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Ou YC, Yu TM, Li JR, Wu CC, Wang JD, Liao SL, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Chen CJ. Runx2 silencing sensitized human renal cell carcinoma cells to ABT-737 apoptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 761:110173. [PMID: 39369835 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The prognostic value of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and its involvement in cell growth and motility have been reported in patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Since Runx2 may have the potential to be a target for the purpose of antitumor intervention, there is an urgent need to gain insight into its oncogenic properties. Using human 786-O, Caki-1 and ACHN RCC cells as models, the silencing of cellular Runx2 expression brought about a reduction in cyclin D1 and β-catenin expression, cell growth and migration without any significant cell death. Runx2-silenced cells turned into apoptosis vulnerable in the presence of ABT-737, a BH3 mimetic Bcl-2 inhibitor. Data from biochemical and molecular studies have revealed a positive correlation between Runx2 expression and Akt phosphorylation, Mcl-1 expression, and fibronectin expression. Results of genetic silencing studies have indicated the potential involvement of Mcl-1 and fibronectin in the decision of RCC cell ABT-737 resistance and sensitivity. The regulatory roles of the PI3K/Akt axis in the expression of Mcl-1 and fibronectin were suggested by means of the results taken from experiments involving pharmacological study of the PI3K/Akt. Since overexpression and prognostic roles of Runx2, activated Akt, Mcl-1, fibronectin, cyclin D1, and β-catenin have been revealed in RCC, it is important to explore the precise mechanisms underlying Runx2 oncogenic effects. Although the linking details between Runx2 and PI3K/Akt have yet to be identified, our findings suggest that Mcl-1 and fibronectin are downstream effectors of Runx2 via a regulatory axis of the PI3K/Akt and their promotion of cell growth, migration, and ABT-737 resistance in RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chuan Ou
- Department of Urology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung City 433, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Min Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan; Department of Financial Engineering, Providence University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan; Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan.
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan.
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Duarte WE, Pinho JD, Melo SPDC, Duarte DRD, do Carmo JMDGR, Khayat AS, Calixto JRR, Campos MAG, Correa RDGCF, Júnior AMA, Teixeira-Júnior AAL, Silva GEB. Cyclin D1 expression in penile cancer. Oncotarget 2024; 15:302-311. [PMID: 38742684 PMCID: PMC11092173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The main goal of the present study was to analyze the expression profile of cyclin D1 in patients with PC, and to determine possible correlations with clinical and histopathological features. A survey was conducted with 100 patients diagnosed with PC, who were treated at two reference hospitals in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017. A review of clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological data was performed, Human Papillomavírus (HPV) DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cyclin D1 expression analysis was performed using immunohistochemical techniques. The data revealed that the absence of cyclin D1 expression was significantly associated with HPV-positive histological subtypes (p = 0.001), while its expression was associated with high-grade tumors (p = 0.014), histological subtype (p = 0.001), presence of sarcomatoid transformation (p = 0.04), and perineural invasion (p = 0.023). Patients with cyclin D1 expression exhibited lower disease-free survival compared to the cyclin D1-negative group, although the difference was not statistically significant. The results suggest that cyclin D1 may be a potential biomarker for PC, especially for poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesliany Everton Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Diniz Pinho
- State University of Maranhão, Zé Doca, Brazil
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Syomara Pereira da Costa Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
- University Hospital, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antônio Augusto Lima Teixeira-Júnior
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Jaiswal M, Tripathi A, Singh D, Kumar A, Singh M, Batra N, Verma A. Clinical Correlation and Role of Cyclin D1 Expression in Glioblastoma Patients: A Study From North India. Cureus 2022; 14:e22346. [PMID: 35223330 PMCID: PMC8857909 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene. Cyclin D1 protein is frequently overexpressed in malignant gliomas. Methods It is an observational study comprising 40 biopsy-proven cases of GBM in a span of one and half years. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used with Cyclin D1 monoclonal antibody. Cyclin D1 on the outcome was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate and compared by log-rank test. Results Cyclin D1 was expressed in 60% of patients. The majority (72.5%) of patients expired during the study period, out of which 69% showed immune-expression in contrast to living subjects, out of which only 45.5% of patients exhibited expression. The maximum number of glioblastoma patients were aged between 41 and 50 years (40%), followed by those aged between 31 and 40 years (20%). The male to female ratio of study subjects was 3.44:1. Conclusion The study concluded that there is no significant association between Cyclin D1 expression status and different demographic, clinical, and outcome variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Jaiswal
