Long-term outcome of kidney transplantation in patients with a urinary conduit: a case-control study

Safety of augmentation cystoplasty in patients with bladder abnormalities undergoing renal transplantation: a systematic review

BACKGROUND Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) has been recently proposed to improve a bladder condition before or after a renal transplantation for an optimal allograft function. Until now, AC in adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is uncommon and rarely practiced. This study aimed to investigate the safety of AC in patients with bladder abnormalities who required renal transplantation. METHODS Studies of patients with ESRD and abnormal bladder who underwent AC were searched in ProQuest, PubMed, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library online databases. Only studies published in English from January 1985 to May 2020 were included. The keywords used were renal transplantation, bladder dysfunction, cystoplasty, and their synonyms. Data were extracted by two independent authors who selected, screened, and assessed the articles’ eligibility and quality. The outcomes were graft survival rate and complications of AC. RESULTS A total of 19 articles were included. AC improved an intravesical pressure, a bladder capacity, and a compliance in patients with ESRD and bladder abnormalities, allowing patients to undergo the renal transplantation. Even though AC in patients with renal transplantation resulted in a significantly higher urinary tract infection rate than patients who underwent renal transplantation only, performing AC after renal transplantation was considered safe. CONCLUSIONS AC was considered safe for patients with bladder abnormalities who underwent renal transplantation.

Taguchi versus Lich-Grégoir Extravesical Ureteroneocystostomy in Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION

Ureteric implantation of the transplanted ureter into native urinary bladder tissue in kidney transplantation recipients is essential for post-operative kidney function. We aimed to determine the effects of Taguchi versus Lich-Grégoir extravesical ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation.

METHODS

We searched multiple databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science), trial registries, and conference proceedings until March 2021. We included prospective studies comparing Taguchi and Lich-Grégoir ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation. Two review authors independently screened the identified records, extracted data, evaluated the risk of bias using ROBINS-I, and assessed the certainty of evidence according to GRADE.

RESULTS

We identified 3 prospective studies with serious or critical risk of bias, leading to low-certainty evidence. We downgraded the risk of bias due to study limitations. Assessment and/or reporting of baseline imbalances, co-interventions, and confounding factors was insufficient in all included studies. The effect of Taguchi ureteroneocystostomy remains unclear.

CONCLUSION

Currently available evidence is not useful to determine the effect of Taguchi versus Lich-Grégoir ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation. There is a need for methodologically better designed and executed studies, such as randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up reporting baseline imbalances, co-interventions, and confounding factors.

Outcomes of kidney‐transplanted patients with history of intestinal reconstruction of the urinary tract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Complex Ureteral Reconstruction in Kidney Transplantation

OBJECTIVES

Despite advances in surgical techniques and organ preservation, transplant ureteric strictures remain a common complication in kidney transplantation. A variety of endourological and surgical techniques have been utilized; however, there is a lack of consensus on the optimal modality in dealing with these complex cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We present challenging ureteral reconstruction cases after failed attempts at ureteral dilatation, failed conventional open repairs, and/or with bladder dysfunction.

RESULTS

All renal allografts were salvaged by successful use of bladder Boari flap and intestinal segment interpositions/diversions.

CONCLUSIONS

Operative repair remains the most durable and successful approach, and minimally invasive options should be reserved for nonsurgical candidates, with consideration of a single attempt in patients with early, distal, short (<2 cm), nonischemic strictures.

Preoperative Risk Factors Associated With Urinary Complications After Kidney Transplantation

BACKGROUND

Only surgically irrelevant risk factors including sex, African-American ancestry, or exceptional U-stitch anastomosis have been identified to associate with urinary complications after kidney transplantation. The objective was to identify modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with urinary complications after kidney transplantation.

METHODS

A single-center study of 3,129 kidney transplants performed over 40 years was conducted to identify independent risk factors using χ² tests and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

We identified the quality of the transplant's ureter, cystographic abnormalities in the recipient, and repeat transplantations as independent risk factors for overall urinary complications occurring after kidney transplantation in multivariable analysis. Obesity was associated with an increased risk of urinary fistula, while the presence of a JJ stent was associated with a reduced risk of urinary fistula. The risk of urinary surgical complications for kidney transplantations was reduced when the kidney was recovered from a living related compared to a deceased donor.

CONCLUSIONS

The risk factors identified in the present study will allow candidates for kidney transplantation to be more informed and will also allow for surgical modifications to limit the occurrence of urinary complications.

Urinary Diversion in Renal Transplantation

Renal transplantation involving anatomically or functionally altered recipient urinary reservoirs is a challenging procedure. Initial reports discouraged kidney transplantation in patients with urinary diversion due to inferior outcomes. However, more recent studies have shown that although there are more infectious complications, patients with urinary diversions have comparable long-term graft survival with those with native anatomy. Careful preoperative assessment of these candidates is mandatory. Unique technical and surgical concepts must be considered before embarking on transplanting this specific cohort of kidney transplantation candidates.

Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients With Percutaneous Ureteral Interventions: A Single-Center Study

Background

Long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation recipients with percutaneous ureteral management of transplant ureteral complications are not well characterized.

Methods

Electronic records of 1753 recipients of kidney-alone transplant between January 2000 and December 2008 were reviewed. One hundred thirty-one patients were identified to have undergone percutaneous ureteral management, with placement of percutaneous nephrostomy tube or additional intervention (nephroureteral stenting and/or balloon dilation). Indications for intervention included transplant ureteral stricture or ureteral leak. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable regression modeling were performed to determine survival outcomes.

Results

Kaplan- Meier graft survival (P = 0.04) was lower in patients with percutaneous ureteral intervention for transplant ureteral complication. Graft survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 94.3% 78.3%, and 59.1% for no intervention and 97.2%, 72.1%, and 36.2% for intervention cohort. Patient survival (P = 0.69) was similar between cohorts. Multivariate analysis demonstrated no association with graft failure (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-2.19; P = 0.53) or patient death (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.41; P = 0.22) in intervention group. The major cause of graft failure was infection for percutaneous ureteral intervention group (20.4%) and chronic rejection for those without intervention (17.3%).

Conclusions

Kidney transplant recipients with percutaneous ureteral interventions for ureteral complications do not have a significant difference in graft and patient survival outcomes. Therefore, aggressive nonoperative management can be confidently pursued in the appropriate clinical setting.

[KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN A PATIENT WITH AN INDIANA POUCH: A CASE REPORT]

Kidney transplantation with an Indiana pouch is very rare, and a case report about it has not been found. This is our report about a successful case of kidney transplantation in a patient with an Indiana pouch. A 32 year-old woman with end stage renal failure was referred to our hospital for living related kidney transplantation. She had undergone an Indiana pouch diversion, due to a neurogenic bladder with spina bifida and renal dysfunction, 11 years ago. However, her kidney function gradually deteriorated, and finally she was started on hemodialysis six months ago. We performed living related kidney transplantation from her mother. We transplanted a graft into her right fossa iliaca and made an anastomosis between a graft ureter and an Indiana pouch. Her postoperative course was uneventful with good graft function. Now 1 year after transplantation, she maintains good graft function without urinary tract infection dor rejection.