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Geldsetzer-Mendoza C, Riveros JL. Morphophysiological Responses of the Goat Mammary Gland to Water Scarcity in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments: Are They Enough to Generate Adaptation to New Climatic Challenges? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3825. [PMID: 38136862 PMCID: PMC10740433 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change, diverse territories of the planet will suffer from water restrictions. Goats are perceived as the most resilient ruminants in this scenario. So, various studies have focused on describing how a lower water intake influences milk production, especially in breeds adapted to desert environments. In water-stress situations, goats lose up to 32% of their body weight (BW), the rate of passage is reduced, and the digestibility of the feed increases. When goats consume water again, the rumen prevents hemolysis and osmotic shock from occurring. Regarding milk production, the response varies depending on the breed and the level of water restriction, maintaining the milk volume or reducing it by up to 41%. Systemically, it decreases the urinary volume and glomerular filtration rate, increasing blood osmolality and the vasopressin (ADH) concentration. Studies are scarce regarding changes in blood flow to the mammary gland, but there would be a reduction in blood flow velocity of up to 40% without changing blood pressure. New studies must be undertaken to determine which breeds or crosses are the best adapted to changing environmental conditions and to improve our understanding of the changes that occur at the morphophysiological level of the caprine mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luis Riveros
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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Serrano JO, Villares-Garachana A, Correa-Herrera N, González-Morales A, Pérez-Bonachea L, Hernández L, Lorente G, Hajari E, Fonseca-Fuentes N, Martínez-Melo J, Lorenzo JC. Impacts of short-term water restriction on Pelibuey sheep: physiological and blood parameters. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:39. [PMID: 35006405 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the projected effects of climate change is a reduction in rainfall in certain regions of the world. Hence, the agricultural and livestock sectors will have to cope with increasing incidences of water shortage while still maintaining productivity levels to feed an ever increasing global population. This short communication reports on the effect of a 2-week water stress on Pelibuey sheep in Cuba. Three treatments were compared, viz. supply of water ad libitum, water supplied once every 3 or 6 days. Following exposure to the water stress, the results showed no changes in sheep body weight or rectal temperature. However, respiration frequency was affected with water stress causing a reduction from 23.3 to 13.3 respirations per min in control and water-deprived animals, respectively. Furthermore, there was evidence for hemoconcentration in response to water stress (levels of hemoglobin increased from 9.2 to 13.1 g L-1 and hematocrits from 27.6 to 39.3% in the control group and animals restricted to water once every 6 days. The imposed water stress was also evident in the reduction of lymphocytes (from ±63 to 43%), and in increase of neutrophils (from approximately 38 to 54%) and leukocytes (from 3133 to 4933 per mm3). The results indicated a decline in the levels of antioxidants, i.e., SOD from approximately 13 to 10 U mg-1 protein and CAT activity from 23 to 9 U mg-1 protein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the response of Pelibuey sheep to short-term water shortage stress under Cuban environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Orlay Serrano
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ciego de Ávila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Lisbet Pérez-Bonachea
- Laboratory for Breeding and Conservation of Genetic Resources, Bioplant Center, University of Ciego de Avila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Lázaro Hernández
- Laboratory for Breeding and Conservation of Genetic Resources, Bioplant Center, University of Ciego de Avila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Gustavo Lorente
- Laboratory for Breeding and Conservation of Genetic Resources, Bioplant Center, University of Ciego de Avila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Elliosha Hajari
- Plant Improvement, Agricultural Research Council-Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private Bag X11208, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa
| | - Norge Fonseca-Fuentes
- Centro de Estudio de Producción Animal (CEPA), Universidad de Granma (UDG), carretera de Manzanillo km 17 ½ CP, 85100, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba
| | - Jorge Martínez-Melo
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ciego de Ávila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - José Carlos Lorenzo
- Laboratory for Breeding and Conservation of Genetic Resources, Bioplant Center, University of Ciego de Avila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba.
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Farsi H, Harti D, Achaâban MR, Piro M, Raverot V, Bothorel B, Ouassat M, Challet E, Pévet P, El Allali K. Melatonin rhythm and other outputs of the master circadian clock in the desert goat (Capra hircus) are entrained by daily cycles of ambient temperature. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12634. [PMID: 32011000 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In desert areas, mammals such as camel and goat are exposed to harsh environmental conditions. The ambient temperature (Ta) cycles have been shown to entrain the circadian clock in the camel. In the present work, we assumed that, in the goat living in a desert biotope, Ta cycles would have the same synchronizing effect on the central clock. Therefore, the effects of Ta cycles on body temperature (Tb), locomotor activity (LA) and melatonin (Mel) rhythms as outputs of the master circadian clock have been studied. The study was performed on bucks kept first under constant conditions of total darkness (DD) and constant Ta, then maintained under DD conditions but exposed to Ta cycles with heat period during subjective day and cold period during subjective night. Finally, the Ta cycles were reversed with highest temperatures during the subjective night and the lowest temperatures during the subjective day. Under constant conditions, the circadian rhythms of Tb and LA were free running with an endogenous period of 25.3 and 25.0 hours, respectively. Ta cycles entrained the rhythms of Tb and LA to a period of exactly 24.0 hours; while when reversed, the Ta cycles led to an inversion of Tb and LA rhythms. Similarly, Ta cycles were also able to entrain Mel rhythm, by adjusting its secretion to the cooling phase before and after Ta cycles inversion. All together, these results show that the Ta cycles entrain the master circadian clock in the goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Farsi
- Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Driss Harti
- Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed R Achaâban
- Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Piro
- Medicine and Surgical Unit of domestic animals, Department of Medicine, Surgery and reproduction, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Véronique Raverot
- Laboratory of Hormonology, East Center for Biology and Pathology, East Hospital Group, Civil Hospices of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Bothorel
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohammed Ouassat
- Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Pévet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Khalid El Allali
- Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
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