- Pathology, Guru Shri Gorakhnath Chikitsalaya, Gorakhpur, IND
| | | | - Dezy Singh
- Forensic Medicine • Toxicology, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Monika Singh
- Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Neha Batra
- Pathology, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, IND
| | - Anil Verma
- Pathology, Raipur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, IND
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West JM, Ma D, Mott SL, Brown JA. Cell cycle progression score has potential prognostic value for stage T1 renal cell carcinomas. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:545-552. [PMID: 32081562 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an ongoing effort to identify a biomarker which predicts metastatic progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of the cell cycle progression (CCP) score biomarker in predicting metastasis in RCC after local resection of pathologic T1 disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Pathologic T1 tumors at the University of Iowa were reviewed in patients who had a radical or partial nephrectomy between 1995 and 2010. Patients with known or suspected metastasis, who had received chemotherapy, or who developed metastasis within 60 days of surgery were excluded. Final analysis included 163 patients with RCC who developed metastasis or a new primary within 5 years after surgery or had been followed for 5 years without developing metastasis. INTERVENTION(S) Expression levels of 31 cell cycle genes and 15 control genes from the tumor were measured and reported as a CCP score. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the development of a metastasis or new primary within 5 years of resection was calculated for varying CCP score cutoffs. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 4 (2.5%) patients developed metastasis and 7 (4.3%) developed a new primary renal tumor. A CCP score of >-0.25 had a 100% sensitivity and 43% specificity for predicting metastatic progression. A CCP score of >-0.7 had a 100% sensitivity and 20% specificity for predicting the development of a new renal primary. CONCLUSIONS The CCP score has potential prognostic value in predicting metastatic progression and might be a useful tool for the management of patients with RCC. PATIENT SUMMARY In this study we looked at the utility of a particular gene expression profile from kidney tumors. We found that this gene expression test has the potential to identify tumors at risk of metastasis and thus could be a useful tool in the management of patients with kidney tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M West
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Urology, Iowa City, IA
| | - Deqin Ma
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Pathology, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sarah L Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - James A Brown
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Urology, Iowa City, IA.
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Li Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Fang L, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Yan L, Tang Y, Fan Y. Prognostic Significance of Cyclin D1 Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1401-1409. [PMID: 31748879 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that cyclin D1 shown the potential as a tumor biomarker. However, the prognostic value of cyclin D1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial. This study investigated the correlation of cyclin D1 expression with the prognostic and clinicopathological features in RCC patients. We systematically searched the database of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science updated on November 26, 2017. Eighteen studies with 2282 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated that cyclin D1 overexpression in RCC showed significant favorable prognostic impact on disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43-0.74) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.85) without significant heterogeneity. In subgroup of clear cell RCC, the prognostic effect on DFS was robust and the pooled HR was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.27-0.57). However, no association between overall survival (OS) and cyclin D1 expression was observed. Stratified analysis in DFS studies by sample size, staining patterns race and metastasis status showed similar results. Otherwise, cyclin D1 overexpression predicted a reduced prevalence of high TNM stage (T3 + T4) (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.99), high-grade tumor (G3 + G4) (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.81) and large tumor size (OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19-0.62). Our meta-analysis indicated that cyclin D1 overexpression could predict the favorable prognosis in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikai Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Tang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yidong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Yin H, Cao Q, Zhao H, Wang S, Chen W, Zhang X, Chang Z, Xu T, Ye X. Expression of CREPT is associated with poor prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4789-4797. [PMID: 31611989 PMCID: