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Wajid A, Maqsood Q, Ben Said M, Sherzada S, Nooruzzaman M, Batool A, Yin R, Sabra M, Hanif A, Azam Kakar M, Hussain T, Ahmed N. Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of Newcastle disease virus in pigeons from Pakistan. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:134-145. [PMID: 38037737 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2291107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Virulent NDV genotypes were repeatedly isolated from pigeons.Evidence of epidemiological links among viruses isolated from various locations.Distinct phylogenetic branches suggest separate, simultaneous evolution of NDVs.Study information could be helpful in the development of an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, FLS&I, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Maqsood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Shahid Sherzada
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Andleeb Batool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mahmoud Sabra
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Atif Hanif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tanveer Hussain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, FLS&I, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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Ather S, Wajid A, Batool A, Noureen A, Ain Q, Ayub G, Molouki A, Sultan IN, Mahmood S, Hanif A, Ahmed N. Genomic and comparative clinico-pathological assessment of two Pakistani pigeon-derived newcastle disease virus sub-genotypes XXI.1.1 and XXI.1.2 isolated in 2017. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 94:101957. [PMID: 36808017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) is an antigenic-variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which is associated with infection in Columbidae family. In this study, we isolated two pigeon-derived strains pi/Pak/Lhr/SA_1/17 (designed as SA_1) and pi/Pak/Lhr/SA_2/17 (designed as SA_2) from diseased pigeons collected in Punjab province in 2017. We performed the whole genome, phylogenetic analysis and comparative clinico-pathological evaluation of two viruses in pigeons. Phylogenetic analysis based on fusion (F) gene and complete genome sequences showed that SA_1 belonged to sub-genotype XXI.1.1 and SA_2 clustered in sub-genotype XXI.1.2. SA_1 and SA_2 viruses contributed to morbidity and mortality in pigeons. Remarkably, although the two viruses resulted in comparatively similar pattern of pathogenesis and replication ability in various tissues of infected pigeons, SA_2 could cause more severe histopathological lesions and had comparatively high replication ability in pigeons than SA_1. Moreover, pigeons infected with SA_2 had higher shedding efficiency than that of pigeons infected with SA_1. Moreover, several aa substitutions in the major functional domains of the F and HN proteins might be contributed to the pathogenic differences between the two isolates in pigeons. Overall, these findings provide us with important insight into the epidemiology and evolution of PPMV-1 in Pakistan and laid the foundation for the further elucidation of the mechanism underlying the pathogenic difference of PPMV-1 in pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ather
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.
| | - Andleeb Batool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aasma Noureen
- Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Goher Ayub
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Imrana Niaz Sultan
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mahmood
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atif Hanif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazeer Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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Awais M, Wajid A, Goraichuk IV, Batool A, Rahim A, Anif A, Ahmed N, Yin R. Surveillance and Assessment of Risk Factors for Newcastle Disease Virus from Live Bird Retail Stalls in Lahore District of Pakistan. Avian Dis 2022; 66:1-8. [PMID: 36017908 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Live bird markets (LBMs) in Asian countries are considered hubs for the spread of several poultry viruses. In Pakistan, there is a lack of uniformity in practices used in LBMs, which leads to the spread of poultry diseases. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June-October 2017 to determine the circulation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens being sold in live bird retail stalls (LBRSs) and to identify potential risk factors associated with estimated prevalence. A total of 189 stalls (n = 1134 birds) distributed in eight administrative towns of Lahore were visited. A pool of six oropharyngeal swabs was collected from each stall and tested by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for the presence of NDV. Forty-two out of 189 swabs were found positive with an overall prevalence of 22.22% (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 16.88%-28.67%). Data for 11 potential risk factors acquired through questionnaires were analyzed by survey-weighted logistic regression and prevalence odds ratios (ORs) for associated risk factors were calculated. A final multivariable model identified three risk factors for NDV prevalence in LBRSs, including trading other poultry breeds alongside broilers (OR = 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-6.1), purchasing birds from mixed sources (OR = 3.12; 95% CI = 1.4-11.9), and number of birds sold per day (OR = 6.32; 95% CI = 1.9-23.5). Additionally, 24 selected samples were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis of the complete fusion gene (1662 bp) revealed that all isolates belonged to Subgenotype VII.2. This study provides important information on the epidemiology of NDV in Pakistan and highlights the importance of implementing surveillance and biosecurity practices in LBRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan, , .,Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Iryna V Goraichuk
- National Scientific Center, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Andleeb Batool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Rahim
- Department of Microbiology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Atif Anif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazeer Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Xi'an, Jilin, China
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Stress-induced immunosuppression affecting avian influenza virus vaccine immune response through miR-20a-5p/NR4A3 pathway in chicken. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109546. [PMID: 35994844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced immunosuppression is one of the most common hazards in poultry intensive production, which often leads to vaccination failure and severe economic losses. At present, there is no report about the function and mechanism of circulating miRNA on stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response. In this study, the changes of circulating miR-20a-5p under stress-induced immunosuppressive condition were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the key time points, tissues and mechanisms for functional regulation of miR-20a-5p in the process of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine immune response were identified. The results showed that stress-induced immunosuppression down-regulated miR-20a-5p and further affected AIV vaccine immune response, in which 5 day post immunization (dpi) was a key time point, and the heart, lung, and proventriculus were the important tissues. The game relationship analysis between miR-20a-5p and its target nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3) gene showed that "miR-20a-5p/NR4A3" pathway was the potential key mechanism of this process, especially for heart and lung. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response.
