Serum biochemical profile in buffalo endometritis and impact of treatment with PGF2α and intrauterine gentamicin infusion on postpartum reproductive performance

The Transcript Levels and the Serum Profile of Biomarkers Associated with Clinical Endometritis Susceptibility in Buffalo Cows

Determining the gene expression and serum profile of the indicators linked to clinical endometritis susceptibility in Egyptian buffalo cows was the aim of this investigation. The buffalo cows that were enrolled were divided into two groups: forty infected buffalo cows with clinical endometritis and forty seemingly healthy buffalo cows that served as the control group. For the purposes of gene expression and biochemical analysis, ten milliliters of blood was obtained via jugular venipuncture from each buffalo cow. TLR4, IL-8, IL-17, NFKB, SLCA11A1, NCF4, Keap1, HMOX1, OXSR1, ST1P1, and SERP1 were manifestly expressed at much higher levels in the buffaloes with endometritis. On the other hand, the genes that encode SOD, CAT, NDUFS6, Nrf2, and PRDX2 were down-regulated. There was a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of the serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), beta hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), triglycerides (TGs), globulin, creatinine, and cortisol, along with a reduction in the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, total protein albumin, urea, estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroxine (T4), prostaglandin F2 α (PGF2α), calcium, iron, and selenium, in the endometritis group in comparison with the control. However, no significant change was observed in the values of phosphorus, magnesium, copper, or zinc in either group. Within the selective breeding of naturally resistant animals, the variation in the genes under study and the changes in the serum profiles of the indicators under investigation may serve as a reference guide for reducing endometritis in Egyptian buffalo cows.

Expression of genes for transport of water and angiogenesis, as well as biochemical biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows during the ovsynch program

Changes in expression of genes associated with angiogenesis and transport of water by cells, as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined at specific times during the ovsynch protocol to synchronize estrus and breed Holstein dairy cows. Blood samples were taken from 82 lactating Holstein cows at the time of the 1st GnRH injection (G1), 7 days later at the time of the PGF2a (PG) injection, and 48 h after the PGF2a treatment when the second injection of GnRH was administered (G2). The serum was analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS3), aquaporin 3 (AQP3), and AQP4 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed. The number of copies of each of the mRNAs was quantified using qPCR. Pregnancy status was determining at 32 ± 3 days after insemination using an ultrasound "Sonoscape-5V″ model. Receiver operating curves (ROC) were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the biochemical parameters in serum to predict establishment of p The expression of MDA, GPX, and Catalase changed (P < 0·05) between G1, PG and G2 phases of the ovsynch protocol with higher levels at PG than at G1 and G2. The highest levels of NO were detected at G2. The ROC analyses identified NO, TAC and CAT as the most sensitive and specific biomarker for pregnancy with areas under the curve being 0.875 (P < 0.0001), 0.843 (P < 0.03), 0.833 (P < 0.017), sensitivity being 75.3, 42.86, and 26.27%, and specificity being 90, 90 and 85% respectively. The expression for VEGF, VEGFR2, eNOS3, AQP3, and AQP4 mRNAs was upregulated at PG compared to G1 and G2 phases of the ovsynch protocol. The results suggest that following the first injection of GnRH, there is an increase in expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, eNOS3, AQP3, and AQP4 mRNAs by the time of the PGF2a injection and then expression decreased. Further, ROC analyses identified increases in NO, TAC and CAT as the most sensitive and specific biomarkers with the greatest potential to predict establishment of pregnancy in Holstein cows.