PMC6781659 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cycle-associated and expression-elevated protein in tumor (CREPT) functions as a cell cycle modulator that enhances the transcription of cyclin D1 by interacting with RNA polymerase II. CREPT has been identified to be overexpressed in various human cancer types; however, the expression and significance of CREPT in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has remained largely elusive. In the present study, increased expression of CREPT was identified in 46.7% RCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissue (31.1%; P=0.032) using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, overexpression of CREPT was significantly associated with the Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (χ2=11.967, P=0.001) and Fuhrman grade (χ2=15.453, P<0.001). In addition, increased expression of CREPT was associated with poor overall survival (P=0.021) and disease-free survival (P=0.015) of patients according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cellular function assays demonstrated that knockdown of CREPT in the 786-O and 769P RCC cell lines suppressed their proliferative, colony formation, migratory and invasive capacity and led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. In addition, the western blotting analysis demonstrated that CREPT may control the cell cycle through downregulation of cyclin D1 and c-myc. Collectively, the overexpression of CREPT was indicated to be a negative prognostic factor for RCC, and CREPT may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Yin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Qingfei Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Haiyue Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Shenheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Weinan Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xiongjun Ye
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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Mahzouni P, Taheri F. An Immunohistochemical Study of Cyclin D1 Expression in Astrocytic Tumors and its Correlation with Tumor Grade. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 14:252-257. [PMID: 31583003 PMCID: PMC6742742 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2019.82024.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Glioblastoma-multiforme is the high grade form of astrocytic tumors with a short survival time, which are the most common type of brain tumors. Therefore, finding new therapeutic options is essential. Cyclin D1 is expressed in some human malignancies and can be a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The aim of the present study was to determine this relationship. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the pathology department of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. In this study, 100 samples diagnosed with astrocytic tumors between 2011 and 2015 that met the study’s requirements were studied and immunohistochemical staining for cyclin D1 was performed for each specimen. At the end, the relationship between the expression of cyclin D1 and various variables including tumor grades, tumor subtypes and patient demographic features were examined using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Of the 100 samples, cyclin D1 was positive in 60 samples and negative in 40 samples. Moreover, in 26 samples, the amount of the marker was low, while in 34 samples it was high. Following the results of the study, there was a significant difference (P =0.038) in the expression of the cyclin D1 marker among the four different grades of astrocytic tumors. Conclusion: The results showed that the expression of cyclin D1 was associated with different tumor grades, especially the high level of expression in grade 4, and the amount of cyclin D1 increased as the level of grade glioma increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mahzouni
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taheri
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Fibronectin Promotes Cell Growth and Migration in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112792. [PMID: 31181623 PMCID: PMC6600362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic and therapeutic values of fibronectin have been reported in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the underlying mechanisms of malignancy in RCC are not completely understood. We found that silencing of fibronectin expression attenuated human RCC 786-O and Caki-1 cell growth and migration. Silencing of potential fibronectin receptor integrin α5 and integrin β1 decreased 786-O cell ability in movement and chemotactic migration. Biochemical examination revealed a reduction of cyclin D1 and vimentin expression, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production, as well as Src and Smad phosphorylation in fibronectin-silenced 786-O and Caki-1 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Src decreased 786-O cell growth and migration accompanied by a reduction of cyclin D1, fibronectin, vimentin, and TGF-β1 expression, as well as Src and Smad phosphorylation. In 786-O cells, higher activities in cell growth and migration than in Caki-1 cells were noted, along with elevated fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression. The additions of exogenous fibronectin and TGF-β1 promoted Caki-1 cell growth and migration, and increased cyclin D1, fibronectin, vimentin, and TGF-β1 expression, as well as Src and Smad phosphorylation. These findings highlight the role of fibronectin in RCC cell growth and migration involving Src and TGF-β1 signaling.