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Wajid A, Mayahi V, Yin R, Ain Q, Mohiuddin A, Khalid F, Rehim A, Manan A, Baksh M. Genomic and biological characteristics of Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 strains isolated from multiple wild birds and backyard chickens in Pakistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:90. [PMID: 33415381 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Circulation of the dominant sub-genotype VII.2 of Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 (AOAV-1) is affecting multiple poultry and non-poultry avian species and causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In countries where ND is endemic, continuous monitoring and characterization of field strains are necessary. In this study, genetic characteristics of eleven AOAV-1 strains were analyzed isolated from wild birds including parakeets (n = 3), lovebird parrot (n = 1), pheasant (n = 1), peacock (n = 1), and backyard chickens (n = 5) during 2015-2016. Genetic characterization (genome size [15,192 nucleotides], the presence of typical cleavage site [112-RRQKRF-117]) and biological assessment (HA log 27 to 29 and intracerebral pathogenicity index [ICPI] value ranging from 1.50 to 1.86) showed virulent AOAV-1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the studied isolates belonged to sub-genotype VII.2 and genetically very closely related (> 98.9%) to viruses repeatedly isolated (2011-2018) from commercial poultry. These findings provide evidence for the existence of epidemiological links between poultry and wild bird species in the region where the disease is prevalent. The deduced amino acid analysis revealed several substitutions in critical domains of fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes. The pathogenesis and transmission potential of wild bird-origin AOAV-1 strain (AW-Pht/2015) was evaluated in 21-day-old chickens that showed the strain was highly virulent causing clinical signs and killed all chickens. High viral loads were detected in different organs of the infected chickens correlating with the severity of lesions developed. The continuous monitoring of AOAV-1 isolates in different species of birds will improve our knowledge of the evolution of these viruses, thereby preventing possible panzootic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Vafa Mayahi
- Central Laboratory Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Road 5333, Changchun, Xi'an, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Mohiuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farah Khalid
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Rehim
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Manan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muqadas Baksh
- Departmeny of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
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Santos HM, Tsai CY, Catulin GEM, Trangia KCG, Tayo LL, Liu HJ, Chuang KP. Common bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in pigeons (Columba livia): A review of diagnostic and treatment strategies. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108779. [PMID: 32768225 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pigeons (Columba livia) have been associated with humans for a long time now. They are raised for sport (pigeon race), exhibition (display of fancy breeds), food, and research. Most of the pigeons kept are Racing Homers, trained to compete in the pigeon race. Other breeds, such as Rollers, Nose Divers, Doneks are bred for their aerial abilities. Incorporation of a good preventive medicine program is one of the most critical factors in averting infectious diseases in pigeon flocks. This review summarizes the common bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections in pigeons. The different clinical signs, symptoms, diagnostic strategies, prevention, and treatments were described in this review. Current researches, molecular diagnostic assays, and treatment strategies such as vaccines and drug candidates were included. The information found in this review can provide insights for veterinarians and researchers studying pigeons to develop effective and efficient immunoprophylactic and diagnostic tools for pigeon diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey M Santos
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Gail Everette M Catulin
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Kim Chloe G Trangia
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan; Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Pin Chuang
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
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