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Mahmoud NK, El-Deeb AH, Abd El-Khaleck MA, Elsafty MM, Hussein HA. Cytokine expression, protection and shedding reduction induced by the combination of lipopolysaccharide with Montanoid ISA71 in oil-based Newcastle disease vaccine. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106542. [PMID: 38199445 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Oil-based inactivated ND vaccines are a commonly used control strategy for this endemic disease in Egypt. One of the major limitations of these inactivated vaccines is the time taken to develop a protective response in vaccinated birds. In the present study, we aimed to formulate an inactivated oil-based ND vaccine incorporated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that stimulates the early onset innate response to inactivated vaccines via proinflammatory cytokine production. Five groups of 21-day old SPF chicks were reared in isolators and were treated as follows: G1: Montanoid ISA71 adjuvanted NDV vaccinated group, G2: LPS and Montanoid ISA71 adjuvanted NDV vaccinated group, G3: LPS and Montanoid ISA71 with phosphate buffer saline received group and two non-vaccinated control groups. NDV specific antibodies and cell mediated immune responses were evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition and lymphocyte proliferation tests, respectively. Transcriptional responses of the TLR4, IFN-γ and IL-2 genes were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following vaccination by qRT-PCR. Protection % was determined after challenge with a lethal strain of NDV 106 EID50/0.5 ml. Viral shedding was assessed on oropharyngeal swabs by qRT-PCR and infectivity titration on SPF-ECE. The results revealed that the incorporation of LPS with ISA71 in the oil-based ND vaccine induced a synergistic response confirmed by significant humoral and lymphoproliferative responses with a significant increase in Th1 cytokine transcripts. The simultaneous use of both adjuvants in G2 demonstrated complete protection and a significant reduction in viral shedding compared to the ISA71-adjuvated ND vaccine in G1, which conferred 90 % protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal K Mahmoud
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Ayman H El-Deeb
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abd El-Khaleck
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Mounir M Elsafty
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB) , Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Hussein A Hussein
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Rtishchev A, Treshchalina A, Shustova E, Boravleva E, Gambaryan A. An Outbreak of Newcastle Disease Virus in the Moscow Region in the Summer of 2022. Vet Sci 2023; 10:404. [PMID: 37368790 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In August 2022 on a backyard farm in the Moscow region of Russia, mortality was observed among chickens, and all 45 birds of a particular farm died or were slaughtered after the onset of symptoms within a few days. Paramyxovirus was isolated from the diseased birds. Based on the nucleotide sequences of the F and NP gene fragments, it was determined that the virus belonged to subgenotype VII.1 AAvV-1 class II. The cleavage site of the F gene 109SGGRRQKRFIG119 and T in 546 and 555 position of the NP gene were typical for the velogenic type. The genetically closest NDV isolates were found in Iran. The mean time of death of 10-day-old chicken embryos upon infection with the minimal infectious dose was 52 h, which is typical for the velogenic pathotype. The virus caused 100% death of six-week-old chickens during oral infection as well as 100% mortality of all contact chickens, including those located in remote cages, which proves the ability of the virus to spread not only by the fecal-oral route but also by the aerosol route. That demonstrates a high level of pathogenicity and contagiousness of the isolated strain for chicken. However, mice intranasally infected with high doses of the virus did not die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom Rtishchev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Treshchalina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement "Moskovskiy", 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Shustova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement "Moskovskiy", 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Boravleva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement "Moskovskiy", 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Gambaryan
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement "Moskovskiy", 108819 Moscow, Russia
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Eid AAM, Hussein A, Hassanin O, Elbakrey RM, Daines R, Sadeyen JR, Abdien HMF, Chrzastek K, Iqbal M. Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Prevalence in Poultry and Wild Birds in Egypt. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102244. [PMID: 36298799 PMCID: PMC9607356 DOI: 10.3390/v14102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype VII is a highly pathogenic Orthoavulavirus that has caused multiple outbreaks among poultry in Egypt since 2011. This study aimed to observe the prevalence and genetic diversity of NDV prevailing in domestic and wild birds in Egyptian governorates. A total of 37 oropharyngeal swabs from wild birds and 101 swabs from domestic bird flocks including chickens, ducks, turkeys, and pelicans, were collected from different geographic regions within 13 governorates during 2019–2020. Virus isolation and propagation via embryonated eggs revealed 91 swab samples produced allantoic fluid containing haemagglutination activity, suggestive of virus presence. The use of RT-PCR targeted to the F gene successfully detected NDV in 85 samples. The geographical prevalence of NDV was isolated in 12 governorates in domestic birds, migratory, and non-migratory wild birds. Following whole genome sequencing, we assembled six NDV genome sequences (70–99% of genome coverage), including five full F gene sequences. All NDV strains carried high virulence, with phylogenetic analysis revealing that the strains belonged to class II within genotype VII.1.1. The genetically similar yet geographically distinct virulent NDV isolates in poultry and a wild bird may allude to an external role contributing to the dissemination of NDV in poultry populations across Egypt. One such contribution may be the migratory behaviour of wild birds; however further investigation must be implemented to support the findings of this study. Additionally, continued genomic surveillance in both wild birds and poultry would be necessary for monitoring NDV dissemination and genetic diversification across Egypt, with the aim of controlling the disease and protecting poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. M. Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Hussein
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ola Hassanin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Reham M. Elbakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rebecca Daines
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - Hanan M. F. Abdien
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41622, Egypt
| | | | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Correspondence:
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