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Robinson RL, Sharma A, Bai S, Heneidi S, Lee TJ, Kodeboyina SK, Patel N, Sharma S. Comparative STAT3-Regulated Gene Expression Profile in Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes. Front Oncol 2019; 9:72. [PMID: 30863721 PMCID: PMC6399114 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are heterogeneous and can be further classified into three major subtypes including clear cell, papillary and chromophobe. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is commonly hyperactive in many cancers and is associated with cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. In renal cell carcinoma, increased STAT3 activation is associated with increased metastasis and worse survival outcomes, but clinical trials targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway have shown varying levels of success in different RCC subtypes. Using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we compared expression of 32 STAT3 regulated genes in 3 RCC subtypes. Our results indicate that STAT3 activation plays the most significant role in clear cell RCC relative to the other subtypes, as half of the evaluated genes were upregulated in this subtype. MMP9, BIRC5, and BCL2 were upregulated and FOS was downregulated in all three subtypes. Several genes including VEGFA, VIM, MYC, ITGB4, ICAM1, MMP1, CCND1, STMN1, TWIST1, and PIM2 had variable expression in RCC subtypes and are potential therapeutic targets for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Robinson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Saleh Heneidi
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sai Karthik Kodeboyina
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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10
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He D, Yu Z, Liu S, Dai H, Xu Q, Li F. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) is Underexpressed in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Tissue and Transfection and Overexpression in Caki-1 Cells Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Increases Apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8391-8400. [PMID: 30459299 PMCID: PMC6259576 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) in human tissue containing clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) compared with normal renal tissue, and the effects of upregulating the expression of MTHFD1 in the human CCRCC cell line, Caki-1. Material/Methods Tumor and adjacent normal renal tissue were obtained from 44 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for CCRCC. Caki-1 human CCRCC cells were divided into the control group, the empty vector (EV) group, and the plasmid-treated group that overexpressed MTHFD1. MTHFD1 mRNA and protein levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay measured cell viability. Flow cytometry evaluated apoptosis and the cell cycle. Western blot measured the protein levels of MTHFD1, Bax, Bcl-2, Akt, p53, and cyclin D1, and qRT-PCR determined the gene expression profiles. Results MTHFD1 mRNA and protein levels in CCRCC tumor tissues were significantly lower compared with adjacent normal renal tissue. MTHFD1 over-expression in Caki-1 cells inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cells in the G1 phase, increased cell apoptosis, and upregulated gene and protein expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and p53, and inhibited p-Akt, and cyclin D1. Conclusions MTHFD1 was underexpressed in CCRCC tissue when compared with normal renal tissue. MTHFD1 transfection of human CCRCC Caki-1 cells in vitro inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, associated with reduced expression of cyclin D1, reduced Akt phosphorylation, and increased expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin He
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihai Yu
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Dai
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Hong Y, Huang X, An L, Ye H, Ma K, Zhang F, Xu Q. Overexpression of COPS3 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression via regulation of Phospho-AKT(Thr308), Cyclin D1 and Caspase-3. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:163-170. [PMID: 29477618 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The third subunit of the COP9 signalosome (COPS3) is associated with cell proliferation and tumorigenesis process in cancer. The present study showed that the expression level of COPS3 was upregulated in malignant cell lines and COPS3 overexpression was related with clinical stage, T stage, historical grade. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that COPS3 may function as a prognostic factor for overall survival. CCK-8 and colony formation assays revealed that knockdown of COPS3 in ACHN and 786-O significantly impacted proliferation in vitro. In addition, flow cytometry showed that inhibition of COPS3 induced G0/G1 arrest and promoted apoptosis. COPS3 may promote kidney cancer progression by altering Phospho-AKT(Thr308), Cyclin D1 and Caspase-3 expression. Collectively, Our findings suggest that COPS3 may be a new potential target of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Lizhe An
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Haiyun Ye
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Kai Ma
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Fengshi Zhang
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingquan Xu
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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12
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G6PD promotes renal cell carcinoma proliferation through positive feedback regulation of p-STAT3. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109043-109060. [PMID: 29312589 PMCID: PMC5752502 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression plays important role in tumor cell metabolic reprogramming and results in poor prognosis of multiple malignancies. Our previous study indicated that G6PD is overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of RCC. However, its role in RCC is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that G6PD is not only up-regulated in all types of RCC specimens but also displays higher activities in RCC cell lines. G6PD overexpression promoted RCC cell proliferation, altered cell cycle distribution, and enhanced xenografted RCC development. G6PD up-regulated ROS generation by facilitating NADPH-dependent NOX4 activation, which led to increased expression of p-STAT3 and CyclinD1. Enhanced ROS generation rescued the p-STAT3 and CyclinD1 expression reduction in G6PD-knockdown cells, while ROS scavengers reversed the up-regulated p-STAT3 and CyclinD1 expression in G6PD-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, p-STAT3 activated G6PD gene expression via binding to the G6PD promoter, demonstrating that p-STAT3 forms a positive feedback regulatory loop for G6PD overexpression. G6PD expression was up or down-regulated in response to the impact of p-STAT3 activators or inhibitors. Therefore, G6PD may be an effective RCC therapeutic target.
