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Śmiecińska K, Stępień A, Daszkiewicz T. The fatty acid profile and the quality of breast and leg muscles in female and male pearl gray guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Poult Sci 2024; 103:103385. [PMID: 38181477 PMCID: PMC10805938 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid (FA) profile and the quality of breast and leg muscles in male and female guinea fowl. In comparison with leg muscles, breast muscles had a higher content of dry matter and total protein, and contained less fat and total collagen (P ≤ 0.05). Sex had no effect on the chemical composition of the studied muscles or the FA profile of intramuscular fat (IMF) (P > 0.05). The IMF of breast muscles was characterized by higher proportions of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and lower proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (P ≤ 0.05) than the IMF of leg muscles. The physicochemical properties of guinea fowl meat were significantly influenced by muscle type (P ≤ 0.05), but not by sex (P > 0.05). Leg muscles were characterized by a higher pH, higher cooking loss, lower lightness (L*), lower drip loss, a higher contribution of redness (a*), and a lower contribution of yellowness (b*) than breast muscles (P ≤ 0.05). The experimental factors had no effect on the sensory attributes or the shear force values of the analyzed muscles (P > 0.05). The unique sensory attributes, high protein content, and low fat content of the analyzed muscles indicate that guinea fowl meat can be a dietary supplement and an addition to other types of meat consumed, especially that most guinea fowl are reared in extensive farming systems that contribute to sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Śmiecińska
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adrian Stępień
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Daszkiewicz
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Yakubu A, Jegede P, Wheto M, Shoyombo AJ, Adebambo AO, Popoola MA, Osaiyuwu OH, Olafadehan OA, Alabi OO, Ukim CI, Vincent ST, Mundi HL, Olayanju A, Adebambo OA. Multivariate characterisation of morpho-biometric traits of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261048. [PMID: 35696370 PMCID: PMC9191719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterise phenotypically helmeted Guinea fowls in three agro-ecologies in Nigeria using multivariate approach. Eighteen biometric characters, four morphological indices and eleven qualitative physical traits were investigated in a total of 569 adult birds (158 males and 411 females). Descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H test followed by the Mann–Whitney U and Dunn-Bonferroni tests for post hoc, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), Univariate Analysis, Canonical Discriminant Analysis, Categorical Principal Component Analysis and Decision Trees were employed to discern the effects of agro-ecological zone and sex on the morphostructural parameters. Agro-ecology had significant effect (P<0.05; P<0.01) on all the colour traits. In general, the most frequently observed colour phenotype of Guinea fowl had pearl plumage colour (54.0%), pale red skin colour (94.2%), black shank colour (68.7%), brown eye colour (49.7%), white earlobe colour (54.8%) and brown helmet colour (72.6%). The frequencies of helmet shape and wattle size were significantly influenced (P<0.01) by agro-ecology and sex. Overall, birds from the Southern Guinea Savanna zone had significantly higher values (P<0.05) for most biometric traits compared to their Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest counterparts. They were also more compact (120.00 vs. 110.00 vs. 107.69) but had lesser condition index (7.66 vs. 9.45 vs. 9.30) and lower long-leggedness (19.71 vs. 19.23 vs. 9.51) than their counterparts from the two other zones. Sexual dimorphism (P<0.05) was in favour of male birds especially those in Southern Guinea Savanna and Sudano-Sahelian zones. However, the MCA and discriminant analysis revealed considerable intermingling of the qualitative physical traits, biometric traits and body indices especially between the Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest birds. In spite of the high level of genetic admixture, the Guinea fowl populations could to a relative extent be distinguished using wing length, body length and eye colour. Generally, the birds from the three zones appeared to be more homogeneous than heterogeneous in nature. However, further complementary work on genomics will guide future selection and breeding programs geared towards improving the productivity, survival and environmental adaptation of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowls in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmojeed Yakubu
- Department of Animal Science/Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria
- * E-mail: (AY); (AJS); (AOA)
| | - Praise Jegede
- Department of Animal Science/Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria
- National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mathew Wheto
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ayoola J. Shoyombo
- Department of Animal Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- * E-mail: (AY); (AJS); (AOA)
| | - Ayotunde O. Adebambo
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- * E-mail: (AY); (AJS); (AOA)
| | | | - Osamede H. Osaiyuwu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olayinka O. Alabi
- Department of Animal Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | | | - Samuel T. Vincent
- Department of Animal Science/Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria
| | - Harirat L. Mundi
- Department of Animal Science/Centre for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi Olayanju
- Department of Animal Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo A. Adebambo
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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