M P Santangelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Dr. Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/Nº B1686IGC, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Camilo SLO, Fritzen JTT, de Pádua Pereira U, Mota RA, Alfieri AA, Lisbôa JAN. Presence of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Brazilian high-producing dairy herds. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2241-2249. [PMID: 36251154 PMCID: PMC9679111 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the presence of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in high-producing dairy cows, the presence of the pathogen in the feces, and the risk factors associated with the disease. Blood and fecal samples were collected from 708 dairy cows over 2 years from 54 herds located in five municipalities of Paraná, Brazil. The serum samples were evaluated for the presence of antibodies against MAP using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fecal samples from 100 cows (69 seropositive and 31 seronegative) were assessed using real-time PCR (qPCR) for IS900 of MAP. The herd prevalence of antibodies against MAP was 61.1% (33/54; 95% CI 46.88-74.08), ranging from 12.5 to 80% across the municipalities, and the prevalence in the animals was 9.8% (69/708; 95% CI 7.77-12.15); it ranged from 0 to 87.5% per herd. Only one of the 69 (1.45%) fecal samples from the seropositive cows was positive for the qPCR. The factors associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis in herds were the use of compost barn system and the type of bed, whereas only the type of bed was associated with the infection of cows. The only risk factor (OR = 2.45; 95% CI 1.03-5.85) associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis was the introduction of animals purchased from other dairy farms. The prevalence of active infection was low; however, our results demonstrate the presence of MAP in high-producing dairy herds in Paraná state, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulisses de Pádua Pereira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisbôa
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Phylogenetic and Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat analysis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from Argentina. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1121-1129. [PMID: 35948855 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is a worldwide chronic enteric disease of ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). While MAP has been widely investigated all around the world, little is known about the different strains that circulate in each country. This study describes the genetic diversity of MAP isolates from different bovine and deer herds from Argentina, analyzed by Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA), as well as the phylogenetic relatedness between geographically distant isolates through Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and core-genome analysis. A total of 90 MAP isolates were analyzed. The results showed seven different MLVA genotypes, with almost 75% of them belonging to pattern INMV 1, described in all the herds studied. WGS results suggested the presence of a common INMV 1 strain circulating throughout the country. Our results allow confirming the coexistence of different strains in time and space and the mixed infections identified in some animals. These observations suggest the absence of animal monitoring prior to introduction to the herds and the need for a control program in the country. This study represents the first to report WGS of MAP strains in Argentina.
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Alonso MN, Garcia VS, Moyano RD, Romero MA, Gugliotta LM, Travería GE, Romano MI, Gonzalez VDG. New and rapid strategies for the diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis "in situ" using latex particles. J Immunol Methods 2021; 496:113085. [PMID: 34157319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemical coupling of a protoplasmatic antigen from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratubeculosis onto core-shell carboxylated particles was investigated with the aim of producing latex-protein complexes to be used in immunoagglutination assays capable of detecting bovine paratuberculosis disease. For this purpose, sensitizations were carried out using both colored and not colored carboxylated latexes as well as the protoplasmatic antigen at pH close to its isoelectric point to favor the antigenic protein to approach the particle surface. In all cases, higher fractions of proteins were chemically-bound to carboxyl groups on the surface of the particles. The assessment of the performance of the visual immunoagglutination assays consisted of evaluating 111 sera from healthy and infected bovines with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Complexes obtained from the colored latex allowed an acceptable visual discrimination between the studied positive and negative sera. Most of the positive samples showed strong to very strong agglutination and only a few samples reacted weakly, i.e. a sensitivity of 70%. The specificity of the assay, on the other hand, was 86%. Therefore, this rapid detection technique allows an easy and inexpensive identification of animals possibly infected with paratuberculosis "in situ" in the herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Alonso
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA - CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V S Garcia
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (CONICET - UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - R D Moyano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA - CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Romero
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinarias (FCV-UNLP), Argentina
| | - L M Gugliotta
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (CONICET - UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G E Travería
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinarias (FCV-UNLP), Argentina
| | - M I Romano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA - CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V D G Gonzalez
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (CONICET - UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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de Moraes Pereira H, Santos HP, de Oliveira EAA, Rocha TB, Araújo ÍMS, Soares DM, Junior FG, de Albuquerque PPF, Mota RA. High prevalence of subclinical paratuberculosis in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Maranhão, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1383-1390. [PMID: 32291741 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, and incurable disease that affects ruminants, causing enteritis and chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis, characterized by malabsorption syndrome, its agent is the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and characterize MAP in buffalo herds slaughtered in Baixada Maranhense region. Samples of intestines, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileocecal valves were collected from 115 buffaloes slaughtered at Baixada Maranhense slaughterhouses to perform the diagnosis by histopathological examination using staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Ziehl-Neelsen, bacterial isolation, and real-time PCR. In the histopathology by H&E staining, there was evidence suggestive of paratuberculosis in 30% (31/115) of the buffaloes. With Ziehl-Neelsen staining, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were visualized in 27% (26/115) of the tissue samples analyzed. MAP was isolated in 4.3% (5/115) of the fecal samples subjected to bacterial culture. The samples inoculated in HEYM with mycobactin J produced colonies identified with MAP according to their own morphological characteristics such as round, white, smooth and slightly rough, alcohol-acid staining, and slow growth with 8 weeks of incubation and mycobactin dependence. The agent confirmation was performed in five bacterial isolates (4.3%) and 15 (13%) fragments of jejunum, ileum, and mesenteric lymph node by the IS900 real-time PCR technique. The results of the present study demonstrate the subclinical occurrence of paratuberculosis in flocks of buffalo slaughtered in slaughterhouses of Baixada Maranhense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder de Moraes Pereira
- Clinics Department, State University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, P.O. BOX 09, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Thais Bastos Rocha
- Post-graduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Moraes Soares
- Post-graduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Felício Garino Junior
- Researcher the Program in Animal Sanitary Defense, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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