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Sun J, Wang K, Teng J, Yu Y, Hua R, Zhou H, Zhong D, Fan Y. Numb had anti-tumor effects in prostatic cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:108-115. [PMID: 28531799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explain the Numb anti-cancer effects in the prostatic cancer. METHODS Collecting the 20 prostatic cancer patients and analyzing the correlation between Numb and Glease score. Transfection Numb into DU-145 and PC-3 cells, measuring the proliferation rate of difference groups by MTT assay, evaluating the cell apoptosis and cell cycle of difference group by Flow cytometry; measuring the invasion and migration abilities by transwell and wound healing assays. In the nude mice experiment, establish prostatic cancer nude mouse subcutaneous planting tumor model by DU-145 cells, Injection the Numb from tail vein. Evaluating the tumor volume and weight. RESULTS The Numb protein expression was decreased with Glease score increasing. The proliferation rate of Numb groups were significantly decreased compared with NC groups (P<0.05, respectively). The apoptosis and G1 phase rates of Numb groups were significantly enhanced compared with NC groups (P<0.05, respectively). The invasion and migration abilities of Numb group cells were significantly weaken compared with NC groups (P<0.05, respectively). In the WB assay, The relative proteins (Numb, P53, Cyclin D1, Rac1, MMP-2 and MMP-9) expression were significantly differences between NC and Numb groups (P<0.05, respectively). In the vivo experiment, the tumor volume and weight of Numb group was significantly lighter than NC group (P<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Overexpression Numb had anti-cancer effects to prostatic cancer in vitro and vivo experiments, the mechanism might be P53/Cyclin D1 and Rac1/MMP-2/-9 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, China
| | - Jingfei Teng
- Department of Urology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yufu Yu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, China
| | - Runmiao Hua
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, China
| | - Haiyong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, China
| | - Dachuan Zhong
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, China.
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Pawlak M, Kikulska A, Wrzesinski T, Rausch T, Kwias Z, Wilczynski B, Benes V, Wesoly J, Wilanowski T. Potential protective role of Grainyhead-like genes in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2414-2423. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pawlak
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction; Department of Cell Biology; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kikulska
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction; Department of Cell Biology; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Tomasz Wrzesinski
- Faculty of Biology; Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Adam Mickiewicz University; Poznan Poland
| | - Tobias Rausch
- Genomics Core Facility; European Molecular Biology Laboratory; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Zbigniew Kwias
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - Bartek Wilczynski
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics; Institute of Informatics; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility; European Molecular Biology Laboratory; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Faculty of Biology; Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Adam Mickiewicz University; Poznan Poland
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction; Department of Cell Biology; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
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Wang LS, Chen SJ, Zhang JF, Liu MN, Zheng JH, Yao XD. Anti-proliferative potential of Glucosamine in renal cancer cells via inducing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. BMC Urol 2017; 17:38. [PMID: 28558682 PMCID: PMC5450348 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of cancer in urological system worldwide. Recently, the anticancer role of Glucosamine has been studied in many types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Glucosamine on RCC. Methods The effects of Glucosamine on RCC cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis assay, respectively in vitro. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry after treatment with Glucosamine. Protein levels of several cell cycle associated markers were examined by Western Blot. Results Our data showed that Glucosamine significantly inhibited the proliferation of renal cancer 786-O and Caki-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, Glucosamine treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in both cell lines. Meanwhile, the expression of several regulators that contribute to G1/S phased transition, such as Cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6, were significantly down-regulated with the up-regulation of cell cycle inhibitors, p21 and p53, after treatment with glucosamine. However, the apoptosis rate of RCC cells was down-regulated when treatment with Glucosamine at 1 mM and 5 mM, while up-regulated at 10 mM. Conclusions Our findings indicated that Glucosamine inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells by promoting cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, but not promoting apoptosis. The present results suggested that Glucosamine might be a potential therapeutic agent in RCC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Sheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shao-Jun Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jun-Hua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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The Silencing of CCND2 by Promoter Aberrant Methylation in Renal Cell Cancer and Analysis of the Correlation between CCND2 Methylation Status and Clinical Features. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161859. [PMID: 27583477 PMCID: PMC5008725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D2 (CCND2) is a member of the D-type cyclins, which plays a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation, differentiation and malignant transformation. However, its expression status and relative regulation mechanism remains unclear in renal cell cancer (RCC). In our study, the mRNA expression level of CCND2 is down-regulated in 22/23 paired RCC tissues (p<0.05). In addition, its protein expression level is also decreased in 43/43 RCC tumor tissues compared with its corresponding non-malignant tissues (p<0.001). We further detected that CCND2 was down-regulated or silenced in 6/7 RCC cell lines, but expressed in “normal” human proximal tubular (HK-2) cell line. Subsequently, MSP and BGS results showed that the methylation status in CCND2 promoter region is closely associated with its expression level in RCC cell lines. Treatment with 5-Aza with or without TSA restored CCND2 expression in several methylated RCC cell lines. Among the 102 RCC tumors, methylation of CCND2 was detected in 29/102 (28%) cases. Only 2/23 (8.7%) adjacent non-malignant tissues showed methylation. We then analyzed the correlation of clinical features and its promoter methylation. Collectively, our data suggested that loss of CCND2 expression is closely associated with the promoter aberrant methylation.
