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Morales-Ubaldo AL, Rivero-Perez N, Valladares-Carranza B, Madariaga-Navarrete A, Higuera-Piedrahita RI, Delgadillo-Ruiz L, Bañuelos-Valenzuela R, Zaragoza-Bastida A. Phytochemical Compounds and Pharmacological Properties of Larrea tridentata. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175393. [PMID: 36080156 PMCID: PMC9458016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, traditional medicine from plants (phytotherapy) was the only treatment for infectious and non-infectious diseases. Although it is still practiced in several countries with excellent therapeutic results, it is frequently underestimated because, unlike Western medicine, it is not based on an empirical scientific foundation. However, interest in the search for plant-based therapeutic resources has been stimulated by disciplines such as phytochemistry and the side effects of conventional pharmacological therapies. For example, Larrea tridentata is a perennial shrub used in traditional medicine in northern Mexico and the southern United States to treat infertility, rheumatism, arthritis, colds, diarrhea, skin problems, pain, inflammation and excess body weight. Scientific research has revealed its beneficial effects—antioxidant, antitumor, neuroprotective, regenerative, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiprotozoal and insecticidal—although reports indicate that some compounds in Larrea tridentata may be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. Therefore, the aim of this review was to highlight the updates regarding phytochemical compounds and the pharmacological properties of Larrea tridentata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lizet Morales-Ubaldo
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valladares-Carranza
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca 50090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Madariaga-Navarrete
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán 54714, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lucía Delgadillo-Ruiz
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Kilómetro 31.5 Carretera Panamerica, Fresnillo 98500, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Rómulo Bañuelos-Valenzuela
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Kilómetro 31.5 Carretera Panamerica, Fresnillo 98500, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Turner T, Ruiz G, Gerstel J, Langland J. Characterization of the antibacterial activity from ethanolic extracts of the botanical, Larrea tridentata. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:177. [PMID: 34172064 PMCID: PMC8235861 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-lactam antibiotics are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics consisting of all antibiotic agents that contain a β-lactam ring in their molecular structures. β-lactam antibiotics are only known to be isolated from fungi (e.g. Acremonium chrysogenum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nidulans) and bacteria (e.g. Streptomyces clavuligerus). We have shown that botanical extracts prepared from Larrea tridentata have strong antimicrobial activity against several bacteria, including members of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera. Methods Through resistance studies, inhibitor assays, and ELISA testing, we demonstrated L. tridentata extracts may contain a β-lactam type antibiotic activity. Results Based on the estimated β-lactam concentration within the extract, the antimicrobial activity of the L. tridentata extract was approximately 2000–8000-fold greater against Staphylococcus as compared to other β-lactams, penicillin or ampicillin. In the L. tridentata extract, this increased activity was found to be associated with the likely presence of a cofactor leading to increased potentiation of the β-lactam activity. This potentiation activity was also observed to enhance the activity of exogenously added natural penicillin antibiotics. Conclusions Although constituents were not isolated in this study, the results obtained strongly support the presence of β-lactam type antibiotic activity and antibiotic potentiation activity present in ethanolic extracts prepared from L. tridentata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Turner
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Guillermo Ruiz
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Johanne Gerstel
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA
| | - Jeffrey Langland
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, The Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA. .,Arizona State University, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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Criollo goats limit their grass intake in the early morning suggesting a prophylactic self-medication behaviour in a heterogeneous vegetation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2473-2479. [PMID: 31197723 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared the feeding behaviour of goats in the early morning (EM = 7:00-8:30 a.m.) and late morning (LM = 9:30-11:00 a.m.) in response to their natural gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection status. Twelve female adult goats (37 ± 7.7 kg live weight (LW); 5 ± 1 years) with browsing experience in the tropical deciduous forest were divided into two groups (n = 6): INF group, with natural GIN infection, and non-infected (NI) group, dewormed with moxidectin (0.4 mg/kg LW subcutaneous). Feeding behaviour (dry matter intake (DMI)) of two resource types (grasses vs. shrubs + herbs) was estimated by direct observation for 4 weeks on two grazing moments (EM vs. LM). Environmental temperature and relative humidity at pasture level were measured twice weekly. The GIN egg counts and goats' LW were measured on days 0, 14 and 28. Temperature (mean ± standard deviation) at EM (26.2 ± 1.5 °C) was lower than at LM (38.7 ± 1 °C; P < 0.01). Humidity was higher on the EM (85.1 ± 2.6%) compared to LM (60.4 ± 5.6%; P < 0.01). Irrespective of the infection status, goats consumed similar amounts of grass and shrubs + herbs during EM (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the experimental groups consumed more grass than shrubs + herbs during LM (P < 0.05). The latter suggested prophylactic behaviours strategies to (a) avoid GIN infective larvae, (b) balance the protein:energy ratio of the diet and (c) avoid saturation of detoxification pathways for the secondary compounds consumed from shrubs + herbs. The constant consumption of shrubs + herbs during the study may have reduced the GIN egg count of the INF group.
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Hernández-Carlos B, Gamboa-Angulo M. Insecticidal and Nematicidal Contributions of Mexican Flora in the Search for Safer Biopesticides. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050897. [PMID: 30836688 PMCID: PMC6429201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant metabolites have been used for many years to control pests in animals and to protect crops. Here, we reviewed the available literature, looking for the species of Mexican flora for which extracts and metabolites have shown activity against pest insects and parasitic nematodes of agricultural importance, as well as against nematodes that parasitize domestic cattle. From 1996 to 2018, the search for novel and eco-friendly biopesticides has resulted in the identification of 114 species belonging to 36 botanical families of Mexican plants with reported biological effects on 20 insect species and seven nematode species. Most plant species with detected pesticide properties belong to the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae. Eighty-six metabolites have been identified as pesticidal active principles, and most have been terpenoids. Therefore, the continuation and intensification of this area of research is very important to contribute to the generation of new products that will provide alternatives to conventional pesticide agents. In addition, future studies will contribute to the recognition and dissemination of the importance of propagating plant species for their conservation and sustainable use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Carlos
- Instituto de Agroindustrias, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca 69000, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná, Mérida 97200, Mexico.
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