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Santana JCS, Difante GDS, Rodrigues JG, Pereira MDG, Fernandes HJ, Ítavo CCBF, Longhini VZ, Dias AM, Ítavo LCV. Mathematical models for predicting protodioscin in tropical forage grasses. Toxicon 2024; 240:107628. [PMID: 38278421 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Protodioscin is a saponin present in grasses that can lead to losses in animal production. Our hypothesis was that mathematical models can accurately and precisely predict the protodioscin concentration in tropical grasses. We evaluated the ability of four mathematical models to describe the protodioscin concentration in Brachiaria and Panicum cultivars with different regrowth periods. Six cultivars of Panicum: Aruana, Massai, Mombaça, Tanzânia, Tamani, and Zuri; and five of Brachiaria-grass: Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xaraés and Basilisk. Protodioscin concentration evaluations were carried out at 51, 84, 110, and 111 days of age. Linear, Quadratic, Exponential, and Logarithmic models were evaluated, and the adequacy of the models was verified. The models were compared for accuracy and precision by pairwise mean squared error analysis and the delta Akaike information criterion. The models did not differ from each other in terms of accuracy and precision. The exponential model showed a high ability to explain the observed variability between protodioscin concentration and plant age for Brachiaria grasses. Panicum grasses have constant protodioscin concentration. Mathematical models are capable of predicting the protodioscin concentration in grasses of the genus Brachiaria based on plant age. We recommend Exponential model to predict the concentration of protodioscin in Brachiaria grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marislayne de Gusmão Pereira
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Henrique Jorge Fernandes
- Unidade Universitaria de Aquidauana, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Aquidauana, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
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Kono IS, Faccin TC, Amorim de Lemos GA, Di Santis GW, Bacha FB, Guerreiro YA, de Oliveira Gaspar A, Lee ST, de Castro Guizelini C, Leal CB, Amaral de Lemos RA. Outbreaks of Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria brizantha intoxications in Brazilian experienced cattle. Toxicon 2022; 219:106931. [PMID: 36167144 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Brachiaria species are some of the most used forage species for raising Brazilian cattle because of their great nutritional value and adaptability to the tropical climate. However, cases of animal intoxication have been described. Animal species, age, genetic resistance, and previous adaptation to the forage can influence the susceptibility to intoxication. Cattle (young or adults), other adult ruminants and animals adapted to consumption (experienced flocks) are considered more resistant. The main clinical presentation is that of hepatogenous photosensitization. Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria ruziziensis are considered less toxic. The aim of this study is to describe three outbreaks of intoxication by B. brizantha and B. ruziziensis in experienced cattle, as well as to compare the concentrations of protodioscin in paddocks with and without clinical cases. It was observed that the two forage species are toxic to all age groups of cattle adapted to their consumption, and the concentrations of protodioscin present in the plant cannot be used as the only criterion for determining the occurrence of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelli Sayuri Kono
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Cargnin Faccin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gisele Augusta Amorim de Lemos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giovana Wingeter Di Santis
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavia Barbieri Bacha
- Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados - Unigran. Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto de Oliveira Gaspar
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Carolina de Castro Guizelini
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cassia Brito Leal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Amaral de Lemos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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de Melo GKA, Ítavo CCBF, Ítavo LCV, Brumatti RC, da Silva JA, Ferelli KLSM, da Silva PCG, de Souza Arco TFF, de Lemos RAA. Economic impact of poisoning by Brachiaria grass in lambs from birth to finishing receiving to different levels of supplementation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:259. [PMID: 35951163 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the economic impact of poisoning by Brachiaria grass in lambs from birth to weaning (suckling) and from weaning to slaughter (finishing) different levels of energy protein supplementation (EPS). In addition, we estimated the economic efficiency of removing lambs from the pasture as a control measure to minimize the losses caused by Brachiaria grass poisoning. Seventy lambs were used in the suckling phase, distributed in two nutritional treatments (control and creep feeding). Hospitalization expenses were US$ 1580.80 for the control treatment and US$ 256.16 for the creep feeding treatment. In the finishing phase, 48 lambs were distributed in four nutritional treatments, which consisted of increasing levels of EPS (mineral salt, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4% of LW). The largest difference in total revenue (US$) was observed between 2.4% of BW EPS and mineral salt (- 2300.28) treatments. Hospitalization expenses were similar between nutritional treatments, being higher in the treatment 1.6% of BW EPS (US$ 578.15). The biggest difference in gross income (US$) observed was between 2.4% of BW EPS and mineral salt (- 1439.43) treatments. The Brachiaria grass poisoning caused economic losses to the sheep farming system, due to the death of lambs, reduced weight gain and lower weights at weaning and in the finishing phase. Brachiaria grass poisoning caused economic damage to the production system. There were direct losses, with the death of the lambs without supplementation, in the suckling and finishing phases. The supplementation increases the performance and reduces the mortality. The supplementation in high levels is efficient in reducing the economic impact of poisoning by Brachiaria grass in both periods of suckling and finishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Kelli Ayardes de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443 Vila Ipiranga, MS, 79074-460, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Brumatti
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Jonilson Araújo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Kedma Leonora Silva Monteiro Ferelli
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Pâmila Carolini Gonçalves da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernanda Farias de Souza Arco
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Amaral de Lemos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
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