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Biphasic Squamoid Alveolar Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Distinctive Subtype of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma? Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:664-75. [PMID: 26999503 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic squamoid alveolar renal cell carcinoma (BSARCC) has been recently described as a distinct neoplasm. Twenty-one cases from 12 institutions were analyzed using routine histology, immunohistochemistry, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Tumors were removed from 11 male and 10 female patients, whose age ranged from 53 to 79 years. The size of tumors ranged from 1.5 to 16 cm. Follow-up information was available for 14 patients (range, 1 to 96 mo), and metastatic spread was found in 5 cases. All tumors comprised 2 cell populations arranged in organoid structures: small, low-grade neoplastic cells with scant cytoplasm usually lining the inside of alveolar structures, and larger squamoid cells with more prominent cytoplasm and larger vesicular nuclei arranged in compact nests. In 9/21 tumors there was a visible transition from such solid and alveolar areas into papillary components. Areas composed of large squamoid cells comprised 10% to 80% of total tumor volume. Emperipolesis was present in all (21/21) tumors. Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive for cytokeratin 7, EMA, vimentin, and cyclin D1. aCGH (confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization) in 5 analyzable cases revealed multiple numerical chromosomal changes including gains of chromosomes 7 and 17 in all cases. These changes were further disclosed in 6 additional cases, which were unsuitable for aCGH. We conclude that tumors show a morphologic spectrum ranging from RCC with papillary architecture and large squamoid cells to fully developed BSARCC. Emperipolesis in squamoid cells was a constant finding. All BSARCCs expressed CK7, EMA, vimentin, and cyclin D1. Antibody to cyclin D1 showed a unique and previously not recognized pattern of immunohistochemical staining. Multiple chromosomal aberrations were identified in all analyzable cases including gains of chromosomes 7 and 17, indicating that they are akin to papillary RCC. Some BSARCCs were clinically aggressive, but their prognosis could not be predicted from currently available data. Present microscopic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic data strongly support the view that BSARCC is a distinctive and peculiar morphologic variant of papillary RCC.
