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The Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Watercress on the Levels of Protein Carbonyl, Inflammatory Markers, and Vitamin E in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:5588464. [PMID: 34136285 PMCID: PMC8175173 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5588464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic kidney disorder is a main public health concern. Inflammatory processes and oxidative stress are common in end-stage renal disease patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of watercress (WC) on the inflammatory cytokines and protein carbonyl (PCO) contents in chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial performed on 46 hemodialysis patients. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: intervention group (500 mg hydroalcoholic extract of WC every day for 4 weeks) and control group (500 mg of white flour every night for 4 weeks). The blood samples were taken to determine the levels of vitamin E, PCO, and inflammatory cytokines at baseline and the end of treatment. Results Forty-five patients completed the study (22 patients in the intervention group and 23 patients in the control group). There was a significant reduction in the PCO level (20.33 ± 4.40 vs. 15.06 ± 6.41, P=0.001) in the intervention group; also, this change was statistically significant relative to the control group. Furthermore, there were significant reductions in hs-CRP (8953.30 ± 5588.06 vs. 7249.86 ± 5091.62, P=0.007) and IL-6 (60.10 (55.99, 73.10) vs. 55.21 (53.39, 60.48), P=0.050) in the intervention group, but these changes were not significant in comparison with the control group. Conclusion We conclude that the hydroalcoholic extract of WC reduced the PCO content in hemodialysis patients via inhibition of protein oxidation. Although WC administration had caused a significant reduction in IL-6 and CRP levels, these differences were not statistically significant relative to the control group. Further research is needed to identify the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WC in hemodialysis patients.
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Al-Basher G, Al-Motiri H, Al-Farraj S, Al-Otibi F, Al-Sultan N, Al-Kubaisi N, Al-Sarar D, Al-Dosary M, Bin-Jumah M, Mahmoud AM. Chronic exposure to 35% carbamide peroxide tooth bleaching agent induces histological and hematological alterations, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17427-17437. [PMID: 31016589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the side effects of tooth whiteners on the gastric mucosa. However, the impact of dental bleaching products on the liver, kidney, and heart remains obscure. The present study investigated the toxic potential of 35% carbamide peroxide (CPO) containing tooth whitening product (TWP) on the liver, kidney, heart, and stomach of mice, pointing to the role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Mice received 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight CPO-TWP orally for 3 weeks and samples were collected for analyses. Both doses of CPO-TWP induced a significant increase in circulating liver, kidney, and heart function markers. CPO-TWP-administered mice showed several histological alterations and a significant increase in liver, kidney, heart, and stomach lipid peroxidation levels along with diminished glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. In addition, administration of CPO-TWP provoked anemia, leukocytosis, and a significant increase in circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, exposure to 35% CPO-TWP induced functional, histological, and hematological alterations, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mice. Therefore, the frequent use of tooth bleaching agents should be monitored very carefully to avoid the application of excess amounts as well as the intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadah Al-Basher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Al-Motiri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Farraj
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Al-Otibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Al-Sultan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noorah Al-Kubaisi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Al-Sarar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monerah Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salim St., Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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Pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2155-2172. [PMID: 30551473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of cardiovascular damage presents in diabetic patients independent of the coexistence of ischemic heart disease or hypertension. It is characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation time, myocardial dilatation and hypertrophy and reduced systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes in the diabetic heart are most likely multifactorial and include, but not limited to, oxidative/nitrosative stress, increased advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and cell death. The aim of this review is to address the major molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of DCM. In addition, this review provides studies conducted to determine the pharmacological effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, focusing on its therapeutic potential against the processes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. EGCG has been shown to exert several potential therapeutic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Given its therapeutic potential, EGCG might be a promising drug candidate to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with DCM and other diabetes complications.
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Đukanović L, Račić M, Marić I, Maksimović Z, Simić J, Aleksić J, Stanković S, Pejović V, Ležaić V. How common is Balkan endemic nephropathy among immigrants in endemic regions? Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1301-1309. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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