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Abstract
A multifocal biphasic squamoid alveolar renal cell carcinoma in a 68-year-old man is reported. Four different peripheral tumor nodules were identified on gross examination. A fifth central tumor corresponded to a conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biphasic squamoid alveolar renal cell carcinoma is a rare tumor that has been very recently characterized as a distinct histotype within the spectrum of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Immunostaining with cyclin D1 seems to be specific of this tumor subtype. This is the first reported case with multifocal presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Spain
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Abstract
A multifocal biphasic squamoid alveolar renal cell carcinoma in a 68-year-old man is reported. Four different peripheral tumor nodules were identified on gross examination. A fifth central tumor corresponded to a conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biphasic squamoid alveolar renal cell carcinoma is a rare tumor that has been very recently characterized as a distinct histotype within the spectrum of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Immunostaining with cyclin D1 seems to be specific of this tumor subtype. This is the first reported case with multifocal presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Spain
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Krabbe LM, Margulis V, Lotan Y. Prognostic Role of Cell Cycle and Proliferative Markers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am 2016; 43:105-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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IL-37 mediates the antitumor activity in renal cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2015; 32:250. [PMID: 26464282 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-37 is a natural suppressor of innate inflammatory and immune responses. IL-37 plays an important role in renal function and antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-37 in renal cell carcinoma (Rcc). Serum IL-37 levels in 120 Rcc patients and 50 healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Rcc cell lines A498 and Caki-1 were cultured with 0-100 ng/mL of recombinant human IL-37 protein (rhIL-37). Cancer cells were transfected with or without pcDNA3.1-IL-6 to alter IL-6 expression. Cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis were tested by wound-healing assay, MTT, and flow cytometry, respectively. Levels of IL-6, pSTAT3 Y705, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and HIF-1α were detected by qRT-PCR, ELISA, or western blot. Additionally, therapeutic effect of rhIL-37 was also confirmed in SCID mice. The expression of IL-37 was decreased in Rcc patients and was negatively correlated with tumor progression. In vitro, IL-37 markedly inhibited the migration and proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in Rcc cells. Furthermore, the expressions of IL-6, pSTAT3 Y705, HIF-1α, Bcl-2, and cyclin D1 were decreased by IL-37. However, these effects were reversed by the transfection of pcDNA3.1-IL-6. In vivo, tumor growth and gene expressions of IL-6 and HIF-1α were suppressed by IL-37. In conclusion, IL-37 might serve as a novel tumor suppressor in Rcc and exert its antitumor activity through inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling.
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Sima J, Zhang B, Yu Y, Sima X, Mao Y. Overexpression of Numb suppresses growth, migration, and invasion of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:2885-92. [PMID: 25480416 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of Numb on cell growth, cell migration, and invasion in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Endogenous expression of Numb was evaluated in the ccRCC cell lines (786-O, Caki-1, and Caki-2) and control reference human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Numb expression was decreased in the ccRCC cells compared with the control cells (P < 0.01). Then, 786-O and Caki-1 cells described as suitable transfection hosts were used in transfection to carry out biological function studies. The three experimental groups were as follows: Numb-ORF (transfected with Numb-ORF plasmid), blank-vector (transfected with pCMV6-entry), and cell-alone group (no DNA). Numb expression in the Numb-ORF groups was significantly higher than that in the controls (P < 0.01). Cell growth was remarkably reduced (P < 0.01), and the number of migrating or invading cells was reduced (P < 0.01) in the Numb-ORF groups compared with controls. Furthermore, the ratio of G0/G1 phase in the Numb-ORF group of 786-O cells was increased, and the S phase fraction and proliferation index was decreased (P < 0.01). Cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression was reduced in the Numb-ORF groups compared with controls. Here, we have provided data for attenuated Numb expression in the ccRCC cells. Overexpression of Numb could induce G0/G1 phase arrest and inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The suppressive effects might be due to downregulation of cyclin D1 or MMP-9 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that Numb may possibly function as a tumor suppressor involved in the carcinogenesis of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sima
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Central Hospital, No. 15 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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Santoni M, Pantano F, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Conti A, Burattini L, Zoccoli A, Berardi R, Santoni G, Tonini G, Santini D, Cascinu S. Emerging strategies to overcome the resistance to current mTOR inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:221-31. [PMID: 24480319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has emerged as an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has improved significantly with the advent of agents targeting the mTOR pathway, such as temsirolimus and everolimus. Unfortunately, a number of potential mechanisms that may lead to resistance to mTOR inhibitors have been proposed. In this paper, we discuss the mechanisms underlying resistance to mTOR inhibitors, which include the downstream effectors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway, the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), the PIM kinase family, PTEN expression, elevated superoxide levels, stimulation of autophagy, immune cell response and ERK/MAPK, Notch and Aurora signaling pathways. Moreover, we present an updated analysis of clinical trials available on PubMed Central and www.clinicaltrials.gov, which were pertinent to the resistance to rapalogs. The new frontier of inhibiting the mTOR pathway is to identify agents targeting the feedback loops and cross talks with other pathways involved in the acquired resistance to mTOR inhibitors. The true goal will be to identify biomarkers predictive of sensitivity or resistance to efficiently develop novel agents with the aim to avoid toxicities and to better choose the active drug for the right patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Clinica di Urologia, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luciano Burattini
- Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alice Zoccoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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